Gaining interpretive competence through cross-cultural dialogue among teachers and researchers

We examined the complexities of developing and implementing school curricula that reflect the goals for equality for students outlined in the Canadian Multiculturalism Act. Stories of teaching and learning experiences were presented to teacher-researchers as a means of generating discussion about differences in perspective pertaining to the curricular needs of an ethnically diverse student population. We articulate this ongoing inquiry about how best to meet the needs of a diverse society in terms of enhancing a sense of ‘interpretive competence’ (Conle, 1997b, Conle et al., 2000, Conle, 2000). ACQUÉRIR LA COMPÉTENCE INTERPRÉTATIVE GRÂCE AU DIALOGUE INTERCULTUREL ENTRE ENSEIGNANTS ET CHERCHEURS--Nous avons étudié les complexités inhérentes à l’élaboration et à l’application d’un programme scolaire qui tient compte des objectifs d’égalité pour les étudiants, tels qu’ils sont définis dans la Loi sur le multiculturalisme canadien. Différentes expériences d’enseignement et d’apprentissage ont été présentées aux enseignants-chercheurs en vue de susciter une discussion sur les différentes perspectives touchant les besoins en matière de programmes d’une population étudiante pluriethnique. Nous articulons cette recherche continue sur la meilleure façon de répondre aux besoins d’une société diversifiée en l’axant sur une forme de « compétence interprétative » (Conle, 1997b, Conle et al., 2000, Conle, 2000)

Monitoring and Habitat Assessment of Declining Bumble Bees in Roadsides in the Twin Cities Metro Area of Minnesota

Several bumble bee species have declined dramatically, including the endangered rusty-patched bumble bee, Bombus affinis. Roadsides offer a unique opportunity to increase habitat for these declining species. The objectives of this study are to: (1) characterize the bumble bee community and floral availability within roadsides in the Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota, metro area, (2) estimate detection probabilities and occupancy for bumble bees using occupancy modeling, (3) determine the effort needed to detect rusty-patched bumble bees, and (4) examine the relationship of the bumble bee community to the surrounding landscape. We use rapid and broad-scale sampling at randomly selected locations. Despite overall low floral abundance, many bumble bee species, including rare and declining species, use roadsides. Occupancy models predict rusty-patched bumble bees occupy 4% of sites, with a 30% chance of detection if it is at the site. We recommend performing nine surveys in a single season to be 95% sure that B. affinis is detected if it is there. Bumble bee abundances and species numbers increase with more wooded area and floral cover. Crops are negatively associated with bee abundance, species numbers, and the presence of rare bumble bees. Our management recommendations for roadsides to support rare and declining bumble bees are: (1) incorporate additional bumble bee forage, (2) when weed control requires elimination of flowering plants, replace with bumble bee forage, (3) use our estimates for occupancy and abundance as a baseline to assess conservation efforts for bumble bees within roadsides in the metropolitan area of Minneapolis and Saint Paul

Walking: the first steps in cardiovascular disease prevention

Health professionals are presented with the challenge of prescribing physical activity that is likely to be sustained by the sedentary majority. Walking is eminently suited to physical activity prescription for inactive individuals as it is accessible to men and women of all age and social groups and poses little risk of injury. This paper reviews recent evidence of the health benefits of walking and promotion of walking behavior

Patterns and rates of exonic de novo mutations in autism spectrum disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are believed to have genetic and environmental origins, yet in only a modest fraction of individuals can specific causes be identified1,2. To identify further genetic risk factors, we assess the role of de novo mutations in ASD by sequencing the exomes of ASD cases and their parents (n= 175 trios). Fewer than half of the cases (46.3%) carry a missense or nonsense de novo variant and the overall rate of mutation is only modestly higher than the expected rate. In contrast, there is significantly enriched connectivity among the proteins encoded by genes harboring de novo missense or nonsense mutations, and excess connectivity to prior ASD genes of major effect, suggesting a subset of observed events are relevant to ASD risk. The small increase in rate of de novo events, when taken together with the connections among the proteins themselves and to ASD, are consistent with an important but limited role for de novo point mutations, similar to that documented for de novo copy number variants. Genetic models incorporating these data suggest that the majority of observed de novo events are unconnected to ASD, those that do confer risk are distributed across many genes and are incompletely penetrant (i.e., not necessarily causal). Our results support polygenic models in which spontaneous coding mutations in any of a large number of genes increases risk by 5 to 20-fold. Despite the challenge posed by such models, results from de novo events and a large parallel case-control study provide strong evidence in favor of CHD8 and KATNAL2 as genuine autism risk factors

Gaining interpretive competence through cross-cultural dialogue among teachers and researchers

