An investigation of the effects of breach of confidentiality of adolescents\u27 level of trust

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of breach of confidentiality on adolescents\u27 level of trust using a pretest/posttest control group experimental design. The study used a normal population of eighth grade middle school students enrolled in average regular education classes in the Hampton Public School System. The initial sample consisted of 162 students (123 of which completed the entire study), designated as high or low trusters based on their scores on Rotter\u27s Interpersonal Trust Scale, who were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups, and the groups randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment conditions (Full Justification, Minimal Justification and Control), with high and low trusters equally distributed.;Dependent variables of trust and self-disclosure were assessed by Rotter\u27s Interpersonal Trust Scale, Jourard\u27s Self-Disclosure Questionnaire, and the High School Personality Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Five research hypotheses were tested to determine whether there would be significant differences at the.05 level among groups, and whether there would be differential effects between high and low trusters.;The data analysis found no statistically significant differences among groups on the variables of trust, self-disclosure and the 14 factors assessing personality functioning on the High School Personality Questionnaire. There was a significant time effect for self-disclosure, with students, regardless of group, reporting a higher level of self-disclosure at posttest. There also was a significant differential effect between high and low trusters, on the trust measure and on two factors of the High School Personality Questionnaire (Cheerfulness and Withdrawal), with high trusters showing a decrease in their scores and low trusters showing an increase in their scores.;Further research is needed to verify the results of this study. Recommendations include the replication and extension of this study by increasing the sample size; using special populations of students such as unmotivated gifted students or potential dropouts; using students who actually seek assistance from counselors for personal problems rather than relying on volunteers; and varying the counseling style as well as sex of the counselor and student in the videotape presentation

Effect of Calculation of Cost of Production on Selling Price of Products Manufacturing Companies in Papua (Case Study CV. Sagita Grafika)

This study aims to determine how the effect of calculating the cost of an order made by the company and the method of calculation of full costing of the product selling price fixing mold. The data used is primary data, order data produced in the period from January 2013 to December 2013, the secondary data obtained from interviews and literature. From these results it can be seen that CV. Sagita Grafika calculate the cost of the product by using the order cost method that produces cost price and the selling price that is incompatible with existing theory, in which the charging of indirect labor and overhead costs shared equally on all types of orders in the amount of Rp. 11.78825 million for indirect labor costs and Rp. 3.1243 million for overhead costs so that volume orders will bear fewer overhead costs equal to the volume of orders more. By using a full costing analysis generated calculation method that the volume of orders that more will earn imposition overhead costs more, because in this calculation loading overhead costs charged by direct labor hours incurred for each order. So that orders with a total volume that many will use a lot of labor hours and vice versa. So in this study that most large orders received charging overhead is the order BS-02 Rp. 31,115,590.92 and most orders received little overhead loading is KK-01 orders in the amount of Rp. 2,208,622.32. Results of a comparison between the cost of the company with the full costing is the total cost of less Rp. 27,499,540.57, the selling price of Rp. 5,866,543.90, while the larger profit generated by using the full costing method that is Rp. 21,632,996.6

APLIKASI LOCATION BASED SERVICE “TOLONG.IN” PADA PLATFORM ANDROID

Manusia diciptakan sebagai makhluk sosial, yang berarti manusia tidak dapat hidup tanpa sesamanya. Sifat makhluk sosial yang dimiliki oleh manusia ini mendorong manusia untuk memiliki sikap tolong menolong. Sikap tolong-menolong ini mengilhami masyarakat untuk menggunakannya sebagai sumber penghasilan. Namun peluang bisnis dari penawaran jasa ini kurang didukung oleh media informasi yang memadai. Tidak adanya media yang secara khusus diciptakan untuk kegiatan transaksi jasa ini membuat para penyedia jasa kesulitan dalam memasarkan jasanya. Tidak adanya media informasi ini juga menyulitkan pencari jasa untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai penyedia jasa yang mereka butuhkan. Penggunaan sosial media untuk transaksi jasa dirasa kurang aman karena tidak adanya sistem verifikasi mengenai kredibilitas sang penyedia jasa. Semakin meningkatnya teknologi smartphone semakin memberi kemudahan pada kehidupan masyarakat. Adanya teknologi GPS (Global Positioning System) membuat para developer menggunakannya untuk membuat aplikasi Location Based Service yang menggunakan informasi dari posisi user untuk menawarkan berbagai jasa. Oleh karena itu, untuk memfasilitasi para penyedia dan pencari jasa, penulis membuat aplikasi mobile location based service pada platform android yang dapat digunakan sebagai media pemasaran penyedia jasa dan informasi mengenai penyedia jasa terdekat. Aplikasi ini juga digunakan untuk memudahkan komunikasi antara pencari dan penyedia jasa, serta menjaga keamanan transaksi dengan adanya sistem pemberian rating

Pedestrian flow characteristics through different angled bends: Exploring the spatial variation of velocity

