A first version of the Caenorhabditis elegans Promoterome

An important aspect of the development of systems biology approaches in metazoans is the characterization of expression patterns of nearly all genes predicted from genome sequences. Such localizome maps should provide information on where (in what cells or tissues) and when (at what stage of development or under what conditions) genes are expressed. They should also indicate in what cellular compartments the corresponding proteins are localized. Caenorhabditis elegans is particularly suited for the development of a localizome map since all its 959 adult somatic cells can be visualized by microscopy, and its cell lineage has been completely described. Here we address one of the challenges of C. elegans localizome mapping projects: that of obtaining a genome-wide resource of C. elegans promoters needed to generate transgenic animals expressing localization markers such as the green fluorescent protein (GFP). To ensure high flexibility for future uses, we utilized the newly developed MultiSite Gateway system. We generated and validated version 1.1 of the Promoterome: a resource of approximately 6000 C. elegans promoters. These promoters can be transferred easily into various Gateway Destination vectors to drive expression of markers such as GFP, alone (promoter::GFP constructs), or in fusion with protein-encoding open reading frames available in ORFeome resources (promoter::ORF::GFP)

CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY OF THE MARGIN UNIT, JEZERO CRATER, MARS, OBSERVED BY M2020 / SUPERCAM

International audienceThe Margin Unit of Jezero crater, Mars, was identified from orbit as one of the most carbonate-rich regions of the planet [e.g., 1,2]. Its presence, along with the adjacent fluvial delta [e.g., 3] made Jezero crater the most compelling landing site for the Mars 2020 mission [4]. Investigation of Jezero’s Margin-Unit carbonates provides a unique opportunity to address the formation of carbonates in sedimentary deposits, possibly under a CO2-rich martian atmosphere. Here we report on chemistry and mineralogy of 55 targets observed by the multi-technique SuperCam instrument during Perseverance’s crater-margin campaign

CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY OF THE MARGIN UNIT, JEZERO CRATER, MARS, OBSERVED BY M2020 / SUPERCAM

International audienceThe Margin Unit of Jezero crater, Mars, was identified from orbit as one of the most carbonate-rich regions of the planet [e.g., 1,2]. Its presence, along with the adjacent fluvial delta [e.g., 3] made Jezero crater the most compelling landing site for the Mars 2020 mission [4]. Investigation of Jezero’s Margin-Unit carbonates provides a unique opportunity to address the formation of carbonates in sedimentary deposits, possibly under a CO2-rich martian atmosphere. Here we report on chemistry and mineralogy of 55 targets observed by the multi-technique SuperCam instrument during Perseverance’s crater-margin campaign

CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY OF THE MARGIN UNIT, JEZERO CRATER, MARS, OBSERVED BY M2020 / SUPERCAM

International audienceThe Margin Unit of Jezero crater, Mars, was identified from orbit as one of the most carbonate-rich regions of the planet [e.g., 1,2]. Its presence, along with the adjacent fluvial delta [e.g., 3] made Jezero crater the most compelling landing site for the Mars 2020 mission [4]. Investigation of Jezero’s Margin-Unit carbonates provides a unique opportunity to address the formation of carbonates in sedimentary deposits, possibly under a CO2-rich martian atmosphere. Here we report on chemistry and mineralogy of 55 targets observed by the multi-technique SuperCam instrument during Perseverance’s crater-margin campaign

CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY OF THE MARGIN UNIT, JEZERO CRATER, MARS, OBSERVED BY M2020 / SUPERCAM

International audienceThe Margin Unit of Jezero crater, Mars, was identified from orbit as one of the most carbonate-rich regions of the planet [e.g., 1,2]. Its presence, along with the adjacent fluvial delta [e.g., 3] made Jezero crater the most compelling landing site for the Mars 2020 mission [4]. Investigation of Jezero’s Margin-Unit carbonates provides a unique opportunity to address the formation of carbonates in sedimentary deposits, possibly under a CO2-rich martian atmosphere. Here we report on chemistry and mineralogy of 55 targets observed by the multi-technique SuperCam instrument during Perseverance’s crater-margin campaign

CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY OF THE MARGIN UNIT, JEZERO CRATER, MARS, OBSERVED BY M2020 / SUPERCAM

International audienceThe Margin Unit of Jezero crater, Mars, was identified from orbit as one of the most carbonate-rich regions of the planet [e.g., 1,2]. Its presence, along with the adjacent fluvial delta [e.g., 3] made Jezero crater the most compelling landing site for the Mars 2020 mission [4]. Investigation of Jezero’s Margin-Unit carbonates provides a unique opportunity to address the formation of carbonates in sedimentary deposits, possibly under a CO2-rich martian atmosphere. Here we report on chemistry and mineralogy of 55 targets observed by the multi-technique SuperCam instrument during Perseverance’s crater-margin campaign

Compositionally and density stratified igneous terrain in Jezero crater, Mars

International audienceBefore Perseverance, Jezero crater’s floor was variably hypothesized to have a lacustrine, lava, volcanic airfall, or aeolian origin. SuperCam observations in the first 286 Mars days on Mars revealed a volcanic and intrusive terrain with compositional and density stratification. The dominant lithology along the traverse is basaltic, with plagioclase enrichment in stratigraphically higher locations. Stratigraphically lower, layered rocks are richer in normative pyroxene. The lowest observed unit has the highest inferred density and is olivine-rich with coarse (1.5 millimeters) euhedral, relatively unweathered grains, suggesting a cumulate origin. This is the first martian cumulate and shows similarities to martian meteorites, which also express olivine disequilibrium. Alteration materials including carbonates, sulfates, perchlorates, hydrated silicates, and iron oxides are pervasive but low in abundance, suggesting relatively brief lacustrine conditions. Orbital observations link the Jezero floor lithology to the broader Nili-Syrtis region,suggesting that density-driven compositional stratification is a regional characteristic