Dropwort (Filipendula hexapetala Gilib.): potential role as antioxidant and antimicrobial agent

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of Filipendula hexapetala Gilib. aerial parts (FHA) and roots (FHR) and their potential in different model systems, as well as antimicrobial activity. According to this, a number of assays were employed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of F. hexapetala extracts. In addition, the antioxidant activity assays in different model systems were carried out, as well as pH, thermal and gastrointestinal stability studies. The phenolic compounds contents in FHA and FHR were also determined. The results showed that F. hexapetala extracts had considerable antioxidant activity in vitro and a great stability in different conditions. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against most of the tested bacterial and fungal species. Also, the extracts contain high level of phenolic compounds, especially aerial parts extract

Corrigendum to “The ameliorating effect of Filipendula hexapetala extracts on hepatorenal toxicity of cisplatin” [J. Funct. Foods 18(A) (2015) 198–212]

The authors regret that in Fig. 3 inadvertently was incorporated two photographs of the same tissue preparation of group VII (Fig. 3VII and X). They would like to inform that this wrong figure did not change the results of their study. The accurate representative photograph of kidney sections of experimental animals from group X (Fig. 3X in Fig. 3) is given below. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.This correction refers to [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.07.004]Journal of Functional Foods (2017), 28: 326-32

Newly discovered chroman-2,4-diones neutralize the in vivo DNA damage induced by alkylation through the inhibition of Topoisomerase IIα: A story behind the molecular modeling approach

Eight chroman-2,4-diones, namely 2a-h, previously investigated as anticoagulants, of which 2a and 2f as the most active, were evaluated as in vivo genotoxic agents in Wistar rat livers and kidneys using the comet assay. Compounds 2a, 2b, and 2f without genotoxic activity were applied prior to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and diminished EMS-induced DNA damage according to the total score and percentage of reduction. EMS produce harmful O(6)-ethylguanine lesion which is incorporated in aberrant genotoxic GT and TG pairing after ATP-dependent DNA strand breaks have been catalyzed by rat Topoisomerase IIα (rTopIIα, EC 5.99.1.3). Therefore, the mechanism of 2a, 2b, and 2f antigenotoxic activity was investigated on the enzyme level using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations insamuch as it had been determined that compounds do not intercalate DNA but instead inhibit the ATPase activity. Calculations predicted that compounds inhibit ATP hydrolysis before the DNA-EMS cleavage is being catalyzed by rTopIIα, prevent EMS mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, and beside anticoagulant activity can even be applied in the cancer treatment to control the rate of anticancer alkylation drugs

The ameliorating effect of Filipendula hexapetala extracts on hepatorenal toxicity of cisplatin

The effects of the methanolic extracts of Filipendula hexapetala Gilib. aerial parts (FHA) and roots (FHR) against cisplatin induced kidney and liver injuries in rats were investigated as well as determination of genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of the extracts. Treatment with FHA and FHR significantly decreased levels of urea, uric acid, serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, and increased the content of total protein. In addition, treatment with the extracts significantly attenuated the cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in kidney and liver tissues by increasing catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and the content of reduced glutathione and decreasing the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TSARS). The histopathological studies confirmed the protective effects of the extracts against cisplatin-induced kidney and liver injuries. The extracts ameliorated cisplatin-induced genotoxicity. These results suggest that F. hexapetala extracts are effective nephro- and hepatoprotective agents, with potential to reduce oxidative stress and ameliorate cisplatin-induced nephro- and hepatotoxicity.Corrigendum in: Journal of Functional Foods. Volume 18, Part A, October 2015, Pages 198–212, [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2016.11.017

Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) extract: Phytochemical profile and modulation of cisplatin-induced liver, renal and testicular toxicity.

The aim of our study was to examine the potential ameliorating effect of the methanolic extract of Satureja hortensis L. (summer savory) aerial parts against cisplatin-induced oxidative damage in renal, hepatic, and testicular tissues. S. hortensis methanol extract at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of body weight were orally administered to Wistar rats once daily for 10 days. Toxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg of body weight) on the 5th day of the experiment. Applied treatment with S. hortensis extract restored tissue morphology, ameliorated levels of serum parameters for liver, renal and testes function, tissue oxidative stress parameters, and increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio as an indicator of apoptosis in experimental animals caused by application of cisplatin. UHPLC/DAD/HESI-MS/MS analysis revealed that S. hortensis extract was rich in phenolic compounds with rosmarinic acid (24.9 mg/g) as the main compound, followed by caffeic acid (1.28 mg/g) and naringenin (1.06 mg/g). Our findings suggest that S. hortensis may be a valuable source of dietary and pharmacologically important phenolic compounds, especially rosmarinic acid, in pharmaceutical and functional food formulations in order to maintain normal health conditions or as a remedy in various diseases caused by oxidative damage

