Frecuencia del maltrato y homicidio infantil en Medellín (Colombia)

Introducción: El maltrato y el homicidio infantil se destacan dentro del espectro de la violencia intrafamiliar por las consecuencias severas que generan en la salud, el desarrollo socioeconómico de una región y en la calidad de vida de los menores y sus familiares. Objetivo: Caracterizar el maltrato físico, sexual y los homicidios ejercidos hacia los niños y niñas menores de doce años, ocurridos en el contexto familiar en Medellín, Colombia, durante 2010-2015. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo de la ocurrencia de los eventos violentos intrafamiliares en menores de doce años atendidos por el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses en la ciudad de Medellín. Resultados: Se reportaron 3 519 casos de maltrato físico y sexual infligido a menores de doce años dentro del contexto familiar. 56,9 % de los hechos corresponden a maltrato sexual, siendo las mujeres las principales víctimas de este tipo de abuso; por su parte los hombres fueron los más afectados por maltrato físico. Los menores entre los seis y once años son los más maltratados. Se reportaron nueve casos de homicidio, de los cuales siete fueron cometidos contra mujeres y cinco de estos fueron perpetrados por el padrastro de las víctimas. Conclusiones: El maltrato infantil intrafamiliar ha sido un problema persistente en la ciudad de Medellín, y esto lo demuestra el alto número de casos registrados. No obstante, aunque los reportes de homicidio infantil han sido pocos, no se deben subestimar dada la importancia y las grandes consecuencias que esto presenta para la sociedad

Características psicológicas, estilos de vida y hábitos alimentarios en estudiantes universitarios en Medellín, Colombia.

Introduction: There is a relationship between psychological characteristics such as anxiety, fear, and sadness, with lifestyles and eating habits, specifically in the university population. Objective: To describe the psychological characteristics, lifestyles and eating habits of first-semester students at a private university in Medellín, Colombia during the years 2015-2018. Material and method: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study, from secondary sources and with an analytical tendency. The data obtained from an ad hoc questionnaire applied to first-semester students from a private university were taken that investigated their perception of some psychological characteristics, lifestyles and eating habits. Results: A statistically significant association was found between suicidal ideation and meat consumption, as well as sugar consumption with the presence of fear. Proportionally inverse relationship between fruit consumption and the presence of anxiety and sadness. Conclusions: These statistics are of great relevance because they show the need to create plans and projects focused on improving the life habits of students who are beginning to enter university life, since their development will depend on this during their career. Diets low in fat and sugars, but rich in fruits and vegetables, are recommended as elements that can reduce the presence of problems related to mental health.Introducción: existe una relación entre características psicológicas como la ansiedad, el miedo y la tristeza, con los estilos de vida y los hábitos de alimentación, específicamente en la población universitaria. Objetivo: describir las características psicológicas, estilos de vida y hábitos alimentarios de estudiantes de primer semestre de una universidad privada en Medellín, Colombia durante los años 2015-2018. Material y método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de fuentes secundarias y con tendencia analítica. Se tomaron los datos obtenidos a partir de un cuestionario ad hoc aplicado a estudiantes de primer semestre de una universidad privada que indagó su percepción sobre algunas características psicológicas, estilos de vida y hábitos alimentarios. Resultados: se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la ideación suicida y el consumo de carne, así como el consumo de azúcar con la presencia de miedo. Relación proporcionalmente inversa entre el consumo de frutas y la presencia de ansiedad y tristeza. Conclusiones: estas estadísticas son de gran relevancia debido a que evidencian la necesidad de crear de planes y proyectos enfocados en mejorar los hábitos de vida de los estudiantes que empiezan a incursionar en la vida universitaria, puesto que de esto dependerá el desarrollo de estos durante su carrera profesional. Se recomiendan dietas bajas en grasa y azúcares, pero ricas en frutas y vegetales, como elementos que pueden reducir la presencia de problemáticas relacionadas con la salud mental

La orgía: un acercamiento conceptual desde la teoría psicoanalítica

En una reunión que congrega a la clase prestante de una sociedad, y tras la intervención de un mago, se produce una orgía de la cual sólo una persona mantendrá intacto el recuerdo. Todo lo sucedido en el evento y después de él, es lo que narra el cuento “La Orgía” de Germán Espinosa, que fue el pretexto para analizar algunos conceptos del psicoanálisis freudiano relativos al inconsciente, la pulsión, la represión, la censura y la psicología de las masas. Este escrito, producto de la lectura y escritura colaborativa a lo largo de un semestre académico, da cuenta de lo elaborado en el marco de un grupo de estudio en psicoanálisis en el que participan egresados y estudiantes de psicología de todos los niveles de formación

