451 research outputs found
Launching a digital archive [texte disponible en englais et en français]
The launching of an open archive has to face many obstacles among which technological and financial issues are not the most serious. The group shared experiences and analysed the main obstacles and made some proposal
Pour une plus grande visibilitĂ© des travaux des chercheurs : l'exemple de lâarchive ouverte PhysiologieAnimale http://phy043.tours.inra.fr:8080/
Pour leur travail, les chercheurs ont besoin dâaccĂ©der sans frein aux rĂ©sultats de la recherche des autres et leur objectif est de faire connaĂźtre leurs travaux au plus grand nombre.
Internet a permis de bouleverser les deux moteurs de la recherche que sont lâaccessibilitĂ© et la diffusion des rĂ©sultats. Le protocole OAI crĂ©Ă© en 2000, a donnĂ© le signal dâune autre Ăšre Ă©ditoriale : celle du partage de lâinformation scientifique, sans barriĂšre de paiement. Lâinitiative de Budapest (BOAI) a Ă©tĂ© lancĂ©e en fĂ©vrier 2002 par des chercheurs pionniers de lâidĂ©e du libre accĂšs aux connaissances scientifiques. Elle prĂ©conise pour y parvenir d'auto-archiver la production scientifique dans un entrepĂŽt de documents OAI et de publier dans des revues en libre accĂšs.
L'expĂ©rience d'auto-archivage dans AnimalPhysiology dĂ©montre que des chercheurs ont compris tous les avantages de la visibilitĂ© de leurs travaux et quâils sont prĂȘts Ă collaborer pour continuer Ă remplir lâarchive.
Si les responsables des organismes de recherche et dâuniversitĂ©s qui ont signĂ© la DĂ©claration de Berlin http://www.zim.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/berlindeclaration.html
prennent rapidement des mesures plus concrĂštes pour inciter la crĂ©ation dâarchives, lâauto-archivage et la publication dans des revues en libre accĂšs, nous verrons rapidement grossir le nombre de documents en libre accĂšs, les travaux des chercheurs deviendront encore plus visibles et la communautĂ© scientifique pourra enfin en tirer tous les bĂ©nĂ©fices, pour produire davantage et plus rapidement
- - - - - - - [For their ongoing work, researchers need immediate, unimpeded access to the research findings of others; they accordingly need to make their own findings accessible to the greatest number of other researchers. The Internet has now made it possible to alter both the dissemination and the accessibility of research. The OAI interoperability protocol, created in 2000, signaled the beginning of new publishing era: that of the sharing of scientific information, without barrier payment-barriers. The Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) was launched in February 2002 by pioneers of the idea of the free access to scientific knowledge. To this end the BOAI recommends self-archiving research output in an OAI-compliant Open Access Archive and to publish in Open Access journals. Our experiment in self-archiving in AnimalPhysiology shows that researchers understand all the advantages of enhancing the visibility of their work and that they are prepared to collaborate to continue to fill the archive. If the officials of the research institutions and universities who have signed the Declaration of Berlin http://www.zim.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/berlindeclaration.html quickly take more concrete measures to ensure the creation of institutional OA archives, OA self-archiving, and publication in OA journals, we will quickly see growth in the number of OA documents, the work of researchers will become more visible and the scientific community will be able at last to derive all the benefits: accelerating and maximising research productivity.
Partager et utiliser des connaissances scientifiques: de la responsabilité individuelle à la responsabilité collective
Notre responsabilité pour le partage de l'information scientifique, à l'heure d'Internet, est devenue collective : participons sans tarder au mouvement des Archives Ouvertes en déposant sur un serveur compatible OAI nos publications, "gratuitement, pour tous, partout et pour toujours".
("Free for everyone, everywhere, forever"
S.Harnad.) - - - - - [Our responsibility for sharing research information in the Internet age has become a collective one. Let us participate without delay in the Open Access Movement by depositing our research articles in an OAI-compliant Open Access Archive "Free for eveyone, everywhere, forever" (S. Harnad).
La Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) pour un libre accÚs aux résultats de la recherche
La communication dans la recherche sâest progressivement transformĂ©e ces derniĂšres annĂ©es sous lâimpact grandissant dâInternet et nous prĂ©senterons, pareil Ă des parcours de diffĂ©rentes plaques tectoniques, les chemins parcourus par les principaux acteurs de la publication scientifique : les chercheurs et les bibliothĂ©caires dâune part et les grands Ă©diteurs scientifiques commerciaux dâautre part. Les plaques tectoniques se sont heurtĂ©es et leur collision pourrait sâappeler Budapest Open Initiative BOAI [1]. La BOAI est une dĂ©claration de principe pour le libre accĂšs Ă la littĂ©rature scientifique. Nous verrons la stratĂ©gie proposĂ©e pour atteindre ce but et quelles transformations socio-Ă©conomiques en dĂ©coulent.- - - - - - - - [Research communication has been gradually changing in recent years under the growing impact of the Internet. We will describe the ways the "seismic shifts" being undergone by the various parties involved in research publication: Researchers and librarians on the one hand and the large commercial scientific publishers on the other. The tectonic plates have shifted and their collision is embodied in the Budapest Open Initiative BOAI [1]. The BOAI is a statement of principle on behalf of open access to the scientific and scholarly literature. We examine the strategy proposed to achieve this goal and the socio-economic transformations resulting from it.
Le droit des auteurs à mettre en accÚs libre leurs propres résultats de recherche [Authors' right to provide open access to their own research results.]
Les chercheurs nâattendent pas de revenus directs de leurs publications. Ils ne vendent pas leurs publications : ils les donnent gratuitement aux pĂ©riodiques. Ils souhaitent seulement que leurs publications soient utilisĂ©es et citĂ©es au maximum par les autres chercheurs, et ce maximum de « rentabilitĂ© » est donnĂ© par Internet.
Pour parvenir à cette rentabilité maximum, il faut soit publier dans des revues en libre accÚs soit auto-archiver le double des publications publiées dans des revues traditionnelles. Cet auto-archivage doit se faire sur un site institutionnel qui permet un accÚs libre, une interopérabilité (OAI) et un archivage à long terme.
Le site Romeo permet de connaĂźtre la politique Ă©ditoriale, concernant l'auto-archivage, d'un grand nombre d'Ă©diteurs. - - - - - - - - [Researchers do not expect direct income from their publications. They do not sell their articles: They give them away for free to peer-reviewed journals. Their only objective is that their publications should be used and cited as fully as possible by other researchers. This maximised "profitability" is now made possible by the Net. To achieve it, researchers can either publish their articles in Open Access journals or they deposit a supplementary copy of any article published in a traditional journal in their own
Institutional Repository, thereby providing Open Access, interoperability (OAI) and long-term archiving. The Romeo directory provides information on the self-archiving policy of a large number of publishers.
Archives Ouvertes : quinze ans d'histoire
LâidĂ©e et les bĂ©nĂ©fices du libre accĂšs aux publications scientifiques sont maintenant compris par un nombre croissant de chercheurs qui publient dans de nouvelles revues en libre accĂšs, mais les possibilitĂ©s offertes par les Archives Ouvertes qui pourraient donner un libre accĂšs immĂ©diat Ă la totalitĂ© des articles scientifiques, restent encore sous-utilisĂ©es.
Ce chapitre expose les diffĂ©rentes tentatives faites pendant quinze ans pour gĂ©nĂ©raliser la pratique de lâauto archivage nĂ©e chez les physiciens et qui mettent leurs travaux en libre accĂšs (auto-archivent), depuis 1991.
Les bĂ©nĂ©fices de lâauto-archivage et des archives ouvertes sont expliquĂ©s dans cet article.
Toutefois, lâappropriation par les chercheurs et les institutions du processus dâauto-archivage se fait attendre. Les raisons en sont explicitĂ©es.
