Поняття «трудові правовідносини з поліцейськими»

The author of the article has analyzed the scientific approaches to determining the concept of “labor legal relations”. Structural elements of labor legal relations have been considered, the reasons of the origin of labor legal relations have been analyzed. The features of labor legal relations with the police officers have been studied. Special attention has been paid to the fact that the police officers are specific subjects both of labor law and labor legal relations. This specificity is due to the functions and tasks of the police and to the nature of the activities. It has been noted that the employer within the studied relations is the state, and the police acts on its behalf. The author has specified on the duality of the status of the head of a police agency: on the one hand – as a representative of the employer, i.e. the police agency, on the other – as a police officer. The object of labor legal relations with the police officers is the actual process of service and financial support that a police officer gets for it. The author argues that the order on the appointment to the police position should be regarded as the main and independent constitutive legal fact, because the origin of labor legal relations with the police officers is associated to its publication. The author has provided own definition of the concept of labor legal relations with the police officers – that is a legal relationship of a police officer and the state, where the police acts on behalf of the state, concerning the service and salaries arising on the basis of the order about the appointment.Проаналізовано наукові підходи до визначення поняття «трудові правовідносини». Розглянуто структурні елементи трудового правовідношення, проаналізовано підстави виникнення трудових правовідносин. Досліджено особливості трудових правовідносин із поліцейськими. Надано авторське визначення поняття «трудові правовідносини з поліцейськими»

СПЕЦИАЛЬНАЯ ТРУДОВАЯ ПРАВОСУБЪЕКТНОСТЬ ПОЛИЦЕЙСКИХ

Розглянуто вимоги до трудової правосуб’єктності поліцейських, встановлені українським законодавством. Відзначено, що такі вимоги є виправданими з огляду на специфіку професійної діяльності поліцейських і значення їх служби для держави та суспільства. Проаналізовано досвід різних країн щодо окремих вимог до кандидатів на посади поліцейських. Надано рекомендації з удосконалення національного законодавства в цій сфері.The author has considered the requirements for labor legal personality of police officers established by Ukrainian legislation. It has been noted that such requirements are justified in view of the specifics of professional activity of police officers and importance of their service for the state and society. The experience of different countries concerning some requirements for the candidates for the police positions. The author has provided recommendations to improve national legislation in this area. In particular, the author has offered to read paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Art. 49 of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police” as follows: “1. Citizens of Ukraine in the age from 18 to 35 years (except cases established by the law), who have complete secondary education, speak Ukrainian, capable to perform police tasks according to their personal, business and moral qualities, physical training and health can be recruited for the police service. 2. Recruitment for police service is carried out regardless of the race, skin color, political, religious and other beliefs, sex, ethnic or social origin, property status and residence”. Taking into account Ukraine’s course towards European Union membership, we consider it appropriate to provide the ability to speak English as a requirement for future candidates to serve within the police force. Besides, we consider it important to stipulate for the police positions the requirement to reside in Ukraine for at least 10 years.Рассмотрены требования к правосубъектности полицейских, установленные украинским законодательством. Отмечено, что такие требования являются оправданными, учитывая специфику профессиональной деятельности полицейских и значение их службы для государства и общества. Проанализирован опыт разных стран относительно отдельных требований к кандидатам на должности полицейских. Даны рекомендации по усовершенствованию национального законодательства в этой сфере

Plasmatrough exohiss waves observed by Van Allen Probes: Evidence for leakage from plasmasphere and resonant scattering of radiation belt electrons

Abstract Exohiss waves are whistler mode hiss observed in the plasmatrough region. We present a case study of exohiss waves and the corresponding background plasma distributions observed by the Van Allen Probes in the dayside low-latitude region. The analysis of wave Poynting fluxes, suprathermal electron fluxes, and cold electron densities supports the scenario that exohiss leaks from the plasmasphere into the plasmatrough. Quasilinear calculations further reveal that exohiss can potentially cause the resonant scattering loss of radiation belt electrons

Resonant scattering of energetic electrons by unusual low-frequency hiss

Abstract We quantify the resonant scattering effects of the unusual low-frequency dawnside plasmaspheric hiss observed on 30 September 2012 by the Van Allen Probes. In contrast to normal (∼100-2000 Hz) hiss emissions, this unusual hiss event contained most of its wave power at ∼20-200 Hz. Compared to the scattering by normal hiss, the unusual hiss scattering speeds up the loss of ∼50-200 keV electrons and produces more pronounced pancake distributions of ∼50-100 keV electrons. It is demonstrated that such unusual low-frequency hiss, even with a duration of a couple of hours, plays a particularly important role in the decay and loss process of energetic electrons, resulting in shorter electron lifetimes for ∼50-400 keV electrons than normal hiss, and should be carefully incorporated into global modeling of radiation belt electron dynamics during periods of intense injections

Quantifying hiss-driven energetic electron precipitation: A detailed conjunction event analysis

