Optimization of CWPO for the Crystal violet and Methyl orange dyes degradation in the presence of copper-impregnated Moroccan clay catalysts

: Effectively removing textile dyes from wastewater is a challenging task that requires attention. This study explored the potential of copper-impregnated Moroccan clay (Cu@MC) as a catalyst to degrade the synthetic dyes Crystal Violet (CV) and Methyl Orange (MeO) from simulated wastewater using the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) technique. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Moroccan natural resources impregnated with a noble metal to facilitate the degradation process. To characterize the main surface functions of Cu@MC, several techniques were used, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy-dispersive X-rays (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and BET. Box Behnken's response surface methodology was used to optimize CWPO conditions, including catalyst dose, dye concentration, and hydrogen peroxide. The proposed models were significant, according to statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the Box Behnken design showed the highest removal efficiencies of 99.72% and 29.80% of CV and MeO, respectively. This result was achieved under optimum conditions of 0.75 g L⁻¹ catalyst dose, 20 mg L⁻¹ dye concentration, at a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 6 mmol L⁻¹. Overall, the study revealed that the Cu@MC catalyst has a high potential for effectively removing textile dyes from wastewater using the CWPO technique. The study highlights a promising strategy for developing effective and efficient wastewater treatment methods

Assessing the potency of oral polio vaccine kept outside of the cold chain during a national immunization campaign in Chad

This study is the first systematic documentation of the potency of monovalent oral polio vaccine type 3 (mOPV3) kept at ambient temperatures during a polio immunization campaign in Chad. During the study test vials were exposed to temperatures of up to 47.1 degrees C, and kept outside of the 2-8 degrees C range for a maximum of 86.9 hours. Post-campaign laboratory testing confirmed that the test vials were still potent, and in conformity with the defined release specifications. Further, the Vaccine Vial Monitors performed as expected, giving an early warning indication of when cumulative exposure to heat reached levels that may have negatively affected the vaccine&#039;s potency. This study provides proof-of-concept evidence that certain types of OPV remain potent and thus can be kept, for limited periods of time, as well as administered at ambient temperatures</p

Integrating market chain assessments with zoonoses risk analysis in two cross-border pig value chains in Lao PDR

Objective Lao PDR’s recent accession to the World Trade Organization necessitates a greater understanding of the patterns and risk of livestock production in order to better align national policy with the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. This eco-health study was conducted to improve understanding of the interrelations between market chains and zoonotic infection risks at two strategic cross border points between Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam. Methods Information gained from smallholder farmer/trader interviews was integrated with serological surveys for pig-associated zoonoses—including hepatitis E virus (HEV), Taenia solium (T. solium) and trichinella—to identify potential linkages between disease risk and pig production and slaughter in low input systems common across the country. Results Trichinella and HEV exposure was high in both humans and pigs in both study areas, significantly associated with pig slaughter and the subsequent consumption and handling of raw pork products. T. solium demonstrated a strong geographical and ethnic association with the northern study area bordering Vietnam. With the right knowledge and accessible, affordable inputs, the majority of smallholder farmers indicated a willingness to invest more in pig production, which could simultaneously improve livelihoods and decrease exposure to HEV, Trichinella, and T. solium through increased access to formal markets and an improved slaughter processes. Conclusion The linkages identified when assessing disease risk in the context of potential economic and cultural drivers of transmission highlight the importance of a systems-based approach for the detection and control of zoonotic disease, and contributes to an improved understanding of the Lao PDR livestock sector