Les dispositions prises par certaines institutions suite Ă la rĂ©union de Berlin 3 Ă Southampton (UK) permettent de penser que la pratique de lâauto-archivage, va considĂ©rablement se gĂ©nĂ©raliser en 2005. Le libre accĂšs ainsi donnĂ©, permettra dâaugmenter lâimpact scientifique des recherches menĂ©es dans le monde. - - - - - - - - [Both the idea and the benefits of providing Open Access to scientific publications are now coming to be understood by a growing number of researchers who publish in new open access journals. However, the potential of the complementary strategy of self-archiving in Open Archives -- which could provide immediate open access to all scientific articles -- remains still under-utilized. This chapter describes the various attempts in the last fifteen years to generalize the self-archiving practice first adopted by physicists, who have been providing open access to their work since 1991. The benefit of self-archiving and open archives are explained . The adoption of the practice of
self-archiving by researchers and their institutions is still too slow. The reasons for this delay are discussed. The official policies adopted by various institutions following the Berlin 3 meeting in Southampton (U.K.) now makes more likely that the practice of self-archiving will spread considerably in 2005. The open access thereby provided will increase the scientific impact of research worldwide.
L'intégration du complexe station de recherche maraßchÚre et horticole / CFPPA du Sud dans son environnement. Résultat du travail effectué en 1997/98 et propositions
A la demande de la DDR de la Province Sud, le CIRAD-TERA a apporté son appui à la mise en oeuvre d'une démarche visant l'intégration de la Station de Recherche MaraßchÚre et Horticole et du CFPPA du Sud dans leur environnement. Le travail a concerné l'information approfondie de la tribu de Saint-Louis, la réalisation d'un premier diagnostic des activités des habitants de la tribu ainsi que la mise en évidence de la place actuelle de l'agriculture dans les stratégies individuelles et familiales mises en oeuvre. Une étude des conditions de mise en marché des produits maraßchers et fruitiers a complété ce diagnostic. A partir des résultats obtenus par ces études, des propositions ont été formulées et débattues avec la population de la tribu et les acteurs institutionnels concernés, au cours de plusieurs réunions de restitution. Le présent rapport rend compte des résultats des études menées et formule des propositions susceptibles de favoriser le renforcement des activités agricoles et rurales actuelles au sein de la tribu. (Résumé d'auteur
Open Access Repositories - maximizing and measuring research impact through university and research-funder open-access self-archiving mandates
No research institution can afford
all the journals its researchers
may need, so all articles are losing
research impact (usage and
citations) from would-be users
whose institutions cannot afford
paid access. Articles that are
made âOpen Access,â by self-archiving
them on the web are cited
twice as much, but only about
15 percent of articles are being
spontaneously self-archived. The
only institutions approaching 100
percent self-archiving are those
that mandate it. Surveys show
that majority of authors (95%)
will comply with a self-archiving
mandate
Improving the surface brightness-color relation for early-type stars using optical interferometry
The aim of this work is to improve the SBC relation for early-type stars in
the color domain, using optical interferometry.
Observations of eight B- and A-type stars were secured with the VEGA/CHARA
instrument in the visible. The derived uniform disk angular diameters were
converted into limb darkened angular diameters and included in a larger sample
of 24 stars, already observed by interferometry, in order to derive a revised
empirical relation for O, B, A spectral type stars with a V-K color index
ranging from -1 to 0. We also took the opportunity to check the consistency of
the SBC relation up to using 100 additional measurements. We
determined the uniform disk angular diameter for the eight following stars:
Ori, Per, Cyg, Her, Aql, Peg,
Lyr, and Cyg with V-K color ranging from -0.70 to 0.02 and
typical precision of about . Using our total sample of 132 stars with
colors index ranging from about to , we provide a revised SBC
relation. For late-type stars (), the results are consistent
with previous studies. For early-type stars (), our new
VEGA/CHARA measurements combined with a careful selection of the stars
(rejecting stars with environment or stars with a strong variability), allows
us to reach an unprecedented precision of about 0.16 magnitude or
in terms of angular diameter.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Representing uncertainty regarding satisfaction degrees using possibility distributions
Evaluating flexible criteria on data leads to degrees of satisfaction. If a datum is uncertain, it can be uncertain to which degree it satisfies the criterion. This uncertainty can be modelled using a possibility distribution over the domain of possible degrees of satisfaction. In this work, we discuss the meaningfulness thereof by looking at the semantics of such a representation of the uncertainty. More specifically, it is shown that defuzzification of such a representation, towards usability in (multi-criteria) decision support systems, corresponds to expressing a clear attitude towards uncertainty (optimistic, pessimistic, cautious, etc.
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