Perspective of contemporary forms of reorganization and restructuring of banking institutions of Ukraine

Розглянуто теоретично-практичні аспекти визначення реструктуризації банківських установ України у контексті адаптації банківського законодавства України до вимог Базельського комітету з банківського нагляду. Викладено економіко-правові основи та стратегії реорганізації банків, метою яких є підвищення надійності та стійкості банківської системи України.The theoretical determination of the practical aspects of the restructuring of banking institutions of Ukraine in the context of adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the banking requirements of the Basel Committee on Banking supervision. Set out the economic and legal framework and strategy of reorganization of banks, which aim to improve the reliability and stability of the banking system of Ukraine.Рассмотрено теоретически практические аспекты определения реструктуризации банковских учреждений Украины в контексте адаптации банковского законодательства Украины к требованиям Базельского комитета по банковскому присмотру. Изложено экономико-правовые основы и стратегии реорганизации банков, целью которых является повышение надежности и стойкости банковской системы Украины

Photoinduced electron transfer in singly labeled thiouredopyrenetrisulfonate azurin derivatives

AbstractA novel method for the initiation of intramolecular electron transfer reactions in azurin is reported. The method is based on laser photoexcitation of covalently attached thiouredopyrenetrisulfonate (TUPS), the reaction that generates the low potential triplet state of the dye with high quantum efficiency. TUPS derivatives of azurin, singly labeled at specific lysine residues, were prepared and purified to homogeneity by ion exchange HPLC. Transient absorption spectroscopy was used to directly monitor the rates of the electron transfer reaction from the photoexcited triplet state of TUPS to Cu(II) and the back reaction from Cu(I) to the oxidized dye. For all singly labeled derivatives, the rate constants of copper ion reduction were one or two orders of magnitude larger than for its reoxidation, consistent with the larger thermodynamic driving force for the former process. Using 3-D coordinates of the crystal structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin and molecular structure calculation of the TUPS modified proteins, electron transfer pathways were calculated. Analysis of the results revealed a good correlation between separation distance from donor to Cu ligating atom (His-N or Cys-S) and the observed rate constants of Cu(II) reduction

In vitro synthesis of uniform poly(dG)–poly(dC) by Klenow exo(−) fragment of polymerase I

In this paper, we describe a production procedure of the one-to-one double helical complex of poly(dG)–poly(dC), characterized by a well-defined length (up to 10 kb) and narrow size distribution of molecules. Direct evidence of strands slippage during poly(dG)–poly(dC) synthesis by Klenow exo(−) fragment of polymerase I is obtained by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). We show that the polymer extension results in an increase in the separation distance between fluorescent dyes attached to 5′ ends of the strands in time and, as a result, losing communication between the dyes via FRET. Analysis of the products of the early steps of the synthesis by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy suggest that only one nucleotide is added to each of the strand composing poly(dG)–poly(dC) in the elementary step of the polymer extension. We show that proper pairing of a base at the 3′ end of the primer strand with a base in sequence of the template strand is required for initiation of the synthesis. If the 3′ end nucleotide in either poly(dG) or poly(dC) strand is substituted for A, the polymer does not grow. Introduction of the T-nucleotide into the complementary strand to permit pairing with A-nucleotide results in the restoration of the synthesis. The data reported here correspond with a slippage model of replication, which includes the formation of loops on the 3′ ends of both strands composing poly(dG)–poly(dC) and their migration over long-molecular distances (μm) to 5′ ends of the strands

Synthesis of novel poly(dG)-poly(dG)-poly(dC) triplex structure by Klenow exo− fragment of DNA polymerase I

The extension of the G-strand of long (700 bp) poly(dG)-poly(dC) by the Klenow exo− fragment of DNA polymerase I yields a complete triplex structure of the H-DNA type. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrates that the length of the G-strand is doubled during the polymerase synthesis. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis shows that the 5′ ends of the G- and the C-strands, labeled with fluorescein and TAMRA, respectively, are positioned close to each other in the product of the synthesis. Atomic force microscopy morphology imaging shows that the synthesized structures lack single-stranded fragments and have approximately the same length as the parent 700 bp poly(dG)-poly(dC). CD spectrum of the polymer has a large negative peak at 278 nm, which is characteristic of the poly(dG)-poly(dG)-poly(dC) triplex. The polymer is resistant to DNase and interacts much more weakly with ethidium bromide as compared with the double-stranded DN

