Lack of class I H-2 antigens in cells transformed by radiation leukemia virus is associated with methylation and rearrangement of H-2 DNA

Transformation of murine thymocytes by radiation leukemia virus is associated with reduced expression of the class I antigens encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and increased methylation and altered restriction enzyme patterns of MHC DNA. These changes may play a role in host susceptibility to virus-induced leukemogenesis and accord with the notion that viral genomes play a regulatory function when they integrate adjacent to histocompatibiity genes

Age impairs soluble guanylyl cyclase function in mouse mesenteric arteries

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) comes with age, even without overt vessel damage such as that which occurs in atherosclerosis and diabetic vasculopathy. We hypothesized that aging would affect the downstream signalling of the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) system in the vascular smooth muscle (VSM). With this in mind, resistance mesenteric arteries were isolated from 13-week (juvenile) and 40-week-old (aged) mice and tested under isometric conditions using wire myography. Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation was reduced in aged as compared to juvenile vessels. Pretreatment with L-NAME, which inhibits nitrix oxide synthases (NOS), decreased ACh-mediated vasorelaxation, whereby differences in vasorelaxation between groups disappeared. Endothelium-independent vasorelaxation by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was similar in both groups; however, SNP bolus application (10(-6) mol L(-1)) as well as soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activation by runcaciguat (10(-6) mol L(-1)) caused faster responses in juvenile vessels. This was accompanied by higher cGMP concentrations and a stronger response to the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil in juvenile vessels. Mesenteric arteries and aortas did not reveal apparent histological differences between groups (van Gieson staining). The mRNA expression of the α1 and α2 subunits of sGC was lower in aged animals, as was PDE5 mRNA expression. In conclusion, vasorelaxation is compromised at an early age in mice even in the absence of histopathological alterations. Vascular smooth muscle sGC is a key element in aged vessel dysfunction

New insight into kinetics behavor of the structural formation process in Agar gelation

A time-resolved experimental study on the kinetics and relaxation of the structural formation process in gelling Agar-water solutions was carried out using our custom-built torsion resonator. The study was based on measurements of three naturally cooled solutions with agar concentrations of 0.75%, 1.0% and 2.0% w/w. It was found that the natural-cooling agar gelation process could be divided into three stages, sol stage (Stage I), gelation zone (Stage II) and gel stage (Stage III), based on the time/temperature evolutions of the structural development rate (SDR). An interesting fluctuant decaying behavior of SDR was observed in Stage II and III, indicative of a sum of multiple relaxation processes and well described by a multiple-order Gaussisn-like equation: . More interestingly, the temperature dependences of the fitted values of Wn in Stage II and Stage III were found to follow the different Arrhenius laws, with different activation energies of EaII= 39-74 KJ/mol and EaIII~7.0 KJ/mol. The two different Arrhenius-like behaviors respectively suggest that dispersions in Stage II be attributed to the relaxation of the self-assembly of agar molecules or the growth of junction zones en route to gelation, in which the formation or fission of hydrogen bonding interactions plays an important role; and that dispersions in Stage III be attributed to the relaxation dynamics of water released from various size domains close to the domain of the viscous flow of water during the syneresis process.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

The management of acute venous thromboembolism in clinical practice. Results from the European PREFER in VTE Registry

