Effectively Transparent Front Contacts for Optoelectronic Devices

Effectively transparent front contacts for optoelectronic devices achieve a measured transparency of up to 99.9% and a measured sheet resistance of 4.8 Ω sq^(−1). The 3D microscale triangular cross-section grid fingers redirect incoming photons efficiently to the active semiconductor area and can replace standard grid fingers as well as transparent conductive oxide layers in optoelectronic devices

On the multiple Borsuk numbers of sets

The Borsuk number of a set S of diameter d >0 in Euclidean n-space is the smallest value of m such that S can be partitioned into m sets of diameters less than d. Our aim is to generalize this notion in the following way: The k-fold Borsuk number of such a set S is the smallest value of m such that there is a k-fold cover of S with m sets of diameters less than d. In this paper we characterize the k-fold Borsuk numbers of sets in the Euclidean plane, give bounds for those of centrally symmetric sets, smooth bodies and convex bodies of constant width, and examine them for finite point sets in the Euclidean 3-space.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figure

Эксплуатация строительных объектов на основе информационной модели

This article reviews and assesses the possibilities and features of the application of information modeling technology at such an important stage of work as the operation of a building. At present, it becomes more and more obvious that the most promising area of research in the field of managing socially significant processes, including the exploitation of buildings and structures, is undoubtedly the 3D modeling of objects, which provides truly unlimited possibilities in realistic representation of the surrounding world through 3D modeling. However, at the present stage this direction is still very rarely used in the CIS countries, and the possibilities of computer aided design systems are still underestimated, some of which are discussed in this article.В статье выполнены обзор, оценка возможностей и анализ особенностей применения технологии информационного моделирования на таком важном этапе работы, как эксплуатация здания. В настоящее время трехмерное моделирование является перспективным направлением, которое предоставляет неограниченные возможности в реалистичном отображении окружающего мира, а также качественного проведения исследований в сфере управления социально значимыми процессами, в частности, эксплуатации зданий и сооружений. Однако возможности систем автоматизированного проектирования, ряд которых был рассмотрен в статье, остаются недооцененными и редко используются в странах СНГ

Wall-to-wall mapping of carbon loss within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone after the 2020 catastrophic wildfire

Key message We propose a framework to derive the direct loss of aboveground carbon stocks after the 2020 wildfire in forests of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone using optical and radar Sentinel satellite data. Carbon stocks were adequately predicted using stand-wise inventory data and local combustion factors where new field observations are impossible. Both the standalone Sentinel-1 backscatter delta (before and after fire) indicator and radar-based change model reliably predicted the associated carbon loss. Context The Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) is a mosaic forest landscape undergoing dynamic natural disturbances. Local forests are mostly planted and have low ecosystem resilience against the negative impact of global climate and land use change. Carbon stock fluxes after wildfires in the area have not yet been quantified. However, the assessment of this and other ecosystem service flows is crucial in contaminated (both radioactively and by unexploded ordnance) landscapes of the CEZ. Aims The aim of this study was to estimate carbon stock losses resulting from the catastrophic 2020 fires in the CEZ using satellite data, as field visitations or aerial surveys are impossible due to the ongoing war. Methods The aboveground carbon stock was predicted in a wall-to-wall manner using random forest modelling based on Sentinel data (both optical and synthetic aperture radar or SAR). We modelled the carbon stock loss using the change in Sentinel-1 backscatter before and after the fire events and local combustion factors. Results Random forest models performed well (root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 22.6 MgC·ha−1 or 37% of the mean) to predict the pre-fire carbon stock. The modelled carbon loss was estimated to be 156.3 Gg C (9.8% of the carbon stock in burned forests or 1.5% at the CEZ level). The standalone SAR backscatter delta showed a higher RMSE than the modelled estimate but better systematic agreement (0.90 vs. 0.73). Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)-dominated stands contributed the most to carbon stock loss, with 74% of forests burned in 2020. Conclusion The change in SAR backscatter before and after a fire event can be used as a rough proxy indicator of aboveground carbon stock loss for timely carbon map updating. The model using SAR backscatter change and backscatter values prior to wildfire is able to reliably estimate carbon emissions when on-ground monitoring is impossible

Effectively Transparent Front Contacts for Optoelectronic Devices

Effectively transparent front contacts for optoelectronic devices achieve a measured transparency of up to 99.9% and a measured sheet resistance of 4.8 Ω sq^(−1). The 3D microscale triangular cross-section grid fingers redirect incoming photons efficiently to the active semiconductor area and can replace standard grid fingers as well as transparent conductive oxide layers in optoelectronic devices

Technical Design Report for the PANDA Solenoid and Dipole Spectrometer Magnets

This document is the Technical Design Report covering the two large spectrometer magnets of the PANDA detector set-up. It shows the conceptual design of the magnets and their anticipated performance. It precedes the tender and procurement of the magnets and, hence, is subject to possible modifications arising during this process.Comment: 10 pages, 14MB, accepted by FAIR STI in May 2009, editors: Inti Lehmann (chair), Andrea Bersani, Yuri Lobanov, Jost Luehning, Jerzy Smyrski, Technical Coordiantor: Lars Schmitt, Bernd Lewandowski (deputy), Spokespersons: Ulrich Wiedner, Paola Gianotti (deputy

РАЗРЕЖЕННАЯ ВЕЙВЛЕТНАЯ ДЕКОМПОЗИЦИЯ В ЗАДАЧАХ ВИБРОДИАГНОСТИКИ РОТОРНОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ

Evaluation of the technical condition of rotary equipment on vibration signals is traditionally important task in the practice of its production and operation. At the present an increase in the effectiveness of vibration-based diagnostics is achieved by automating the solution of this problem and also by the use of matched sets of informative features, which causes the urgency of the development of algorithms for their detection. The algorithm of sparse wavelet decomposition is proposed to detect shock processes in vibration signals. The algorithm is tested on the experimental material. The results of the experiment are compared with the matched wavelet filtration.Оценка технического состояния роторного оборудования по вибрационным сигналам традиционно является важной задачей в практике его производства и эксплуатации. На современном этапе развития повышение эффективности вибродиагностики достигается за счет автоматизации решения этой задачи, а также за счет использования согласованных наборов информативных признаков, что обуславливает актуальность разработки алгоритмов по их выделению. В работе предложен алгоритм разреженной вейвлетной декомпозиции для выделения ударных процессов в вибрационных сигналах. Проведено тестирование алгоритма на экспериментальном материале. Представлен анализ результатов эксперимента в сравнении с согласованной вейвлетной фильтрацией