58 research outputs found
Biodiversités « utile » et « nuisible » dans les agrosystÚmes : importance pour la lutte biologique par conservation
La lutte biologique par conservation repose sur la mise en place dâamĂ©nagements dans ou
autour de parcelles cultivées ou de modifications des pratiques culturales de façon à favoriser
la régulation des ravageurs des cultures par des auxiliaires de lutte biologiques indigÚnes.
Pour ĂȘtre efficaces, les mĂ©thodes de lutte biologique par conservation nĂ©cessitent toutefois
plusieurs pré-requis : (i) une bonne compréhension de la biodiversité associée aux
agrosystĂšmes, (ii) lâoptimisation des Ă©changes entre la culture et les autres composantes de
lâagrosystĂšme, (iii) la prise en compte dâĂ©ventuels effets non-intentionnels associĂ©s aux
auxiliaires favorisĂ©s. Ces trois points sont discutĂ©s dans le cadre dâun programme en cours
dont lâobjectif est dâĂ©valuer lâintĂ©rĂ©t dâune plante mĂ©diterranĂ©enne, lâinule visqueuse
Dittrichia viscosa L. (W. Greuther) (Asteraceae), pour la régulation de ravageurs dans deux
agrosystĂšmes, lâoliveraie et la culture sous serres
A Search for Dense Molecular Gas in High Redshift Infrared-Luminous Galaxies
We present a search for HCN emission from four high redshift far infrared
(IR) luminous galaxies. Current data and models suggest that these high IR
luminous galaxies represent a major starburst phase in the formation of
spheroidal galaxies, although many of the sources also host luminous active
galactic nuclei (AGN), such that a contribution to the dust heating by the AGN
cannot be precluded. HCN emission is a star formation indicator, tracing dense
molecular hydrogen gas within star-forming molecular clouds (n(H) cm). HCN luminosity is linearly correlated with IR luminosity for
low redshift galaxies, unlike CO emission which can also trace gas at much
lower density. We report a marginal detection of HCN (1-0) emission from the
QSO J1409+5628, with a velocity integrated line luminosity of
K km s pc, while we obtain
3 upper limits to the HCN luminosity of the QSO J0751+2716 of
K km s pc, K km s pc for the starburst galaxy
J1401+0252, and K km s pc for the QSO J1148+5251. We compare the HCN data on these sources, plus three
other high- IR luminous galaxies, to observations of lower redshift
star-forming galaxies. The values of the HCN/far-IR luminosity ratios (or
limits) for all the high sources are within the scatter of the relationship
between HCN and far-IR emission for low star-forming galaxies (truncated).Comment: aastex format, 4 figures. to appear in the Astrophysical Journal;
Revised lens magnification estimate for 1401+025
Elaboration d'un protocole experimental pour l'étude de l'influence de la qualité des sources alimentaires sur les mécanismes de recrutement par les danses lors du butinage
* Inra Poitou-Charentes, ERIST, Route de Saintes BP 6, 86600 Lusignan (FRA) Diffusion du document : Inra Poitou-Charentes, ERIST, Route de Saintes BP 6, 86600 Lusignan (FRA) DiplĂŽme : MaĂźtris
« Oh punaise ! » Vous avez dit punaises ?
National audiencePourquoi un panorama sur les punaises ? Celles-ci Ă©taient considĂ©rĂ©es jusquâĂ rĂ©cemment comme des ravageurs secondaires pouvant causer des dĂ©gĂąts Ă©pisodiquement et localement. Depuis une dizaine dâannĂ©es, de nombreuses espĂšces de punaises Ă©mergent comme ravageurs de plantes cultivĂ©es causant des dĂ©gĂąts de plus en plus frĂ©quents et importants
Une nouvelle espĂšce invasive en France : Thrips setosus Moulton, 1928 (Thysanoptera, Thripidae)
A new alien species in France : Thrips setosus Moulton, 1928 (Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Thrips setosus Moulton, 1928, a non-native species of Thripidae, has been reported for the first time from France and Netherlands on Hydrangea sp. in 2014. Since then, it has been found in other European countries and on other host plants. This thrips is native from Eastern Asia where it is considered as a pest in particular because of its role as a vector of the Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV). This species is not included in existing European identification keys and confusion with close species is possible. The criteria to differentiate T. setosus from the most common French species are given, as well as the haplotypes encountered for two genetic loci. Key points about its distribution, biology and its potential impact are discussed.Thrips setosus Moulton, 1928, une espĂšce allochtone de Thripidae, a Ă©tĂ© signalĂ© pour la premiĂšre fois de France et des Pays-Bas sur Hydrangea sp. en 2014. Depuis, il a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©couvert dans dâautres pays europĂ©ens et sur dâautres plantes-hĂŽtes. Ce thrips est originaire dâAsie orientale oĂč il est considĂ©rĂ© comme un ravageur, notamment en raison de son rĂŽle de vecteur du virus Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV). Cette espĂšce nâest pas prise en compte dans les clĂ©s dâidentification europĂ©ennes et la confusion avec des espĂšces proches est possible. Les critĂšres pour diffĂ©rencier T. setosus des espĂšces françaises les plus communes sont indiquĂ©s, ainsi que les haplotypes rencontrĂ©s pour deux loci gĂ©nĂ©tiques. Quelques Ă©lĂ©ments sur sa distribution, sa biologie et son impact potentiel sont discutĂ©s.BalmĂšs ValĂ©rie, Bout Alexandre, Reynaud Philippe. Une nouvelle espĂšce invasive en France : Thrips setosus Moulton, 1928 (Thysanoptera, Thripidae). In: Bulletin de la SociĂ©tĂ© entomologique de France, volume 123 (3),2018. pp. 301-311
Lutte biologique par augmentation Ă lâaide dâarthropodes entomophages contre les arthropodes phytophages
International audienc
Augmentative biological control using entomophagous arthropods
International audienceAugmentative biological control is based on the repeated introduction of mass-produced biological control agents as predators or parasitoids with the aim of temporarily controlling or even eradicating pest populations. The different augmentative strategies form a continuum ranging from preventive releases of small numbers of natural enemies prior to the arrival of the pests for a delayed impact (inoculation) to intense, short-term mass releases for a quick and drastic impact on the pest population (inundation). These strategies may also be combined with practices that aim to favour the individual fitness and/or the population establishment of the biological control agents. After briefly reviewing the history of such practices, this chapter explores different challenges currently faced by augmentative biological control linked to the production of biocontrol agents, the underlying business models and the potential existence of non-target effects. Finally, different ways to improve augmentative biological control are investigated, from better selection of biocontrol agent strains to innovations in rearing conditions or supplementation of resources to support the introduced natural enemies. The need to better understand the population dynamics at play or the possible combination of augmentative biological control with entomovectoring techniques are also discussed
Multi-criteria decision aid as a new tool to apprehend factors affecting adoption of sustainable practices in ornamental greenhouses
International audienc
Biological and integrated pest control in floriculture.
International audienceno abstrac
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