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care

Supernova Pointing Capabilities of DUNE

International audienceThe determination of the direction of a stellar core collapse via its neutrino emission is crucial for the identification of the progenitor for a multimessenger follow-up. A highly effective method of reconstructing supernova directions within the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is introduced. The supernova neutrino pointing resolution is studied by simulating and reconstructing electron-neutrino charged-current absorption on $^{40}$Ar and elastic scattering of neutrinos on electrons. Procedures to reconstruct individual interactions, including a newly developed technique called ``brems flipping'', as well as the burst direction from an ensemble of interactions are described. Performance of the burst direction reconstruction is evaluated for supernovae happening at a distance of 10 kpc for a specific supernova burst flux model. The pointing resolution is found to be 3.4 degrees at 68% coverage for a perfect interaction-channel classification and a fiducial mass of 40 kton, and 6.6 degrees for a 10 kton fiducial mass respectively. Assuming a 4% rate of charged-current interactions being misidentified as elastic scattering, DUNE's burst pointing resolution is found to be 4.3 degrees (8.7 degrees) at 68% coverage

First Measurement of the Total Inelastic Cross-Section of Positively-Charged Kaons on Argon at Energies Between 5.0 and 7.5 GeV

International audienceProtoDUNE Single-Phase (ProtoDUNE-SP) is a 770-ton liquid argon time projection chamber that operated in a hadron test beam at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2018. We present a measurement of the total inelastic cross section of charged kaons on argon as a function of kaon energy using 6 and 7 GeV/$c$ beam momentum settings. The flux-weighted average of the extracted inelastic cross section at each beam momentum setting was measured to be 380$\pm$26 mbarns for the 6 GeV/$c$ setting and 379$\pm$35 mbarns for the 7 GeV/$c$ setting

Supernova Pointing Capabilities of DUNE

International audienceThe determination of the direction of a stellar core collapse via its neutrino emission is crucial for the identification of the progenitor for a multimessenger follow-up. A highly effective method of reconstructing supernova directions within the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is introduced. The supernova neutrino pointing resolution is studied by simulating and reconstructing electron-neutrino charged-current absorption on $^{40}$Ar and elastic scattering of neutrinos on electrons. Procedures to reconstruct individual interactions, including a newly developed technique called ``brems flipping'', as well as the burst direction from an ensemble of interactions are described. Performance of the burst direction reconstruction is evaluated for supernovae happening at a distance of 10 kpc for a specific supernova burst flux model. The pointing resolution is found to be 3.4 degrees at 68% coverage for a perfect interaction-channel classification and a fiducial mass of 40 kton, and 6.6 degrees for a 10 kton fiducial mass respectively. Assuming a 4% rate of charged-current interactions being misidentified as elastic scattering, DUNE's burst pointing resolution is found to be 4.3 degrees (8.7 degrees) at 68% coverage

Performance of a modular ton-scale pixel-readout liquid argon time projection chamber

International audienceThe Module-0 Demonstrator is a single-phase 600 kg liquid argon time projection chamber operated as a prototype for the DUNE liquid argon near detector. Based on the ArgonCube design concept, Module-0 features a novel 80k-channel pixelated charge readout and advanced high-coverage photon detection system. In this paper, we present an analysis of an eight-day data set consisting of 25 million cosmic ray events collected in the spring of 2021. We use this sample to demonstrate the imaging performance of the charge and light readout systems as well as the signal correlations between the two. We also report argon purity and detector uniformity measurements, and provide comparisons to detector simulations

Performance of a modular ton-scale pixel-readout liquid argon time projection chamber

International audienceThe Module-0 Demonstrator is a single-phase 600 kg liquid argon time projection chamber operated as a prototype for the DUNE liquid argon near detector. Based on the ArgonCube design concept, Module-0 features a novel 80k-channel pixelated charge readout and advanced high-coverage photon detection system. In this paper, we present an analysis of an eight-day data set consisting of 25 million cosmic ray events collected in the spring of 2021. We use this sample to demonstrate the imaging performance of the charge and light readout systems as well as the signal correlations between the two. We also report argon purity and detector uniformity measurements, and provide comparisons to detector simulations