Ostatci β-laktamskih i tetraciklinskih antibiotika u kravljem mlijeku na području Konstantina, Alžir

The aim of the present study was to investigate the βeta-lactam and tetracycline antibiotic residues in cow milk samples. A total of 122 samples of cow milk were collected from raw milk collectors (109 samples) and from a reconstituted pasteurized milk sales clerk (13 samples) in the Constantine region, Algeria and examined using the ΒetaStar Combo screening kit (Neogen, USA). Results indicates that 13 samples (10.66%) were positive for antibiotics residues: 12 (9.84%) for βeta-lactams (ten (8.20%) raw and two (1.64%) pasteurized milk samples) and only one (0.82%) for tetracyclines in a raw milk sample. It is evident that the Algerian consumer is not sheltered from the danger of antibiotic residues in milk and these inhibitor residues should constitute a constant concern for the dairy industry in Algeria. A control programme should be established.Cilj je ove studije bio ispitati ostatke β-laktamskih i tetraciklinskih antibiotika u uzorcima kravljeg mlijeka. U tu su svrhu prikupljena 122 uzorka kravljeg mlijeka od otkupljivača sirovog mlijeka (109 uzoraka) i od prodavača rekonstituiranog pasteriziranog mlijeka (13 uzoraka) na području Konstantina u Alžiru, a ispitani su pomoću ΒetaStar Combo kompleta za testiranje (Neogen, SAD). Rezultati su pokazali da je od svih analiziranih uzoraka trinaest (10,66 %) bilo pozitivno na ostatke antibiotika, dvanaest (9,84 %) na β-laktame (deset (8,20 %) sirovog mlijeka i dva (1,64 %) pasteriziranog mlijeka) i samo jedan uzorak (0,82 %) na tetracikline u sirovog mlijeka. Očito je da alžirski potrošači mlijeka nisu zaštićeni od opasnosti ostataka antibiotika u mlijeku pa bi ostatci tih inhibitora trebali biti razlog zabrinutosti za mliječnu industriju u Alžiru te je potrebno uspostaviti jači program kontrole

Analiza utjecaja faktora rizika na pojavnost subkliničkog mastitisa na nekim farmama mliječnih krava na istoku Alžira

