13 research outputs found

    Early, far-field and diffuse tectonics records in the North Aquitaine Basin (France)

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    In Western Europe, the deformations related to the opening of the Bay of Biscay and the formation of the Pyrenean belt are well described in the southern part of the Aquitaine Basin, but little is known about the impact of these geodynamic events towards the Northern Aquitaine Platform. In this paper, we combine field observation with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery and calcite U-Pb geochronology to determine precisely the tectonic evolution in the Vendée Coastal domain. We evidence two main tectonic events: (1) At the transition between the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, WNW-ESE striking normal faults formed horsts and grabens at the onset of the opening of the Bay of Biscay. The reactivation of Variscan faults during this tectonic event is consistent with oblique extension. This event triggered ascending fluid flows that mix with Basin fluids responsible for barite-pyrite-quartz mineralizations near the unconformity. (2) During the Late Cretaceous, fractures, wide-open folds, veins, and joints are consistent with the N-S shortening direction during the earliest stages of the Pyrenenan compression. In both cases, the Northern Aquitaine Platform records the early stages of the main regional tectonic events in a far-field position. In the northern Aquitaine Basin, as in many other places in Europe, the tectonic study of sedimentary platforms located far from the plate boundaries provides new constraints on the early diffuse deformation process that predate the main tectonic phases

    Les minĂ©ralisations hydrothermales Ă  l’interface socle-couverture de VendĂ©e : origines et circulation des fluides, marqueurs de la dynamique extensive mĂ©sozoĂŻque

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    Many hydrothermal mineral resources are located at the unconformity between the basement and sedimentary cover. The processes of formation of these mineralizations are still widely debated, including the source of elements, the origin of the carrying fluids, and the mechanisms of their circulation in the geodynamic context. This thesis work focuses on the F-Ba-Pb-Zn±Ag mineralizations in VendĂ©e (France), deposited near the unconformity between the Variscan basement and the sediments of the Aquitaine Basin. It aims to better constrain the origin of fluids, the modes of their circulation, and the source of elements.To determine the fluid circulation mechanisms, a petro-structural study assisted by drone imaging was conducted on the VendĂ©e coastline between Les Sables-d'Olonne and Jard-Sur-Mer. The results demonstrate that the mineralizations formed during an NNE-SSO extensional tectonic event related to the opening of the Bay of Biscay. The associated fracturing, responsible for the structuring into horsts and grabens at the unconformity and the drainage of mineralizing fluids, is dated at 144.1±26.2 Ma (U-Pb on calcite). A second tectonic episode disconnected from the previous one is detected in relation to the Pyrenean orogeny (≈70-80 Ma).The identification of fluids and their origins was carried out through microthermometric study of fluid inclusions, their ÎŽD-ÎŽ18O isotopes, and the ÎŽ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, ÎŽ13C, ÎŽ18O isotopes of minerals. Microthermometric analysis of fluid inclusions in the mineralizations confirms the mixing of three different fluids: (1) a basin brine (T20 wt.%NaCl), (2) fluids from the basement (T>300 °C; S20 pds.%NaCl), (2) des fluides provenant du socle (T>300 °C ; S<10 pds.%NaCl) et (3) une eau de mer (T<50 °C ; S<5 pds.%NaCl). Les signatures isotopiques des inclusions fluides (ÎŽD-ÎŽ18O) et des minĂ©raux (ÎŽ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, ÎŽ13C- ÎŽ18O) montrent que la saumure dĂ©rive des Ă©vaporites du Jurassique infĂ©rieur de la base du bassin, que les fluides de socle sont des palĂ©o-eaux mĂ©tĂ©oriques avec un temps de rĂ©sidence long (probablement piĂ©gĂ©e au Permien) et que l’eau de mer est contemporaine de l’ouverture du Golfe de Gascogne. L’étude paragĂ©nĂ©tique prĂ©alable a permis d’établir six Ă©tapes successives de prĂ©cipitation : par dissĂ©mination (fluorine et barytine) et silicification dans la couverture, puis en remplissage de cavitĂ©s et de fractures (fluorine, barytine, quartz, pyrite ±galĂšne et calcite).Afin de dĂ©finir la source des Ă©lĂ©ments des minĂ©ralisations, des analyses gĂ©ochimiques ont Ă©tĂ© conduites. L’étude gĂ©ochimique des roches altĂ©rĂ©es et des Ă©lĂ©ments traces du quartz rĂ©vĂšlent un mĂ©canisme de transfert efficace de Ba, Sr, SiO2, Pb, Sb, Ag, Li, K depuis l’altĂ©ration par les saumures des minĂ©raux du socle tel que le plagioclase, le microcline ou la biotite jusqu’aux zones de prĂ©cipitations proches de failles.Ces rĂ©sultats permettent de proposer un modĂšle gĂ©nĂ©tique pour les minĂ©ralisations de VendĂ©e. Une saumure de base de bassin remonte le long de la discordance. Sur son passage, elle altĂšre le socle mobilisant les Ă©lĂ©ments nĂ©cessaires aux minĂ©ralisations. L’initiation de l’ouverture du Golfe de Gascogne et la fracturation associĂ©e, entraine une remontĂ©e de fluides du socle et un drainage d’eau de mer. Le mĂ©lange des trois fluides permet ainsi la prĂ©cipitation des minĂ©ralisations Ă  la rencontre de la discordance et des failles