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Europe. Data from real-world registries are necessary, as clinical trials do not represent the full spectrum of VTE patients seen in clinical practice. We aimed to document the epidemiology, management and outcomes of VTE using data from a large, observational database. PREFER in VTE was an international, non-interventional disease registry conducted between January 2013 and July 2015 in primary and secondary care across seven European countries. Consecutive patients with acute VTE were documented and followed up over 12 months. PREFER in VTE included 3,455 patients with a mean age of 60.8 ± 17.0 years. Overall, 53.0 % were male. The majority of patients were assessed in the hospital setting as inpatients or outpatients (78.5 %). The diagnosis was deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) in 59.5 % and pulmonary embolism (PE) in 40.5 %. The most common comorbidities were the various types of cardiovascular disease (excluding hypertension; 45.5 %), hypertension (42.3 %) and dyslipidaemia (21.1 %). Following the index VTE, a large proportion of patients received initial therapy with heparin (73.2 %), almost half received a vitamin K antagonist (48.7 %) and nearly a quarter received a DOAC (24.5 %). Almost a quarter of all presentations were for recurrent VTE, with >80 % of previous episodes having occurred more than 12 months prior to baseline. In conclusion, PREFER in VTE has provided contemporary insights into VTE patients and their real-world management, including their baseline characteristics, risk factors, disease history, symptoms and signs, initial therapy and outcomes

On the respective terms of the derived and the polycentral series of a free lie algebra and an ideal

Let F be a free Lie algebra of rank > 1 and S be an ideal of F. Denote by Fm and Fn1 …, nkthe terms of the lower central and the polycentral series of F. The aim of this paper is to provide a sufficient condition for the quotient algebra Fn1, …,nk/sn1, … nkto be infinitely generated. The case Fm/Sm was studied in [6] for free groups and in (2) for free Lie algebras. In this paper the following main theorem is proved: If F ? F2 + S, k ? 1 and ni > 1 for i=l,…,k, then Fn1, …,nk/sn1, … nk is infinitely generated. © 1992, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved

ON THE RESPECTIVE TERMS OF THE DERIVED AND THE POLYCENTRAL SERIES OF A FREE LIE-ALGEBRA AND AN IDEAL

WOS: A1992KA99800013Let F be a free Lie algebra of rank > 1 and S be an ideal of F. Denote by F(m) and F(n1),...,n(k) the terms of the lower central and the polycentral series of F. The aim of this paper is to provide a sufficient condition for the quotient algebra F(n1),..,n(k)/S(n1),..n(k) to be infinitely generated. The case F(m)/S(m) was studied in [6] for free groups and in [2) for free Lie algebras. In this paper the following main theorem is proved : If F not-equal F2 + S, k greater-than-or-equal-to 1 and n(i) > 1 for i=1,..,k, then F(n1),..,n(k)/S(n1),..,n(k) is infinitely generated

Effect of Water Structure on Gelation of Agar in Glycerol Solutions and Phase Diagram of Agar Organogels

A comprehensive study of hydration of polyanionic agar molecules in its solution and gel phase in glycerol–water binary solvent is reported. Raman spectroscopy results predict differential water structure arrangement for glycerol–water binary solvent, 0.02% (w/v) agar in glycerol solution and 0.3% (w/v) agar organogel. The 3200 cm^–1 Raman band pertaining to ice-like structure of water was found to increase in gel phase alike in glycerol–water solvent while it decreased in agar solutions with increase in glycerol concentration. In contrast, the partially structured water corresponding to the component 3310 cm^–1 of Raman spectra increased in agar solution, and decreased in gel phase similar to glycerol–water solvent case. We have explained these observations based on a simple model where the available oxygen to hydrogen atom ratio in a given solvent–polymer system uniquely defines hydration in solution and gel phases. The gelation concentration was found to increase from 0.18 (for water) to 0.22% (w/v) (50% v/v glycerol solution) as the glycerol concentration was raised. Correspondingly, the gelation temperature, <i>T</i>_g, showed a decline from 40 to 20 °C, and the gel melting temperature, <i>T</i>_m, revealed a reduction from 81 to 65 °C in the same glycerol concentration regime. Two distinctive features are evident here: (i) presence of glycerol as a cosolvent does not favor the gelation of agar as compared to water and (ii) agar organogels are softer than their hydrogels. A unique 3D phase diagram for the agar organogel is proposed. Circular dichroism data confirmed that the agar molecules retained their biological activity in these solvents. Thus, it is shown that thermo-mechanical properties of these organogels could be systematically tuned and adapted as per application requirement