1,153 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Simulated last glacial maximum D14Catm and the deep glacial ocean carbon reservoir
â14Catm has been estimated as 420 ± 80â° (IntCal09) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) compared to preindustrial times (0â°), but mechanisms explaining this difference are not yet resolved. â14Catm is a function of both cosmogenic production in the high atmosphere and of carbon cycling and partitioning in the Earth system. 10Be-based reconstructions show a contribution of the cosmogenic production term of only 200 ± 200â° in the LGM. The remaining 220â° have thus to be explained by changes in the carbon cycle. Recently, Bouttes et al. (2010, 2011) proposed to explain most of the difference in pCO2atm and ÎŽ13C between glacial and interglacial times as a result of brine-induced ocean stratification in the Southern Ocean. This mechanism involves the formation of very saline water masses that contribute to high carbon storage in the deep ocean. During glacial times, the sinking of brines is enhanced and more carbon is stored in the deep ocean, lowering pCO2atm. Moreover, the sinking of brines induces increased stratification in the Southern Ocean, which keeps the deep ocean well isolated from the surface. Such an isolated ocean reservoir would be characterized by a low â14C signature. Evidence of such 14C-depleted deep waters during the LGM has recently been found in the Southern Ocean (Skinner et al. 2010). The degassing of this carbon with low â14C would then reduce â14Catm throughout the deglaciation. We have further developed the CLIMBER-2 model to include a cosmogenic production of 14C as well as an interactive atmospheric 14C reservoir. We investigate the role of both the sinking of brine and cosmogenic production, alongside iron fertilization mechanisms, to explain changes in â14Catm during the last deglaciation. In our simulations, not only is the sinking of brine mechanism consistent with past â14C data, but it also explains most of the differences in pCO2atm and â14Catm between the LGM and preindustrial times. Finally, this study represents the first time to our knowledge that a model experiment explains glacial-interglacial differences in pCO2atm, ÎŽ13C, and â14C together with a coherent LGM climate
Cosmic-ray Monte Carlo predictions for forward particle production in p-p, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
We present and compare the predictions of various cosmic-ray Monte Carlo
models for the energy (dE/deta) and particle (dN/deta) flows in p-p, p-Pb and
Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt(s) = 14, 8.8, and 5.5 TeV respectively, in the range
covered by forward LHC detectors like CASTOR or TOTEM (5.2<|eta|<6.6) and ZDC
or LHCf (|eta|>8.1 for neutrals).Comment: 5 pages, 5 figs. Poster proceedings Quark-Matter'08, Jaipur. To
appear in Indian J. of Phy
Occupations and geographical distribution of mesothelioma in Switzerland 1989-2018 - record linkage of an asbestos-exposed population with the Swiss National Cohort
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the possibility of linking the data of the Swiss Laboratory for Particle Analysis (Silag), a valuable but incomplete data source in the field of asbestos-related diseases, to the Swiss National Cohort (SNC). With the resulting comprehensive dataset, we intended to provide a source for further research in the field. We also conducted preliminary analyses of data focusing on occupations and regional distribution of malignant pleural mesothelioma cases.
METHODS
Data of asbestos-exposed individuals available from the Silag were anonymously linked with the SNC by means of deterministic record linkage. From this linkage, data on occupation classified according to the international standard classification of occupations (ISCO) as well as the canton of residence in Switzerland could be retrieved.
RESULTS
Of 838 eligible individuals from the Silag data, 788 (94.0%) could be linked to the SNC database, including 476 mesothelioma cases. In 340 cases of the latter, data on occupation and industries were available. Although the majority of them were blue-collar workers, a significant proportion (n = 44, 12.9%) had executive professions. The Canton of residence in 1990 was established in 430 of subjects with mesothelioma. A cluster could be identified in eastern Switzerland, especially in the canton of Glarus.