    Les minĂ©ralisations hydrothermales Ă  l’interface socle-couverture de VendĂ©e : origines et circulation des fluides, marqueurs de la dynamique extensive mĂ©sozoĂŻque

    No full text
    Many hydrothermal mineral resources are located at the unconformity between the basement and sedimentary cover. The processes of formation of these mineralizations are still widely debated, including the source of elements, the origin of the carrying fluids, and the mechanisms of their circulation in the geodynamic context. This thesis work focuses on the F-Ba-Pb-Zn±Ag mineralizations in VendĂ©e (France), deposited near the unconformity between the Variscan basement and the sediments of the Aquitaine Basin. It aims to better constrain the origin of fluids, the modes of their circulation, and the source of elements.To determine the fluid circulation mechanisms, a petro-structural study assisted by drone imaging was conducted on the VendĂ©e coastline between Les Sables-d'Olonne and Jard-Sur-Mer. The results demonstrate that the mineralizations formed during an NNE-SSO extensional tectonic event related to the opening of the Bay of Biscay. The associated fracturing, responsible for the structuring into horsts and grabens at the unconformity and the drainage of mineralizing fluids, is dated at 144.1±26.2 Ma (U-Pb on calcite). A second tectonic episode disconnected from the previous one is detected in relation to the Pyrenean orogeny (≈70-80 Ma).The identification of fluids and their origins was carried out through microthermometric study of fluid inclusions, their ÎŽD-ÎŽ18O isotopes, and the ÎŽ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, ÎŽ13C, ÎŽ18O isotopes of minerals. Microthermometric analysis of fluid inclusions in the mineralizations confirms the mixing of three different fluids: (1) a basin brine (T20 wt.%NaCl), (2) fluids from the basement (T>300 °C; S20 pds.%NaCl), (2) des fluides provenant du socle (T>300 °C ; S<10 pds.%NaCl) et (3) une eau de mer (T<50 °C ; S<5 pds.%NaCl). Les signatures isotopiques des inclusions fluides (ÎŽD-ÎŽ18O) et des minĂ©raux (ÎŽ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, ÎŽ13C- ÎŽ18O) montrent que la saumure dĂ©rive des Ă©vaporites du Jurassique infĂ©rieur de la base du bassin, que les fluides de socle sont des palĂ©o-eaux mĂ©tĂ©oriques avec un temps de rĂ©sidence long (probablement piĂ©gĂ©e au Permien) et que l’eau de mer est contemporaine de l’ouverture du Golfe de Gascogne. L’étude paragĂ©nĂ©tique prĂ©alable a permis d’établir six Ă©tapes successives de prĂ©cipitation : par dissĂ©mination (fluorine et barytine) et silicification dans la couverture, puis en remplissage de cavitĂ©s et de fractures (fluorine, barytine, quartz, pyrite ±galĂšne et calcite).Afin de dĂ©finir la source des Ă©lĂ©ments des minĂ©ralisations, des analyses gĂ©ochimiques ont Ă©tĂ© conduites. L’étude gĂ©ochimique des roches altĂ©rĂ©es et des Ă©lĂ©ments traces du quartz rĂ©vĂšlent un mĂ©canisme de transfert efficace de Ba, Sr, SiO2, Pb, Sb, Ag, Li, K depuis l’altĂ©ration par les saumures des minĂ©raux du socle tel que le plagioclase, le microcline ou la biotite jusqu’aux zones de prĂ©cipitations proches de failles.Ces rĂ©sultats permettent de proposer un modĂšle gĂ©nĂ©tique pour les minĂ©ralisations de VendĂ©e. Une saumure de base de bassin remonte le long de la discordance. Sur son passage, elle altĂšre le socle mobilisant les Ă©lĂ©ments nĂ©cessaires aux minĂ©ralisations. L’initiation de l’ouverture du Golfe de Gascogne et la fracturation associĂ©e, entraine une remontĂ©e de fluides du socle et un drainage d’eau de mer. Le mĂ©lange des trois fluides permet ainsi la prĂ©cipitation des minĂ©ralisations Ă  la rencontre de la discordance et des failles

