2,561 research outputs found
An Amelogenin Mutation Leads to Disruption of the Odontogenic Apparatus and Aberrant Expression of Notch I
BACKGROUND Amelogenins are highly conserved proteins secreted by ameloblasts in the dental organ of developing teeth. These proteins regulate dental enamel thickness and structure in humans and mice. Mice that express an amelogenin transgene with a P70T mutation (TgP70T) develop abnormal epithelial proliferation in an amelogenin null (KO) background. Some of these cellular masses have the appearance of proliferating stratum intermedium, which is the layer adjacent to the ameloblasts in unerupted teeth. As Notch proteins are thought to constitute the developmental switch that separates ameloblasts from stratum intermedium, these signaling proteins were evaluated in normal and proliferating tissues. METHODS Mandibles were dissected for histology and immunohistochemistry using Notch I antibodies. Molar teeth were dissected for western blotting and RT-PCR for evaluation of Notch levels through imaging and statistical analyses. RESULTS Notch I was immunolocalized to ameloblasts of TgP70TKO mice, KO ameloblasts stained, but less strongly, and wild-type teeth had minimal staining. Cells within the proliferating epithelial cell masses were positive for Notch I and had an appearance reminiscent of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor with amyloid-like deposits. Notch I protein and mRNA were elevated in molar teeth from TgP70TKO mice. CONCLUSION Expression of TgP70T leads to abnormal structures in mandibles and maxillae of mice with the KO genetic background and these mice have elevated levels of Notch I in developing molars. As cells within the masses also express transgenic amelogenins, development of the abnormal proliferations suggests communication between amelogenin producing cells and the proliferating cells, dependent on the presence of the mutated amelogenin protein
Pulsars with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
The Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) is a 36-element
array with a 30-square-degree field of view being built at the proposed SKA
site in Western Australia. We are conducting a Design Study for pulsar
observations with ASKAP, planning both timing and search observations. We
provide an overview of the ASKAP telescope and an update on pulsar-related
progress.Comment: To appear in proceedings of "Radio Pulsars: An astrophysical key to
unlock the secrets of the Universe
Wall-crossing, open BPS counting and matrix models
We consider wall-crossing phenomena associated to the counting of D2-branes
attached to D4-branes wrapping lagrangian cycles in Calabi-Yau manifolds, both
from M-theory and matrix model perspective. Firstly, from M-theory viewpoint,
we review that open BPS generating functions in various chambers are given by a
restriction of the modulus square of the open topological string partition
functions. Secondly, we show that these BPS generating functions can be
identified with integrands of matrix models, which naturally arise in the free
fermion formulation of corresponding crystal models. A parameter specifying a
choice of an open BPS chamber has a natural, geometric interpretation in the
crystal model. These results extend previously known relations between open
topological string amplitudes and matrix models to include chamber dependence.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures, published versio
An overview of Viscosity Solutions of Path-Dependent PDEs
This paper provides an overview of the recently developed notion of viscosity
solutions of path-dependent partial di erential equations. We start by a quick
review of the Crandall- Ishii notion of viscosity solutions, so as to motivate
the relevance of our de nition in the path-dependent case. We focus on the
wellposedness theory of such equations. In partic- ular, we provide a simple
presentation of the current existence and uniqueness arguments in the
semilinear case. We also review the stability property of this notion of
solutions, in- cluding the adaptation of the Barles-Souganidis monotonic scheme
approximation method. Our results rely crucially on the theory of optimal
stopping under nonlinear expectation. In the dominated case, we provide a
self-contained presentation of all required results. The fully nonlinear case
is more involved and is addressed in [12]
Stochastic Cellular Automata Model for Stock Market Dynamics
In the present work we introduce a stochastic cellular automata model in
order to simulate the dynamics of the stock market. A direct percolation method
is used to create a hierarchy of clusters of active traders on a two
dimensional grid. Active traders are characterised by the decision to buy,
(+1), or sell, (-1), a stock at a certain discrete time step. The remaining
cells are inactive,(0). The trading dynamics is then determined by the
stochastic interaction between traders belonging to the same cluster. Most of
the stylized aspects of the financial market time series are reproduced by the
model.Comment: 17 pages and 7 figure
First observation of bulk magnetic scattering using high-energy X-rays
Today, the most powerful methods for theinvestigation of magnetic structures are magnetic neutrondiffraction and synchrotron-X-ray scattering in the energyrange 3-15 keV. This paper reports the first successful experimentto exploit a new technique: the magnetic diffractionof hard X-rays with energies exceeding 80 keV. Thistechnique combines some of the advantages of eachof the aforementioned methods: namely high Q-spaceresolution (10 -4 /~-1 radial and 10 -5 A -1 tangential) andbulk sensitivity (absorption length >> 1 mm). It is shownthat, compared to nominally 10 keV X-ray scattering,enhancement factors of several orders of magnitude canbe obtained for the magnetic signal, owing to the increasein penetration depth. The magnetic cross section for thesevery hard X-rays is discussed, the new technique iscompared with the existing methods and a preliminaryexperiment on MnF2 is reporte
Chern-Simons Invariants of Torus Links
We compute the vacuum expectation values of torus knot operators in
Chern-Simons theory, and we obtain explicit formulae for all classical gauge
groups and for arbitrary representations. We reproduce a known formula for the
HOMFLY invariants of torus links and we obtain an analogous formula for
Kauffman invariants. We also derive a formula for cable knots. We use our
results to test a recently proposed conjecture that relates HOMFLY and Kauffman
invariants.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures; v2: minor changes, version submitted to AHP. The
final publication is available at
http://www.springerlink.com/content/a2614232873l76h6
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