Effects of Condensed Tannins from Quebracho Extract on the Kinetic of in vitro Gas Production on Trifolium repens, Lotus corniculatus and Lolium perenne

The aim of this work was to study the effect of condensed tannins (CT) on the kinetic of gas production in vitro, on the three main species of Azorean pasture: Trifolium repens, Lotus corniculatus and Lolium perenne, using Quebracho extract as the source of CT, and also to calculate total tannins and condensed tannins on the species studied. Lotus corniculatus, Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens were tested in vitro with the inclusion of Quebracho extract in doses of 0%, 2.5% and 5% DM. The total content in tannins was determined in the 3 species. We have found, in comparison with standard tannic acid, that tannins exist in the flower of T. repens (0.81 equivalents of tannic acid) and in L .corniculatus (1.07 equivalents of tannic acid) but not in L .perenne (0 equivalents of tannic acid). The concentration of condensed tannins in the 3 species was: 0.34 mg/mL for T. repens; 0.83 mg/mL for L. corniculatus and 0 mg/ml for L. perenne. We verified that a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of gas production happened for doses of 5% of CT in comparison with the other two concentrations: 0% and 2.5% of CT. The results of this study express a reduction of the fermentation rate, which implies a reduction of gas production, so, a reduction of methane emission to the atmosphere and an increase of exploitation of the protein by ruminants

Variação do valor nutritivo e da degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca e da proteína bruta da erva castelhana com a época de corte e com o método de conservação

Neste trabalho determinámos o valor nutritivo da erva castelhana (Lolium multiflorum) em três épocas de corte, em verde e ensilada. O valor mais elevado de energia metabolizável foi determinada na fase de crescimento 5% espigado, nas forragens verdes e na fase de aparecimento da 4ª folha, para as silagens. Verificou-se um aumento da digestibilidade in vivo e da ingestão voluntária, da fase de 4ª folha para a fase 5% espigada, seguindo-se um decréscimo para a fase 100% espigada: A degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca, e da proteína bruta decresce (p≤0.05) com o avançar da fase de crescimento. A degradabilidade da proteína bruta é superior nas forragens verdes (p≤0.05) em relação às forragens ensiladas. Podemos concluir que a melhor época de corte, para a erva castelhana, verifica-se na fase de crescimento com 5% espigado.ABSTRACT: The nutritive value of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) cut at three stages of growth and in fresh and ensiled, was determined in this study. The highest metabolisable energy content was found at 5% ear in fresh forages, and at the fourth leaf stage in silages. In vivo digestibility and voluntary intake increased from fourth leaf to the 5% ear stage of growth which was followed by a reduction at the 100% ear stage of growth. In situ dry matter and protein degradability decreased (p≤0.05) with advancing stage of growth. In fresh forages protein degradability was higher (p≤0.05) than in ensiled forages. It was concluded that the best harvest time for Italian ryegrass was at the 5% ear stage of growth for both fresh forage, as well as silage

A comparison of alternative sources of inocula in an in vitro digestibility technique

Copyright © Elsevier / INRA, 1996.In this paper we make the comparison between sources of inocula for an in vitro digestibility method based on that of Tilley and Terry (1963) as modified by Alexander and McGowan (1966). The best results for the prediction of the in vivo digestibility were obtained using the traditional method of rumen liquor from fistulated sheep. However, with the two alternative methods, one using rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle, and another, a sheep faeces suspension as inocula sources, we obtained results significantly correlated with in vivo digestibility at the 5% level, although with lower correlation coefficients. The method that uses rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle is, in our opinion, a valid alternative to the traditional method

The feeding value of green and ensiled São Jorge natural pasture

Special Issue: IVth International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand (France), September 11-15, 1995.This paper presents the results of a study of the feeding value of São Jorge pastures in green and in big bale silage

Characterization of in situ dry matter and protein degradation of green and ensiled oats forages at three stages of growth

Special Issue: IVth International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand (France), September 11-15, 1995

O Salto dos Órfãos: o pós-modernismo sem modernismo da dramaturgia peruana atual

A dramaturgia peruana moderna se configurou como um movimento inexistente, principalmente pela falta de um “pai” que a introduzisse na modernidade, que a encaminhasse numa continuidade da tradição, que desse aos novos dramaturgos a sensação de possibilidade. No entanto, é precisamente essa “orfandade” que há feito com que a dramaturgia peruana pós-moderna desse um salto quantitativo e qualitativo não visto durante todo o século XX. A falta do “pai” nos tempos em que os patrocínios se desmantelam ou já não interessam, pode ser um impulso antes que um obstáculo. Modern Peruvian dramaturgy can be seen as almost non gure that could have introduced this dramaturgy into modernity and established certain continuity with tradition giving the new dramaturgs a sense of possibility. However, it is precisely this condition of being orfan that has allowed Peruvian postmodern dramaturgy to make a leap in quantity and quality unexperienced during the twentieth gure can be a stimulus more than an obstacle in times where all kinds of patronage are being dismantled or remain of little interest

