58 research outputs found

    Biodiversités « utile » et « nuisible » dans les agrosystÚmes : importance pour la lutte biologique par conservation

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    La lutte biologique par conservation repose sur la mise en place d’amĂ©nagements dans ou autour de parcelles cultivĂ©es ou de modifications des pratiques culturales de façon Ă  favoriser la rĂ©gulation des ravageurs des cultures par des auxiliaires de lutte biologiques indigĂšnes. Pour ĂȘtre efficaces, les mĂ©thodes de lutte biologique par conservation nĂ©cessitent toutefois plusieurs prĂ©-requis : (i) une bonne comprĂ©hension de la biodiversitĂ© associĂ©e aux agrosystĂšmes, (ii) l’optimisation des Ă©changes entre la culture et les autres composantes de l’agrosystĂšme, (iii) la prise en compte d’éventuels effets non-intentionnels associĂ©s aux auxiliaires favorisĂ©s. Ces trois points sont discutĂ©s dans le cadre d’un programme en cours dont l’objectif est d’évaluer l’intĂ©rĂ©t d’une plante mĂ©diterranĂ©enne, l’inule visqueuse Dittrichia viscosa L. (W. Greuther) (Asteraceae), pour la rĂ©gulation de ravageurs dans deux agrosystĂšmes, l’oliveraie et la culture sous serres

    A Search for Dense Molecular Gas in High Redshift Infrared-Luminous Galaxies

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    We present a search for HCN emission from four high redshift far infrared (IR) luminous galaxies. Current data and models suggest that these high zz IR luminous galaxies represent a major starburst phase in the formation of spheroidal galaxies, although many of the sources also host luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN), such that a contribution to the dust heating by the AGN cannot be precluded. HCN emission is a star formation indicator, tracing dense molecular hydrogen gas within star-forming molecular clouds (n(H2_2) ∌105\sim 10^5 cm−3^{-3}). HCN luminosity is linearly correlated with IR luminosity for low redshift galaxies, unlike CO emission which can also trace gas at much lower density. We report a marginal detection of HCN (1-0) emission from the z=2.5832z=2.5832 QSO J1409+5628, with a velocity integrated line luminosity of LHCNâ€Č=6.7±2.2×109L_{\rm HCN}'=6.7\pm2.2 \times10^{9} K km s−1^{-1} pc2^2, while we obtain 3σ\sigma upper limits to the HCN luminosity of the z=3.200z=3.200 QSO J0751+2716 of LHCNâ€Č=1.0×109L_{\rm HCN}'=1.0\times10^{9} K km s−1^{-1} pc2^2, LHCNâ€Č=1.6×109L_{\rm HCN}'=1.6\times10^{9} K km s−1^{-1} pc2^2 for the z=2.565z= 2.565 starburst galaxy J1401+0252, and LHCNâ€Č=1.0×1010L_{\rm HCN}'=1.0\times10^{10} K km s−1^{-1} pc2^2 for the z=6.42z = 6.42 QSO J1148+5251. We compare the HCN data on these sources, plus three other high-zz IR luminous galaxies, to observations of lower redshift star-forming galaxies. The values of the HCN/far-IR luminosity ratios (or limits) for all the high zz sources are within the scatter of the relationship between HCN and far-IR emission for low zz star-forming galaxies (truncated).Comment: aastex format, 4 figures. to appear in the Astrophysical Journal; Revised lens magnification estimate for 1401+025

    Elaboration d'un protocole experimental pour l'étude de l'influence de la qualité des sources alimentaires sur les mécanismes de recrutement par les danses lors du butinage

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    * Inra Poitou-Charentes, ERIST, Route de Saintes BP 6, 86600 Lusignan (FRA) Diffusion du document : Inra Poitou-Charentes, ERIST, Route de Saintes BP 6, 86600 Lusignan (FRA) DiplĂŽme : MaĂźtris

    Punaises phytophages, quelle diversité sur nos cultures

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    « Oh punaise ! » Vous avez dit punaises ?

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    National audiencePourquoi un panorama sur les punaises ? Celles-ci Ă©taient considĂ©rĂ©es jusqu’à rĂ©cemment comme des ravageurs secondaires pouvant causer des dĂ©gĂąts Ă©pisodiquement et localement. Depuis une dizaine d’annĂ©es, de nombreuses espĂšces de punaises Ă©mergent comme ravageurs de plantes cultivĂ©es causant des dĂ©gĂąts de plus en plus frĂ©quents et importants

    Une nouvelle espĂšce invasive en France : Thrips setosus Moulton, 1928 (Thysanoptera, Thripidae)

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    A new alien species in France : Thrips setosus Moulton, 1928 (Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Thrips setosus Moulton, 1928, a non-native species of Thripidae, has been reported for the first time from France and Netherlands on Hydrangea sp. in 2014. Since then, it has been found in other European countries and on other host plants. This thrips is native from Eastern Asia where it is considered as a pest in particular because of its role as a vector of the Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV). This species is not included in existing European identification keys and confusion with close species is possible. The criteria to differentiate T. setosus from the most common French species are given, as well as the haplotypes encountered for two genetic loci. Key points about its distribution, biology and its potential impact are discussed.Thrips setosus Moulton, 1928, une espĂšce allochtone de Thripidae, a Ă©tĂ© signalĂ© pour la premiĂšre fois de France et des Pays-Bas sur Hydrangea sp. en 2014. Depuis, il a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©couvert dans d’autres pays europĂ©ens et sur d’autres plantes-hĂŽtes. Ce thrips est originaire d’Asie orientale oĂč il est considĂ©rĂ© comme un ravageur, notamment en raison de son rĂŽle de vecteur du virus Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV). Cette espĂšce n’est pas prise en compte dans les clĂ©s d’identification europĂ©ennes et la confusion avec des espĂšces proches est possible. Les critĂšres pour diffĂ©rencier T. setosus des espĂšces françaises les plus communes sont indiquĂ©s, ainsi que les haplotypes rencontrĂ©s pour deux loci gĂ©nĂ©tiques. Quelques Ă©lĂ©ments sur sa distribution, sa biologie et son impact potentiel sont discutĂ©s.BalmĂšs ValĂ©rie, Bout Alexandre, Reynaud Philippe. Une nouvelle espĂšce invasive en France : Thrips setosus Moulton, 1928 (Thysanoptera, Thripidae). In: Bulletin de la SociĂ©tĂ© entomologique de France, volume 123 (3),2018. pp. 301-311

    Augmentative biological control using entomophagous arthropods

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    International audienceAugmentative biological control is based on the repeated introduction of mass-produced biological control agents as predators or parasitoids with the aim of temporarily controlling or even eradicating pest populations. The different augmentative strategies form a continuum ranging from preventive releases of small numbers of natural enemies prior to the arrival of the pests for a delayed impact (inoculation) to intense, short-term mass releases for a quick and drastic impact on the pest population (inundation). These strategies may also be combined with practices that aim to favour the individual fitness and/or the population establishment of the biological control agents. After briefly reviewing the history of such practices, this chapter explores different challenges currently faced by augmentative biological control linked to the production of biocontrol agents, the underlying business models and the potential existence of non-target effects. Finally, different ways to improve augmentative biological control are investigated, from better selection of biocontrol agent strains to innovations in rearing conditions or supplementation of resources to support the introduced natural enemies. The need to better understand the population dynamics at play or the possible combination of augmentative biological control with entomovectoring techniques are also discussed
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