In order to study the effect of various risk factors on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis, we studied the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in 104 dairy cows (416 udders) from 18 bovine herds in three wilayas in eastern of Algeria using the California mastitis test (CMT) combined with bacteriological analysis. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of 27 risk factors related to the animal, its environment and milking practices on prevalence, as well as the effects of breed, age, stage of lactation, housing and litter type, hygiene level, season, mil production, vacuum level and elimination of first jets on subclinical mastitis frequency. A survey was carried out to collect data on cow numbers, breeds, type of breeding, housing, litter and the level of hygiene in farms, the method of milking and milking practices. The CMT combined with bacteriological examination was performed to detect subclinical mastitis, the Chi 2 test was used to test for difference between the means. Prevalence values were: 24% by CMT vs 17% by bacteriology analysis. Concerning udders, we recorded a rate of 10% vs. 8.7% respectively. The results of the survey show that the Holstein breed is the most exploited and affected (P<0.05). The number of dairy cows varied from 3 to 20 cows. In this study, 56% of cows were raised on farms built of cinder blocks, which had a lower rate compared to farms built of wood and reeds (P<0.001). Animal housing consisting of a concrete floor 33% vs. 36% raised with straw bedding and were more affected (P<0.001), litter is removed only once a day for 13% of cows, which is a factor that predisposes cows to this disease. The frequency is higher during early and late compared to mid-lactation phases (P<0.05); low udder conformation and the right side of udders also had an impact on this disease alongside animal hygiene (P<0.05), and cattle producing more than 12 litres per day were more susceptible (P<0.05). However, the frequency of mastitis was only slightly modified by the lactation number of cows. High and low vacuum level of milking machines and pulsation frequency predisposed cows more to this disease (P<0.05). In this study, cows milked manually were significantly more affected (P<0.05) particularly in summer and the winter, showing high rates (P<0.05).Da bismo uočili učinak različitih faktora rizika na prevalenciju subkliničkog mastitisa, ispitali smo prevalenciju subkliničkog mastitisa u 104 (416 vimena) mliječnih krava iz 18 stada goveda koja se uzgajaju u tri provincije (wilaya) u istočnom Alžiru. Ispitivanje smo proveli pomoću kalifornijskog testa za mastitis (CMT) u kombinaciji s bakteriološkom analizom. Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio utvrditi učinak 27 faktora rizika povezanih sa životinjama, njihovim okolišem i praksom mužnje na prevalenciju, kao i učinak pasmine, dobi, faze laktacije, vrste staje i stelje, razine higijene, godišnjeg doba, proizvodnje mlijeka, razine vakuuma i eliminacije prvih mlazova na učestalost subkliničkog mastitisa. Provedena je anketa u svrhu prikupljanja podataka o broju krava, eksploatiranim pasminama, vrsti uzgoja, staje, stelje i razini higijene na farmama, metodi mužnje i praksom mužnje. Proveden je CMT test u kombinaciji s bakteriološkim testiranjem za detekciju subkliničkog mastitisa. Chi 2 test je rabljen da bi se provjerila razlika između sredstava. Vrijednosti prevalencije bile su: 24 % prema CMT-u u usporedbi sa 17 % prema bakteriološkoj analizi. U svezi s vimenima, zabilježili smo stopu od 10 % u usporedbi s 8,7 %. Rezultati ankete pokazali su da je holstein pasmina najeksploatiranija i najviše zahvaćena (P<0,05); broj mliječnih krava varira od 3 do 20 krava. U ovoj studiji 56 % krava uzgajano je na farmama izgrađenima od opeke i one su imale najniže stope mastitisa u usporedbi s farmama izgrađenima od drva i trske (P<0,001). Staje za životinje imaju betonski pod za 33 % (životinja) u usporedbi s 36 % uzgajanih na podlozi od slame koje su bile više zahvaćene (P<0,001); stelja se podiže jednom na dan za 13 % krava, a to je uvjetovalo krave na ovu bolest. U usporedbi sa sredinom laktacije (P<0,05) učestalost je veća u ranoj i kasnoj laktaciji, niska morfologija vimena i desna strana vimena su utjecale su i na ovu bolest, uz higijenu životinja (P<0,05). Krave koje su proizvodile više od 12 L/dan bile su prijemčivije na bolest (P<0,05). Međutim, učestalost mastitisa malo je modificirana brojem laktacija krava. Visoki i niski vakuum strojeva za mužnju, učestalost impulsa više je uvjetovalo krave na ovu bolest (P<0,05). U ovoj studiji, krave koje su ručno mužene značajno su više bile pogođene ovom bolesti (P<0,05), posebice ljeti i zimi, pokazujući veće stope bolesti (P<0,05)

Giant cell reparative granuloma of the hallux following enchondroma

Giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG) is a rare, benign intra osseous lytic lesion occurring especially in gnathis bone but also seen in feet and hands. It has similar clinical and radiological presentations than giant cell tumor, chondroblastoma, aneurysmal bone cyst, and hyperparathyroidism brown tumors but with specific histological findings We report a case of a GCRG of hallux phalanx in 18 years old patient appearing many years after enchondroma curettage and grafting. Radiographs showed a multiloculated osteolytic lesions involving whole phalanx with cortical thinning and without fluid-fluid levels in CT view. Expected to be an enchondroma recurrence, second biopsy confirmed diagnosis of GCRG with specific histological findings. Although if aetiopathogeny remains unknown, GCRG is reported to be a local non neoplasic reaction to an intraosseous hemorrhage. Our exceptional case claims that this tumor can appear in reaction to cellular disturbance primary or secondary

Psychosocial Effects and Use of Communication Technologies during Home Confinement in the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy and The Netherlands

(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic forced people from all around the globe to strongly modify their daily routines, putting a significant strain on the social aspects of daily lives. While the first wave of the pandemic was a very challenging time in all countries, it is still uncertain whether various lockdown intensities and infection rates differed regarding their psychosocial impact. This work therefore aimed to investigate (i) the psychosocial effects of home confinement in two European countries that underwent different lockdown intensities: Italy and the Netherlands and (ii) the role of communication technology in relation to feelings of loneliness. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional online survey inquiring about different psychosocial variables and the use of and satisfaction towards communication technology was circulated among the general public during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 629 participants (66% female, 68% from the Netherlands) answered each question twice, referring to “before” and “during” the pandemic. (3) Results: We found significant negative effects of COVID-19 home confinement on depressive feelings (p < 0.001, %∆ = +54%), loneliness (p < 0.001, %∆ = +37.3%), life satisfaction (p < 0.001, %∆ = −19.8%) and mental wellbeing (p < 0.001, %∆ = −10.6%) which were accompanied with a significantly increased need for psychosocial support (p < 0.001, %∆ = +17.3%). However, the magnitude of psychosocial impact did not significantly differ between residents undergoing a more intense (Italy) versus a less intense (Netherlands) lockdown, although the decrease in social participation was found to be significantly different for both countries (z = −7.714, p < 0.001). Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that the increase in loneliness was associated with the adoption of new digital communication tools (r = 0.21, p < 0.001), and significantly higher for individuals who started to adopt at least one new digital communication tool during confinement than for those who did not (z = −4.252, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: This study highlights that, although COVID-19 home confinement significantly impacted psychosocial wellbeing during the first wave of the pandemic, this impact did not differ based on lockdown intensity. Recognizing the increasing adoption of digital communication technology in an attempt to reduce lockdown loneliness, future studies should investigate what is needed from the technology to achieve this effect