Serum albumin binding analysis and toxicological screening of novel chroman-2,4-diones as oral anticoagulants

Two chroman-2,4-dione derivatives, namely 2a and 2f, were tested as in vivo anticoagulants by seven days of continuous per os application to adult male Wistar rats in a concentration of 20 mg/kg of body weight. Derivatives were selected from a group of six previously intraperitoneally applied compounds on the basis of presenting remarkable activity in a concentration of 2 mg/kg of body weight. The derivatives 2a and 2f are VKORC1 inhibitors, and comparison of the absorption spectra, association, and dissociation constants suggested that the compounds will be bound to serum albumin in the same manner as warfarin is, leading to transfer towards the molecular target VKORC1. After oral administration, the compounds proved to be anticoagulants comparable with warfarin, inasmuch as the measured prothrombin times for 2a and 2f were 56.63 and 60.08 s, respectively. The INR values of 2a and 2f ranged from 2.6 to 2.8, recommending them as useful therapeutics in the treatment of patients suffering from thromboembolic events and atrial fibrillation. The high percentage of binding and high binding affinity of 2a and 2f towards serum albumin reduced the risk of induced internal bleeding. Several kinds of toxicity studies were performed to investigate whether or not 2a and 2f can cause pathological changes in the liver, kidneys, and DNA. The catalytic activity of serum enzymes, concentration and catalytic activity of liver and kidney oxidative stress markers and enzymes, respectively, as well as the observed hepatic and renal morphological changes indicated that the compounds in relation to warfarin induced irrelevant hepatic toxicity, no increment of necrosis, and inconsiderable oxidative damage in the liver and kidneys. Estimation of DNA damage using the comet assay confirmed that 2a and 2f caused no clinically significant genotoxicity. The higher activity and lower toxicity of 2f recommended this compound as a better drug candidate than 2a. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia {[}III 43004, III 41010, OI 173020

Comparative phytochemical analysis of Gentiana cruciata L. roots and aerial parts, and their biological activities

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of methanol extracts of Gentiana crudata L. aerial parts and roots, as well as the stability of the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of extracts during heating, at different pHs and after an in vitro digestion procedure. Also, their genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity against carbon tetrachloride in the liver of albino Wistar rats using the comet assay were evaluated. Three secoiridoid glycosides (swertiamarin, gentiopicrin, and sweroside) and four phenolic compounds (orientin, vitexin and two isovitexin-glucosides) were identified as the major constituents in aerial parts and roots of G. cruciata, using UHPLC-DAD/+/- HESI-MS/MS analysis. The results of antioxidant assays showed that aerial parts displayed higher antioxidant activity compared to the roots, which could be related to higher phenolics content, especially flavonoids. In general, extracts showed pH and thermal stability, while duodenal condition had more influence on total phenolic condition and antioxidant activity of extracts. Both extracts showed a protective effect against CCl4 in comet assays. The roots extract showed no genotoxic activity, while aerial parts extract showed slight genotoxicity at concentrations of 400 mg/kg b.w. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia {[}III 43004, III 41010, OI 173024

Filipendula ulmaria extracts attenuate cisplatin-induced liver and kidney oxidative stress in rats: In vivo investigation and LC-MS analysis.

Filipendula ulmaria, known as meadowsweet, is a perennial herb found in wild and cultivated habitats in Europe and Asia. Usage of F. ulmaria in traditional medicine is based on diuretic, astringent, antirheumatic, and anti-inflammatory properties of this plant. Exposure to cisplatin at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg caused significant increase in serum parameters of liver and kidneys function and tissue oxidative stress markers along with some histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissues of experimental rats, as well as high level of genotoxicity. Administration of F. ulmaria extracts in three different concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day) for 10 days resulted in a reduction of oxidative stress in tissues and decrease of serum parameters. Moreover, tested extracts attenuated the genotoxicity of cisplatin in reverse dose-dependent manner. F. ulmaria extracts had no in vitro cytotoxic activity at all applied concentrations (IC50 > 50 μg/mL). Tested extracts, rich in polyphenolic compounds, attenuate cisplatin-induced liver and kidney oxidative stress, reduce tissue damage, and enhance the antioxidative status of experimental animals during cisplatin application. Therefore, F. ulmaria extracts may be used as supportive agent for the prevention and amelioration of cisplatin side effects