Comparison of three sources of inocula for predicting apparent digestibility of ruminant feedstuffs

Copyright © INRA, EDP Sciences 2001.In the present study, gas production of three sources of inocula rumen liquor from fistulated sheep, rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle, and a suspension of sheep faeces, were evaluated to predict the apparent digestibility of ruminant feedstuffs. The highest gas production was obtained with rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle, and the lowest (P 0.05)

Association between Plasma and Milk Urea on the Insemination Day and Pregnancy Rate in Early Lactation Dairy Cows

Lactatingdairy cows (n=177) feed with grass and corn silage ad libitum kept in pasture, were randomly assigned to evaluate how urea nitrogen in plasma and milk can be related to their pregnancy rate. Blood and milk samples were collected on the artificial insemination (AI) day to evaluate plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) as well as progesterone levels, excluding cows with progesterone higher than 0.5 ng/ml. Cows were considered pregnant if six weeks after artificial insemination, they did not return to estrus.Concentrations of PUN or MUN greater than the average (16 mg/dl) were associated with decreased pregnancy rates (13% and 14%, respectively) (p< 0.05) as compared to the cows with urea levels less than this value on the insemination day. As PUN and MUN increased to greater than 16 mg/dl, the likelihood ratio for pregnancy decreased. There was a high correlation between PUN and MUN concentrations (r²= 0.97, p≤ 0.001). The results of this study indicate that an increase in PUN or MUN can exert director indirect effects in reproduction, impairing the conception of grazing dairy cows

CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO MUNICIPAL DE SÃO JOSÉ: SOB O OLHAR DA SUSTENTABILIDADE

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as medidas que o Centro Universitário Municipal de São José (USJ) adota, no que tange a sustentabilidade, utilizando-se para isto o referencial teórico da gestão universitária e sustentabilidade. A pesquisa é aplicada, quanto a abordagem é classificada como quantitativa e qualitativa, sendo utilizado o método estudo de caso, com a aplicação do método SICOGEA Geração 3. Foram selecionados cinco critérios para a análise: fornecedores/compras, ecoeficiência do processo de prestação de serviço, prestação do serviço (atendimento ao acadêmico), responsabilidade social na instituição, recursos humanos na instituição. Com exceção do item responsabilidade social na instituição que obteve a avaliação de péssimo, os demais itens obtiveram como avaliação de fraco. Esse resultado é visto como reflexo de uma gestão em que a questão da sustentabilidade não é atribuída de forma efetiva em suas ações

Pittosporum Undulatum and Hedychium Gardnerianum: nutritive value and secondary metabolites on cattle reproductive performances

Hedychium gardnerianum (HG) and Pittospporum undulatum (PU) are invasive plants all over the world, being in the Azores supplied to cattle on periods of shortage food. As these plants produce secondary metabolites, including a diverse range of phytochemicals compounds, the aim of the presente study is to identify how these metabolites can be related to animal’s reproductive performances. For such purpose, plants were harvested on winter, compounds extracted by method of decoction and analysed by combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry as well as highperformance liquid chromatography. For nutritive evaluations, Van Soest and Weende methodologies were used. In HG quercetin-3, 4'-di-O-betaglucopyranoside, myricetin rhamnoside, quercetin rhamnoside, and gibberellin A1 and A8 were identified, while for PU were found cafeic acid derivatives, including dicaffeoylquinic acid and caffeoylquinic acid. In nutritional terms, these plants can be considered as poor, presenting percentages of dry matter (DM%) of 16.34% and 40.39%, respectively for HG and PU. Values for ash 10.4%, crude protein (CP) 7.75%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 64.5, acid detergent fiber (ADF) 34.69%, acid detergent lignin (ADL) 3.47% and ether extract (EE) 2.03% were found for HG. For PU values were ash 6.64%, CP 6.11%, NDF 43.84%, acid ADF 35.57%, ADL 3.56% and EE 2.71%. This study clearly indicated that, besides their low nutritive values, these plants can be used to feed ruminants, especially when pasture lacks. Nevertheless, as some compounds, namely the caffeoylquinic and dicaffeoylquinic acids, are known to be associated to physiological reproductive mechanisms, one could speculate that these compounds can be directly or indirectly associated to reproductive performances in bovine fed with these plants