Troubles du sommeil chez le sujet âgé en institutions gériatriques

Cette étude avait pour but de faire un état des lieux en institutions gériatriques. Elle cherchait à démontrer l'importance des facteurs environnementaux et médicamenteux. Dans un 1er temps, on s'est attaché à faire un rappel des données biologiques du sommeil chez le sujet âgé puis un tour d'horizon des pathologies du sommeil du sujet âgé. L'étude elle même repose sur 3 questionnaires distribués aux résidents, aux soignants (A. soignants et I.D.E.) et aux médecins. Malheureusement, les questionnaires se sont montrés par trop ambitieux. Il en ressort néanmoins quelques points dont un important rejoignant les recommandations de la Haute Autorité de Santé. Les soignants et les médecins souhaitent aussi bénéficier d'une formation spécifique du sommeil de l'âgé.CLERMONT FD-BCIU-Santé (631132104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Occult maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke exposure

International audienceBackground: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a recognised air pollutant. Its harmful effects have been found to be implicated in health disorders, including unfavourable pregnancy outcomes. The discrepancy between self-reported emvironmental tobacco smoke exposure and cotinine levels in pregnant non-smokers in France was examined.Method: Plasma cotinine was determined by a CPG-SM method on women who had answered a self-questionnaire describing their habits and environment during pregnancy.Results: Of 698 pregnant women reported as non-smokers, 305 (43.7%) claimed not to be exposed to ETS, yet 196 of these (64.3%) had plasma cotinine levels above the limit of detection.Conclusion: Self-reported data on ETS exposure in pregnant women therefore underestimate actual exposure. However, cotinine assay cab rectify this misclassification. An accurate identification of this risk factore will help to change attitudes towards ETS and avert its adverse effects on mother and fetus

Limits of usual biochemical alcohol markers in cord blood at term: A fetal/maternal population-based study

Background: After maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, many neonates affected by less apparent forms of fetal alcohol syndrome disorder (FASD) do not receive proper diagnosis or treatment. There is thus a need for laboratory markers for early detection of alcohol-exposed neonates. The aim of our study was to assess the efficiency of the usual alcohol biomarkers measured in cord blood to identify alcohol-exposed neonates immediately after birth. Methods: A 1-year study was conducted in the labor wards of the maternity units of the Auvergne, Central France at the time of term delivery. The patients answered an anonymous self-completion survey concerning alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test; AUDIT) during their pregnancy. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyltransferase concentrations and the percentage of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin were measured in maternal and cord blood. Results: We collected 870 maternal-fetal sample pairs. Two cases (0.2%) of typical FASD were detected. We report a non-significant correlation between maternal and cord blood biomarkers. None of the cord blood biomarkers differed significantly between newborns of alcohol-exposed and unexposed mothers. Conclusions: We demonstrate that the usual alcohol biomarkers are not effective in cord blood for identifying alcohol-exposed neonates. ©2007 by Walter de Gruyter.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Psychiatric symptoms and mortality in older adults with major psychiatric disorders: results from a multicenter study

International audienc