Common geometrical layouts could potentially be bottlenecks, particularly during emergency and high density situations. When pedestrians are interacting with such complex geometrical settings, the congestion effect might not be uniform over the bottleneck area. This study uses the trajectory data collected through a controlled laboratory experiment to explore the spatial variation of speeds when a group of people navigates through bends. Four turning angles, i.e., 45°, 90°, 135° and 180°, with a straight corridor and two speed levels, i.e., normal speed walking and slow running (jogging), were considered in these experiments. Results explained that the speeds are significantly different over the space within the bend for all angles (except 0°) under both speed levels. In particular, average walking speeds are significantly lower near the inner corner of the bend as compared to the outer corner. Further, such speed variations are magnified when the angle of the bend and desired speed increase. These outcomes indicate that even smaller turning angles, e.g., 45° could create bottlenecks near the inner corner of the bend, particularly when the walking speeds are high. The findings of this study could be useful in understanding the congestion and bottleneck effects associated with complex geometrical settings, and calibrating microscopic simulation tools to accurately reproduce such effects.Open access funding was provided by the Qatar National Library

Exploring the Standard: A Look into Modern Voice and Speech Curriculum

This thesis explores the current state of voice and speech education to discover if there is a standard of learning from university to university. By examining the history of voice and speech, discovering basic skills, breaking down teaching methodologies, and taking a look at current university and conservatory acting programs, the thesis discovers there is not a standard way of teaching, but there is a standard set of skills that should be upheld when planning voice and speech curriculum

Meningsfulla aktiviteter på fritidshemmet : En etnografisk studie kring dilemmat med meningsfulla aktiviteter utifrån samtal med fritidshemslärare och elever

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur lärare i fritidshem resonerade kring begreppet meningsfulla aktiviteter och hur de beskrev att de utformade och planerade aktiviteterna för eleverna. Samt hur eleverna resonerade kring de meningsfulla aktiviteterna. Konstruktionen av data skapades utifrån en etnografisk ansats och analyserades med hjälp av en diskursanalys. Konstruktionen av empiri skedde med hjälp av en trianguleringsmetod där åtta skriftliga intervjuer av fritidshemslärare, fyra observationer av aktiviteter, fyra gruppsamtal med elever som deltagit i observationerna samt fyra djupintervjuer med fritidshemslärare genomfördes. I resultatet framkom elevers lust, glädje och intresse samt läroplanens riktlinjer som centrala i utformandet av aktiviteter. Fritidshemlärarna menade även att lärandet i aktiviteterna skulle genomsyras av ett informellt, implicit och procedurellt lärande och tog avstånd från det formella lärandet i skolverksamheten. Eleverna upplevde det centrala i meningsfulla aktiviteter som att få leka fritt och tillsammans med sina kompisar. I utsagorna kan det sägas finnas en ömsesidig förståelse mellan elever och fritidshemslärare i att meningsfulla aktiviteter ska utgå från eleverna men även vikten av det finns styrda aktiviteter

Meningsfulla aktiviteter på fritidshemmet : En etnografisk studie kring dilemmat med meningsfulla aktiviteter utifrån samtal med fritidshemslärare och elever

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur lärare i fritidshem resonerade kring begreppet meningsfulla aktiviteter och hur de beskrev att de utformade och planerade aktiviteterna för eleverna. Samt hur eleverna resonerade kring de meningsfulla aktiviteterna. Konstruktionen av data skapades utifrån en etnografisk ansats och analyserades med hjälp av en diskursanalys. Konstruktionen av empiri skedde med hjälp av en trianguleringsmetod där åtta skriftliga intervjuer av fritidshemslärare, fyra observationer av aktiviteter, fyra gruppsamtal med elever som deltagit i observationerna samt fyra djupintervjuer med fritidshemslärare genomfördes. I resultatet framkom elevers lust, glädje och intresse samt läroplanens riktlinjer som centrala i utformandet av aktiviteter. Fritidshemlärarna menade även att lärandet i aktiviteterna skulle genomsyras av ett informellt, implicit och procedurellt lärande och tog avstånd från det formella lärandet i skolverksamheten. Eleverna upplevde det centrala i meningsfulla aktiviteter som att få leka fritt och tillsammans med sina kompisar. I utsagorna kan det sägas finnas en ömsesidig förståelse mellan elever och fritidshemslärare i att meningsfulla aktiviteter ska utgå från eleverna men även vikten av det finns styrda aktiviteter

From crowd dynamics to crowd safety: A video-based analysis

The study of crowd dynamics is interesting because of the various self-organization phenomena resulting from the interactions of many pedestrians, which may improve or obstruct their flow. Besides formation of lanes of uniform walking direction and oscillations at bottlenecks at moderate densities, it was recently discovered that stop-and-go waves [D. Helbing et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 168001 (2006)] and a phenomenon called "crowd turbulence" can occur at high pedestrian densities [D. Helbing et al., Phys. Rev. E 75, 046109 (2007)]. Although the behavior of pedestrian crowds under extreme conditions is decisive for the safety of crowds during the access to or egress from mass events as well as for situations of emergency evacuation, there is still a lack of empirical studies of extreme crowding. Therefore, this paper discusses how one may study high-density conditions based on suitable video data. This is illustrated at the example of pilgrim flows entering the previous Jamarat Bridge in Mina, 5 kilometers from the Holy Mosque in Makkah, Saudi-Arabia. Our results reveal previously unexpected pattern formation phenomena and show that the average individual speed does not go to zero even at local densities of 10 persons per square meter. Since the maximum density and flow are different from measurements in other countries, this has implications for the capacity assessment and dimensioning of facilities for mass events. When conditions become congested, the flow drops significantly, which can cause stop-and-go waves and a further increase of the density until critical crowd conditions are reached. Then, "crowd turbulence" sets in, which may trigger crowd disasters