Améliorer la consommation d'aliment sec sous la mère : leviers et conséquences

International audienceStimulating the consumption of solid feed prior to weaning may improve piglet adaptation after weaning. The aim of this study was to provide some key recommendations to improve creep feed intake in sucklers. Twenty-one and 11 litters, weaned at 21 and 28 days of age (doa), respectively, were included in this trial. The litters were creep-fed in round conventional feeders from d5 after birth. Every day, two times a day until d14 and then three times a day until weaning, fresh creep feed was weighed and given to litters, and the number of piglets was recorded. The feed remaining in each feeder was weighed to quantify feed disappearance at the litter level. Finally, piglets were individually weighed on d2, at weaning (21 or 28 doa), on d42 and at the end of the postweaning period. Statistical analyses (analysis of variance) were performed using R Studio. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Regardless of the age at weaning, feed disappearance increased as piglet age increased, especially from ca. 2 weeks of life. Depending on the feeder characteristics, mean creep-feed intake was 1294 g (feeder A) for weaning at 21 doa and 1616 g (feeder B) or 3227 g (feeder A) for weaning at 28 doa. Weaning weights of piglets with feeder A were significantly higher (+400 g, on average). In addition, the more piglets there were in the litter, the higher the dry feed disappearance for weaning at 28 doa. Finally, regardless of the age at weaning, the heavier the piglet on d2, the higher the feed disappearance.Pour les porcelets, le sevrage représente un stress important. En effet, en maternité, le porcelet s’alimente majoritairement en tétant sa mère et doit rapidement s’adapter à une alimentation à sec après le sevrage. Bien que les résultats issus des études déjà publiées soient parfois contradictoires, il est supposé que plus un porcelet consomme d’aliment sec en maternité, plus il s’adaptera rapidement à son alimentation en post-sevrage. S’il ne semble pas y avoir de conséquence démontrée sur les performances de croissance après le sevrage dans la littérature, l’intérêt pour la réduction des maladies digestives en post-sevrage est souvent évoqué. L’objectif de cette étude est de proposer des recommandations de distribution d’aliment sec pour les porcelets au cours de la lactation pour faciliter la transition en post-sevrage

Age- and sex-dependent contact call usage in Japanese macaques

International audienceThe question of the flexibility of nonhuman primate vocal communication remains open today, especially due to early evidence of innately guided vocal production. However, socially determined flexibility can be found when the debate is moved from vocal structure to vocal usage. While increasing evidence shows that the audience quality influences the vocal behaviour of nonhuman primates, the impact of the caller's characteristics has been far less studied. Here, we tested the influence of an individual's sex and age on the usage style of contact calls. We recorded contact calls of male and female Japanese macaques and compared the vocal usage styles of approximately 1-year-old juveniles with those of adults at various ages. We found, first, important differences in call usage style between juveniles and adults, the latter forming temporally ruled vocal exchanges respecting an interindividual turntaking principle. Moreover, sex differences were substantial in adults but nonexistent in juveniles. Finally, age continued to influence female vocal behaviour during adulthood, whereas dominance rank explained differences between adult males. Two nonexclusive mechanisms can explain this phenomenon, that is, a socially guided development of the appropriate form of calling versus an emotional maturation to control call emission, opening new lines of research on nonhuman primate vocal development of appropriate usages

Impact of the first wave of COVID-19 epidemy on the surgical management of sigmoid diverticular disease in France: National French retrospective study

International audienceObjective: To analyze the surgical management of sigmoid diverticular disease (SDD) before, during, and after the first containment rules (CR) for the first wave of COVID-19.Methods: From the French Surgical Association multicenter series, this study included all patients operated on between January 2018 and September 2021. Three groups were compared: A (before CR period: 01/01/18-03/16/20), B (CR period: 03/17/20-05/03/20), and C (post CR period: 05/04/20-09/30/21).Results: A total of 1965 patients (A n = 1517, B n = 52, C n = 396) were included. The A group had significantly more previous SDD compared to the two other groups (p = 0.007), especially complicated (p = 0.0004). The rate of peritonitis was significantly higher in the B (46.1%) and C (38.4%) groups compared to the A group (31.7%) (p = 0.034 and p = 0.014). As regards surgical treatment, Hartmann's procedure was more often performed in the B group (44.2%, vs A 25.5% and C 26.8%, p = 0.01). Mortality at 90 days was significantly higher in the B group (9.6%, vs A 4% and C 6.3%, p = 0.034). This difference was also significant between the A and B groups (p = 0.048), as well as between the A and C groups (p = 0.05). There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of postoperative morbidity.Conclusion: This study shows that the management of SDD was impacted by COVID-19 at CR, but also after and until September 2021, both on the initial clinical presentation and on postoperative mortality

Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients

International audienceThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Our study included all patients on dialysis recorded in the French REIN Registry in April 2020. Clinical characteristics at last follow-up and the evolution of COVID-19 illness severity over time were recorded for diagnosed cases (either suspicious clinical symptoms, characteristic signs on the chest scan or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1,621 infected patients were reported on the REIN registry from March 16th, 2020 to May 4th, 2020. Of these, 344 died. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients varied from less than 1% to 10% between regions. The probability of being a case was higher in males, patients with diabetes, those in need of assistance for transfer or treated at a self-care unit. Dialysis at home was associated with a lower probability of being infected as was being a smoker, a former smoker, having an active malignancy, or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality in diagnosed cases (21%) was associated with the same causes as in the general population. Higher age, hypoalbuminemia and the presence of an ischemic heart disease were statistically independently associated with a higher risk of death. Being treated at a selfcare unit was associated with a lower risk. Thus, our study showed a relatively low frequency of COVID-19 among dialysis patients contrary to what might have been assumed