Synthesis of novel poly(dG)–poly(dG)–poly(dC) triplex structure by Klenow exo(−) fragment of DNA polymerase I

The extension of the G-strand of long (700 bp) poly(dG)–poly(dC) by the Klenow exo(−) fragment of DNA polymerase I yields a complete triplex structure of the H-DNA type. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrates that the length of the G-strand is doubled during the polymerase synthesis. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis shows that the 5′ ends of the G- and the C-strands, labeled with fluorescein and TAMRA, respectively, are positioned close to each other in the product of the synthesis. Atomic force microscopy morphology imaging shows that the synthesized structures lack single-stranded fragments and have approximately the same length as the parent 700 bp poly(dG)–poly(dC). CD spectrum of the polymer has a large negative peak at 278 nm, which is characteristic of the poly(dG)–poly(dG)–poly(dC) triplex. The polymer is resistant to DNase and interacts much more weakly with ethidium bromide as compared with the double-stranded DNA

Ruminococcal cellulosome systems from rumen to human

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. The authors appreciate the kind assistance of Miriam Lerner (ImmunArray Ltd. Company, Rehovot, Israel) with experiments involving the MicroGrid II arrayer. This research was supported by a grant (No. 1349) to EAB also from the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) and a grant (No. 24/11) issued to RL by The Sidney E. Frank Foundation also through the ISF. Additional support was obtained from the establishment of an Israeli Center of Research Excellence (I-CORE Center No. 152/11) managed by the Israel Science Foundation, from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel, by the Weizmann Institute of Science Alternative Energy Research Initiative (AERI) and the Helmsley Foundation. The authors also appreciate the support of the European Union, Area NMP.2013.1.1-2: Self-assembly of naturally occurring nanosystems: CellulosomePlus Project number: 604530 and an ERA-IB Consortium (EIB.12.022), acronym FiberFuel. HF and SHD acknowledge support from the Scottish Government Food Land and People programme and from BBSRC grant no. BB/L009951/1. In addition, EAB is grateful for a grant from the F. Warren Hellman Grant for Alternative Energy Research in Israel in support of alternative energy research in Israel administered by the Israel Strategic Alternative Energy Foundation (I-SAEF). E.A.B. is the incumbent of The Maynard I. and Elaine Wishner Chair of Bio-organic ChemistryPeer reviewedPostprin

Rumen cellulosomics : divergent fiber-degrading strategies revealed by comparative genome-wide analysis of six ruminococcal strains

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Assembling of G-strands into novel tetra-molecular parallel G4-DNA nanostructures using avidin–biotin recognition

We describe a method for the preparation of novel long (hundreds of nanometers), uniform, inter-molecular G4-DNA molecules composed of four parallel G-strands. The only long continuous G4-DNA reported so far are intra-molecular structures made of a single G-strand. To enable a tetra-molecular assembly of the G-strands we developed a novel approach based on avidin–biotin biological recognition. The steps of the G4-DNA production include: (i) Enzymatic synthesis of long poly(dG)-poly(dC) molecules with biotinylated poly(dG)-strand; (ii) Formation of a complex between avidin-tetramer and four biotinylated poly(dG)-poly(dC) molecules; (iii) Separation of the poly(dC) strands from the poly(dG)-strands, which are connected to the avidin; (iv) Assembly of the four G-strands attached to the avidin into tetra-molecular G4-DNA. The average contour length of the formed structures, as measured by AFM, is equal to that of the initial poly(dG)-poly(dC) molecules, suggesting a tetra-molecular mechanism of the G-strands assembly. The height of tetra-molecular G4-nanostructures is larger than that of mono-molecular G4-DNA molecules having similar contour length. The CD spectra of the tetra- and mono-molecular G4-DNA are markedly different, suggesting different structural organization of these two types of molecules. The tetra-molecular G4-DNA nanostructures showed clear electrical polarizability. This suggests that they may be useful for molecular electronics

Cellulosomics, a gene-centric approach to investigating the intraspecific diversity and adaptation of Ruminococcus flavefaciens within the rumen

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