    Horizontal and vertical fluid flows as a key control of ore deposition at the basement/cover unconformity: insight from drone imagery of the Vendée coast, France

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    International audienceBasement/cover interfaces are important transfer zones for hydrothermal fluids responsible for ore deposition, such as U and Pb-Zn deposits. Unconformities are peculiarly mixing zone where basement-derived fluids encounter sedimentary- and/or meteoric-derived fluids; leading to precipitation of these ores. Fluids are channelized by permeability contrast, i.e. impermeable barriers, until being trapped in porous units, i.e. intrinsic porosity and/or secondary porosity (dissolution and karstification process). In this configuration fracturing channelize the fluid flow by breaking impermeable barriers allowing external fluids to enter and react with the rocks (precipitation and/or dissolution). In this way, structural studies are crucial to highlight the fracture network and the potential of geological units to be good reservoirs.In France, many occurrences of sediment-hosted deposits are known in Mesozoic basins (i.e. Aquitaine and Paris Basin) especially above the Variscan basement (Morvan district, SW Massif Central district, Poitou High district). The Vendée coast deposit (South Armorican Massif, France) is known for two Pb-Zn(-Ag) occurrences located in Liassic sediments overlying the Variscan basement. Previous works show that, during the Upper Jurassic extensional event (NNE-SSW horizontal stretching), the ore deposition results from the mixing of two different fluids: (1) low temperature brines following a horizontal path from evaporite to basin borders within Liassic sediments along the unconformity, (2) a high temperature and low salinity fluid rising up through the basement from several kilometres depth by a probable vertical pathway.However, the permeability architecture leading to such mixing remains poorly constrained. The Vendée ore deposits present favourable outcrop conditions to study the structural control of the fluid plumbing system along the basement/cover unconformity. Structural studies assisted by drone imagery coupled with the characterization of the alteration-mineralization pattern show that:(1) Horizontal path for basin brines is controlled by the impermeable barrier of the Toarcien layer overlying Liassic hosting karsts.(2) Vertical path of basement-derived fluids is enhanced by new faults and inherited fractures, respectively generated and reopened by the Jurassic extension.(3) Relative abundance of faults and veins in the Liassic sedimentary cover and the basement is consistent with a mechanical decoupling in a context of fluid overpressure

    Contribution des méthodes d'imagerie drone à l'étude des bassins fracturés : application à la plate-forme mésozoïque nord-Aquitaine.

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    National audienceDans les bassins sĂ©dimentaires, la connaissance du rĂ©seau de fractures et de la maniĂšre dont il s'est dĂ©veloppĂ© au cours du temps permettent de mieux contraindre les conditions actuelles de migration des fluides (eaux, saumures, hydrocarbures, CO2). Bien que souvent associĂ©s aux donnĂ©es de reconnaissances (sismique 3D, forages...), ces rĂ©seaux peuvent Ă©galement ĂȘtre observĂ©s et caractĂ©risĂ©s Ă  partir d'affleurements sur le terrain. Les surfaces stratigraphiques, en particulier, font l'objet d'un nombre croissant d'Ă©tudes avec le dĂ©veloppement de l'imagerie Ă  haute rĂ©solution Ă  partir de drone. L'objectif de cette Ă©tude est de caractĂ©riser le rĂ©seau de fracturation de la partie nord du bassin Aquitain afin de reconnaĂźtre les principaux Ă©pisodes de fracturations. Pour cela, des ortho-images drone ont Ă©tĂ© acquises sur le littoral Atlantique entre la VendĂ©e et la Charente Maritime. L'Ăąge des terrains varient depuis l'Hettangien au nord jusqu'au Tithonien au sud. Cet enregistrement sĂ©dimentaire permet potentiellement d'estimer l'Ăąge des dĂ©formations sur l'intervalle 200-150 Ma Ă  l'aide des critĂšres de chronologie relative. Cette approche est complĂ©tĂ©e par datation U/Pb sur cristaux de calcite qui remplissent certaines populations de fractures. Les premiers rĂ©sultats mettent en Ă©vidence une pĂ©riode de calme tectonique entre 200 et 150 Ma, suivie par deux phases d'ouverture de fractures orientĂ©es E-W Ă  la fin du Jurassique et au milieu du CrĂ©tacĂ© supĂ©rieur. Localement, une reprise en compression selon une direction NNW-SSE recoupe l'ensemble des fractures en ouverture et est attribuĂ©e Ă  la propagation en champ lointain de contraintes PyrĂ©nĂ©ennes