Abstract We analyze a conjunction event between the Van Allen Probes and the low-altitude Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) to quantify hiss-driven energetic electron precipitation. A physics-based technique based on quasi-linear diffusion theory is used to estimate the ratio of precipitated and trapped electron fluxes (R), which could be measured by the two-directional POES particle detectors, using wave and plasma parameters observed by the Van Allen Probes. The remarkable agreement between modeling and observations suggests that this technique is applicable for quantifying hiss-driven electron scattering near the bounce loss cone. More importantly, R in the 100-300 keV energy channel measured by multiple POES satellites over a broad L magnetic local time region can potentially provide the spatiotemporal evolution of global hiss wave intensity, which is essential in evaluating radiation belt electron dynamics, but cannot be obtained by in situ equatorial satellites alone. Key Points Measured and calculated hiss Bw from POES electron measurements agree well Electron ratio measured by POES is able to estimate hiss wave intensity This technique can be used to provide global hiss wave distributio

Cognitive interpretation of the English proverbs (in comparison with Belarusian and Russian ones) with the dominant "wealth"

The article reveals the particular attitude of Englishmen, Belarusians, and Russians towards the concept УwealthФ

Transitional Activities in Elite Football: Frequency, Type, Effect on Match Outcome and the Novel Concept of Clusters

The aims of this study were to analyze the effect of contextual variables on physical metrics during transitions and investigate repeated transitional activities during transitions. Data was collected from 10 matches (23 elite soccer players). A total of 4249 individual observations were recorded including 1164 positive transitions (defense-to-attack), 1269 negative transitions (attack-to-defense), 1120 fast attacks, and 696 high pressure activities. Metrics per minute (m·min-1) as well as absolute variables: Total Distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD, >19.8km·h-1), sprint distance (SD, >25.2km·h-1), relative high-speed running distance (VelB4), relative sprint distance (VelB5), acceleration distance (AccB3 Dist., distance with variations in running speed >3m·s-2), the number of high-intensity accelerations (HI Acc, >3m·s-2) and decelerations (HI Dec, >3m·s-2) were quantified. Significant effects of match half were found for TD (p <.001; ES =.03), HSRD (p = .023; ES = .012), VelB4 (p < .001; ES = .04), and HI Dec (p = .037; ES = .010). Match outcome had a relation to TD (m), HSRD (m) (p < .001), SD (m) and VelB4 (m) (p = .011) as well as VelB5 (m), and AccB3 Dist. distance (m) (p = .002 and p = .020, respectively). Performance in lost matches was lower in the 2nd half (p≤0.05). This study indicates that players are exposed to repeated short and intermittent high velocity actions together, highlighting the need to move away from 90min averages and pay more attention to transitional activities in modern training design

Worst Case Scenarios in Soccer Training and Competition: Analysis of Playing Position, Congested Periods, and Substitutes

Aim: To understand mean (WCSₘₑₐₙ) and peak (WCSₚₑₐₖ) worst case scenarios within training and game play in male professional soccer. Methods: Thirty-one (n = 31) first team players were monitored across 37 matches and 14 MD-3 sessions. Playing status was distinguished, football drills analyzed, and performance explored in long-period: >6 days, moderate-period: 5–6 days, and congested-period: ≤4 days. Relative total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD, >19.8 km·h⁻¹), sprint distance (SD, >25.2 km·h⁻²), accelerations/decelerations (A+D, >3 m·s⁻²), accelerations (Acc, >3 m·s⁻²), and decelerations (Dec, >−3 m·s⁻²) were measured as well as Maximum acceleration (Max Acc; m·s⁻²) and deceleration (Max Dec; m·s⁻²). Results: Analysis of variance found differences between matches and training in WCSmean for TD, HSRD, SD, and Max Dec in all positions (p  .275). Fullbacks displayed differences between match and training in Max Acc (moderate ESs; p  .05). Main effects of playing status were discovered for all metrics except Max Dec (p  .124). Analysis showed differences between long- and congested-period for A+D and Dec (large ESs; p ≤ .05). Conclusions: Findings provide more insights into short peak intensity demands of soccer showing that the maximum high velocity action of acceleration and deceleration is not being replicated in training. Nonstarters lack maximum intensity exposure in matches (WCSₚₑₐₖ) increasing the gap between training and competition even higher during congested fixture periods

Cognitive interpretation of the English proverbs (in comparison with Belarusian and Russian ones) with the dominant "wealth"

The article reveals the particular attitude of Englishmen, Belarusians, and Russians towards the concept УwealthФ

Запобігання корупційним схемам у сфері бюджету

Бортник С. М. Запобігання корупційним схемам у сфері бюджету / Бортник С. М. // Вісник Чернівецького факультету Національного університету «Одеська юридична академія». – 2015. – Вип. 4. – С. 45-56.У даній статті здійснено огляд та аналіз, що торкається проблем зміцнення законності в Україні, як європейської держави. Розглянуті проблеми та перспективи подолання корупції в органах місцевого самоврядування у сфері бюджету.This article provides an overview and analysis of problems affecting rule of law in Ukraine as a European state. Problems and prospects of overcoming corruption in local government in the budget.В данной статье сделан обзор и анализ, касается проблем укрепления законности в Украине, как европейского государства. Рассмотрены проблемы и перспективы преодоления коррупции в органах местного самоуправления в сфере бюджета