Does observance of Ramadan affect sleep in athletes and physically active individuals? A systematic review and meta-analysis

This article presents a systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide an accurate description of the effect of Ramadan observance on sleep duration, sleep quality, daily nap duration, and daytime sleepiness in athletes and physically active individuals

Preliminary investigation of the antimicrobial and mechanisms of resistance of Enterobacteria isolated from minced meat in the Northeast of Algeria: The case of butchers from Constantine

peer-reviewedFood products of animal origin such as fresh meat are easily contaminated by microorganisms if handling, processing and storage conditions are not fully respected. The present study aimed first to evaluate the bacterial load and microbial contamination rates of ground raw beef to identify the main pathogenic flora that dominate and second, to determine the resistance patterns and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of isolated Gram-negative strains against certain families of antibiotics. Therefore, 39 samples have been collected from 5 butcher shops located in Constantine province in the North-East of Algeria. The samples were analysed for total bacterial count, presence of total and faecal coliforms, Staphylococci and Salmonella. Furthermore, 23 antibiotics were tested using the diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar, towards 22 strains isolates. Bacterial analyses showed a high contamination by total aerobic bacteria, total and faecal coliforms. Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Hafnia alvei, Salmonella pullorum and Staphylococcus spp (except Staphylococcus aureus) were further revealed in some samples. The results of the antibiogram test exhibit multi-resistance to more than eight antibiotics with varied effects. From the whole tested strains isolates, the fully susceptibility effect was for spectinomycin (SPT). This study reveals that the analysed minced meat was found to be highly contaminated with antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study allows concluding that appropriate use of antibiotics in compliance with good hygiene practices is essential to reduce the antibiotic resistance identified in this preliminary study

Effects of pomegranate juice supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers following weightlifting exercise

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that pomegranate juice supplementation would blunt acute and delayed oxidative stress responses after a weightlifting training session. Nine elite weightlifters (21.0 ±1 years) performed two Olympic-Weightlifting sessions after ingesting either the placebo or pomegranate juice supplements. Venous blood samples were collected at rest and 3 min and 48 h after each session. Compared to the placebo condition, pomegranate juice supplementation attenuated the increase in malondialdehyde (-12.5%; p < 0.01) and enhanced the enzymatic (+8.6% for catalase and +6.8% for glutathione peroxidase; p < 0.05) and non-enzymatic (+12.6% for uric acid and +5.7% for total bilirubin; p < 0.01) antioxidant responses shortly (3 min) after completion of the training session. Additionally, during the 48 h recovery period, pomegranate juice supplementation accelerated (p < 0.05) the recovery kinetics of the malondialdehyde (5.6%) and the enzymatic antioxidant defenses compared to the placebo condition (9 to 10%). In conclusion, supplementation with pomegranate juice has the potential to attenuate oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant responses assessed acutely and up to 48 h following an intensive weightlifting training session. Therefore, elite weightlifters might benefit from blunted oxidative stress responses following intensive weightlifting sessions, which could have implications for recovery between training sessions

Heat transfer study of convective fin with temperature-dependent internal heat generation by hybrid block method

Purpose: In this study, an implicit one‐step hybrid block method using two off‐step points involving the presence of a third derivative for solving second‐order boundary value problems are subjected to Dirichlet‐mixed conditions. Methodology: To derive this method, the approximate power series solution is interpolated at urn:x-wiley:10992871:media:htj21428:htj21428-math-0001 while its second and third derivatives are collocated at all points urn:x-wiley:10992871:media:htj21428:htj21428-math-0002 on the integrated interval of approximation. Findings: The new derived method not only performs better compared with the existing methods when solving the same problems but also obtains better properties of the numerical method. Afterward, the proposed method is applied to solve the problem of a convective fin with temperature‐dependent internal heat generation. The effects of various physical parameters on temperature distribution are also examined