193 research outputs found
Current Status of Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Plaque Characterisation in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis
AbstractObjectiveThe article aims to provide an overview of the literature that assessed the agreement between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology for specific carotid plaque characteristics associated with vulnerability in terms of sensitivity and specificity.MethodsA systematic search strategy was conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases resulting in 1084 articles. Finally, we included 17 papers. Due to variation in presentation, especially in MRI and histology methods, a pooled analysis could not be performed.ResultsTwo studies were performed on a 3.0-T MRI scanner; all other studies were performed on a 1.5-T scanner. Most performed sequences were two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted and all histology protocols varied slightly. Our results indicate that calcification, fibrous cap, intraplaque haemorrhage and lipid-rich necrotic cores can be identified with moderate-to-good sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionsBased on current literature, it appears premature for routine application of MRI as an imaging modality to assess carotid plaque characteristics associated with plaque vulnerability. Although MRI still holds promise, clinical application for plaque characterisation would require consensus regarding MRI settings and confirmation by histology. Predefined protocols for histology and MR imaging need to be established
Mast cell distribution in human carotid atherosclerotic plaque differs significantly by histological segment
Mast cells (MCs) are important contributors to atherosclerotic plaque progression. For prospective studies on mast cell contributions to plaque instability, the distribution of intraplaque MCs needs to be elucidated. Plaque stability is generally histologically assessed by dividing the plaque specimen into segments to be scored on an ordinal scale. However, owing to competitive use, studies may have to deviate to adjacent segments, yet intersegment differences of plaque characteristics, especially MCs, are largely unknown. Therefore, the hypothesis that there is no segment to segment difference in MC distribution between atherosclerotic plaque segments was tested, and intersegment associations between MCs and other plaque characteristics was investigated.\nTwenty-six carotid atherosclerotic plaques from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy included in the Athero-Express Biobank were analysed. The plaque was divided in 5 mm segments, differentiating between the culprit lesion (segment 0), adjacent segments (-1/+1) and more distant segments (-2/+2) for the presence of MCs. The associations between the intersegment distribution of MCs and smooth muscle cells, macrophage content, and microvessel density in the culprit lesion were studied.\nA statistically significant difference in MCs/mm2 between the different plaque segments (p 2 between the culprit and adjacent segment (pΒ = .037) and between the culprit lesion and the more distant segment (p 2 in multiple different segments were positively correlated with microvessel density and macrophage content in the culprit lesion.\nMC numbers reveal significant intersegment differences in human carotid plaques. Future histological studies on MCs should use a standardised segment for plaque characterisation as plaque segments cannot be used interchangeably for histological MC analyses.Biopharmaceutic
ΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π·Π° ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»iΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌiΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
i ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ»iΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°, Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌiΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡ Π² Π΄iΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½i 350β820 Π½ΠΌ. ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Π±iΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ TiΠβ, ΡΠΊi Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏiΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΊΠΎΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ iΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡi ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π»iΠ½iΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡiΠ² i ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Ρ. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²iΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ»iΠ²ΠΎΠΊ TiΠβ ΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ΄Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ i ΠΏΠΎ Π·ΠΌiΠ½i ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΈ. ΠΠ»iΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½i Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»iΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»iΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»iΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½iΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡi ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²iΠ΄ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»iΠ²ΠΊΠΈ.We present the results of experimental researches of plasmodynamic and optical characteristics of a magnetron-type cylindrical gas discharge. The study was carried out provided a permanent monitoring of the spectrum emitted by plasma in the range 350β820 nm. For the synthesis of binary compound TiOβ, we have determined conditions which can be ensured by a support of the intensity of spectral lines emitted by reacting components and plasma-forming gas. A possibility to control the conditions of the fabrication of a TiOβ film with the use of both the spectral characteristics of a discharge plasma and a variation of the discharge voltage has been analyzed. Ellipsometric and spectral studies of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide films revealed the dependence of the refractive index of a film on the film thickness.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ 350β820 Π½ΠΌ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ TiΠβ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π°. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ TiOβ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π°, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ
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