CONCLUSIONS
It was possible to link the datasets to a large extent thereby creating a data source for further research. Of note, the linkage provided data on occupation of a selection of mesothelioma cases in Switzerland
Impact of oceanic processes on the carbon cycle during the last termination
During the last termination (from ~18 000 years ago to ~9000 years ago), the climate significantly warmed and the ice sheets melted. Simultaneously, atmospheric CO2 increased from ~190 ppm to ~260 ppm. Although this CO2 rise plays an important role in the deglacial warming, the reasons for its evolution are difficult to explain. Only box models have been used to run transient simulations of this carbon cycle transition, but by forcing the model with data constrained scenarios of the evolution of temperature, sea level, sea ice, NADW formation, Southern Ocean vertical mixing and biological carbon pump. More complex models (including GCMs) have investigated some of these mechanisms but they have only been used to try and explain LGM versus present day steady-state climates.
In this study we use a coupled climate-carbon model of intermediate complexity to explore the role of three oceanic processes in transient simulations: the sinking of brines, stratification-dependent diffusion and iron fertilization. Carbonate compensation is accounted for in these simulations. We show that neither iron fertilization nor the sinking of brines alone can account for the evolution of CO2, and that only the combination of the sinking of brines and interactive diffusion can simultaneously simulate the increase in deep Southern Ocean ÎŽ13C. The scenario that agrees best with the data takes into account all mechanisms and favours a rapid cessation of the sinking of brines around 18 000 years ago, when the Antarctic ice sheet extent was at its maximum. In this scenario, we make the hypothesis that sea ice formation was then shifted to the open ocean where the salty water is quickly mixed with fresher water, which prevents deep sinking of salty water and therefore breaks down the deep stratification and releases carbon from the abyss. Based on this scenario, it is possible to simulate both the amplitude and timing of the long-term CO2 increase during the last termination in agreement with ice core data. The atmospheric ÎŽ13C appears to be highly sensitive to changes in the terrestrial biosphere, underlining the need to better constrain the vegetation evolution during the termination
Towards a standard jet definition
In a simulated measurement of the -boson mass, evaluation of Fisher's
information shows the optimal jet definition to be physically equivalent to the
algorithm while being much faster at large multiplicities.Comment: version to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett., 4 page
Dynamical noncommutativity
The model of dynamical noncommutativity is proposed. The system consists of
two interrelated parts. The first of them describes the physical degrees of
freedom with coordinates q^1, q^2, the second one corresponds to the
noncommutativity r which has a proper dynamics. After quantization the
commutator of two physical coordinates is proportional to the function of r.
The interesting feature of our model is the dependence of nonlocality on the
energy of the system. The more the energy, the more the nonlocality. The
lidding contribution is due to the mode of noncommutativity, however, the
physical degrees of freedom also contribute in nonlocality in higher orders in
\theta.Comment: published versio
Hard diffraction in hadron--hadron interactions and in photoproduction
Hard single diffractive processes are studied within the framework of the
triple--Pomeron approximation. Using a Pomeron structure function motivated by
Regge--theory we obtain parton distribution functions which do not obey
momentum sum rule. Based on Regge-- factorization cross sections for hard
diffraction are calculated. Furthermore, the model is applied to hard
diffractive particle production in photoproduction and in
interactions.Comment: 13 pages, Latex, 13 uuencoded figure
Particle production azimuthal asymmetries in a clustering of color sources model
The collective interactions of many partons in the first stage of the
collisions is the usual accepted explanation of the sizable elliptical flow.
The clustering of color sources provides a framework of partonic interactions.
In this scheme, we show a reasonable agreement with RHIC data for pT<1.5 GeV/c
in both the dependence of v2 transverse momentum and in the shape of the
nuclear modified factor on the azimuthal angle for different centralities. We
show the predictions at LHC energies for Pb-Pb. In the case of proton-proton
collisions a sizable v2 is obtained at this energy.Comment: To appear in Journal of Physics
- âŠ