    Contribution des méthodes d'imagerie drone à l'étude des bassins fracturés : application à la plate-forme mésozoïque nord-Aquitaine.

    No full text
    National audienceDans les bassins sĂ©dimentaires, la connaissance du rĂ©seau de fractures et de la maniĂšre dont il s'est dĂ©veloppĂ© au cours du temps permettent de mieux contraindre les conditions actuelles de migration des fluides (eaux, saumures, hydrocarbures, CO2). Bien que souvent associĂ©s aux donnĂ©es de reconnaissances (sismique 3D, forages...), ces rĂ©seaux peuvent Ă©galement ĂȘtre observĂ©s et caractĂ©risĂ©s Ă  partir d'affleurements sur le terrain. Les surfaces stratigraphiques, en particulier, font l'objet d'un nombre croissant d'Ă©tudes avec le dĂ©veloppement de l'imagerie Ă  haute rĂ©solution Ă  partir de drone. L'objectif de cette Ă©tude est de caractĂ©riser le rĂ©seau de fracturation de la partie nord du bassin Aquitain afin de reconnaĂźtre les principaux Ă©pisodes de fracturations. Pour cela, des ortho-images drone ont Ă©tĂ© acquises sur le littoral Atlantique entre la VendĂ©e et la Charente Maritime. L'Ăąge des terrains varient depuis l'Hettangien au nord jusqu'au Tithonien au sud. Cet enregistrement sĂ©dimentaire permet potentiellement d'estimer l'Ăąge des dĂ©formations sur l'intervalle 200-150 Ma Ă  l'aide des critĂšres de chronologie relative. Cette approche est complĂ©tĂ©e par datation U/Pb sur cristaux de calcite qui remplissent certaines populations de fractures. Les premiers rĂ©sultats mettent en Ă©vidence une pĂ©riode de calme tectonique entre 200 et 150 Ma, suivie par deux phases d'ouverture de fractures orientĂ©es E-W Ă  la fin du Jurassique et au milieu du CrĂ©tacĂ© supĂ©rieur. Localement, une reprise en compression selon une direction NNW-SSE recoupe l'ensemble des fractures en ouverture et est attribuĂ©e Ă  la propagation en champ lointain de contraintes PyrĂ©nĂ©ennes

    Early, far-field and diffuse tectonics records in the North Aquitaine Basin (France)

    No full text
    In Western Europe, the deformations related to the opening of the Bay of Biscay and the formation of the Pyrenean belt are well described in the southern part of the Aquitaine basin, but little is known about the impact of these geodynamic events towards the Northern Aquitaine Platform. In this paper, we combine field observation with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery and calcite U-Pb geochronology to determine precisely the tectonic evolution in the Vendée Coastal domain. We evidence two main tectonic events: (1) At the transition between the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, WNW-ESE striking normal faults formed horsts and grabens at the onset of the opening of the Bay of Biscay. The reactivation of Variscan faults during this tectonic event is consistent with oblique extension. This event triggered ascending fluid flows that mix with basin fluids responsible for baritepyrite-quartz mineralizations near the unconformity. (2) During the Late Cretaceous, fractures, wide-open folds, veins, and joints are consistent with the N-S shortening direction during the earliest stages of the Pyrenenan compression. In both cases, the Northern Aquitaine Platform records the early stages of the main regional tectonic events in a far-field position. In the northern Aquitaine Basin, as in many other places in Europe, the tectonic study of sedimentary platforms located far from the plate boundaries provides new constraints on the early diffuse deformation process that predate the main tectonic phases
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