We examined the complexities of developing and implementing school curricula that reflect the goals for equality for students outlined in the Canadian Multiculturalism Act. Stories of teaching and learning experiences were presented to teacher-researchers as a means of generating discussion about differences in perspective pertaining to the curricular needs of an ethnically diverse student population. We articulate this ongoing inquiry about how best to meet the needs of a diverse society in terms of enhancing a sense of ‘interpretive competence’ (Conle, 1997b, Conle et al., 2000, Conle, 2000). ACQUÉRIR LA COMPÉTENCE INTERPRÉTATIVE GRÂCE AU DIALOGUE INTERCULTUREL ENTRE ENSEIGNANTS ET CHERCHEURS--Nous avons étudié les complexités inhérentes à l’élaboration et à l’application d’un programme scolaire qui tient compte des objectifs d’égalité pour les étudiants, tels qu’ils sont définis dans la Loi sur le multiculturalisme canadien. Différentes expériences d’enseignement et d’apprentissage ont été présentées aux enseignants-chercheurs en vue de susciter une discussion sur les différentes perspectives touchant les besoins en matière de programmes d’une population étudiante pluriethnique. Nous articulons cette recherche continue sur la meilleure façon de répondre aux besoins d’une société diversifiée en l’axant sur une forme de « compétence interprétative » (Conle, 1997b, Conle et al., 2000, Conle, 2000)

Holding the key to the hall of democracy, professional education for librarianship in Toronto, 1882-1936

grantor: University of TorontoThe history of women's higher or professional education in the mid-nineteenth century is an expanding field. A great deal of study has been done on the traditional fields of teaching, nursing and social work. However, education for librarianship has been largely overlooked by educational historians in Canada. Most of what research exists has been done by people in the field; librarians or those responsible for educating them. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the larger body of educational history. My focus falls mainly on the education for librarianship in Toronto from 1882 to 1936. In these years the Toronto Public Library opened, trained its own staff and supported the Provincial Training School for Librarians. This Library School was run, without fee, for the benefit of public librarians by the Department of Education. It operated initially as a short summer course which gradually grew to become a full year course at the University of Toronto. At the University, education in Library Science was not a degree program until 1936. It is the object of this study to situate education for librarianship at the University of Toronto, the Library School and the Toronto Public Library within the larger environment of the Public Library Movement and the training of librarians in North America. It is my belief and the premise of this work that significant professional education occurred in the years before the first Bachelor of Library Science was conferred by the University of Toronto.Ph.D

University Personnel\u27s Attitudes and Behaviors Toward the First Tobacco-Free Campus Policy in Tennessee

In 1994, Tennessee, the third largest tobacco-producing state in the U.S., preempted tobacco regulation. However, in 2005, higher educational institutions were exempted from this preemption and the 2007 Non-Smoker Protection Act required educational facilities to create smoke-free environment. To this date, while all higher educational institutions have some sort of smoke-free policy, East Tennessee State University is the only public institution with a tobacco-free policy. We investigated attitudes and behaviors of the university personnel, the most stable segment of the population, toward the policy and compliance with it using an internet-based survey. All employees (2,318) were invited to participate in a survey; 58% responded. Bivariate analyses found 79% of the respondents favored the policy. Multiple variable logistic regression analyses found support for the policy was higher among females [OR = 3.14; 95% CI (1.68, 5.86)], administrators/professionals [OR = 3.47; 95% CI (1.78, 6.74)], faculty [OR = 2.69; 95% CI (1.31, 5.53)] and those affiliated with the College of Medicine [OR = 4.14; 95% CI (1.45, 7.85)]. While only 67 employees (5.6% of sample) reported they have not complied with the policy, around 80.8% reported observing someone engaged in non-compliance. The high level of support for the policy suggests it should be promoted throughout the higher education system and nationwide. At the same time, in preemptive states, higher educational institutions should be targeted as venues for strong tobacco-free policies. The gap in compliance, however, implies in tobacco-friendly environments, a tobacco-free campus policy with no reporting and enforcement mechanisms could lead to high levels of non-compliance

Chapitre 15. Les bibliothèques

Les bibliothèques gouvernementales ross gordon Avant 1918, la plupart des bibliothèques gouvernementales du Canada relevaient des assemblées législatives. Quelques ministères fédéraux, notamment ceux de l’Agriculture, de la Défense et des Mines, avaient la leur à Ottawa, à l’instar des archives du Dominion et de la Cour suprême, héritières de la Bibliothèque du Parlement. En 1918, des collections surgissent à la Galerie nationale du Canada, au Bureau fédéral de la statistique et au ministère ..

The 1993 BFA Graduating Class Department of Visual Arts

The Graduate students in the Visual Arts program have selected for inclusion in this cataloguepieces that symbolize the Acomplishments of the years of study and application. The images are the summary of a complex of learning experiences, both theoretical and applied. They reflect the critical processes of the studio, the Library, the environment and the traditional classroom; they are the results of dynamic and rigorous interaction between teachers and colleagues, peers and mentors, throughout this undergraduate experience

Salmonella Effector AvrA Regulation of Colonic Epithelial Cell Inflammation by Deubiquitination

AvrA is a newly described bacterial effector existing in Salmonella. Here, we test the hypothesis that AvrA is a deubiquitinase that removes ubiquitin from two inhibitors of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, IκBα and β-catenin, thereby inhibiting the inflammatory responses of the host. The role of AvrA was assessed in intestinal epithelial cell models and in mouse models infected with AvrA-deficient and -sufficient Salmonella strains. We also purified AvrA and AvrA mutant proteins and characterized their deubiquitinase activity in a cell-free system. We investigated target gene and inflammatory cytokine expression, as well as effects on epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis induced by AvrA-deficient and -sufficient bacterial strains in vivo. Our results show that AvrA blocks degradation of IκBα and β-catenin in epithelial cells. AvrA deubiquitinates IκBα, which blocks its degradation and leads to the inhibition of NF-κB activation. Target genes of the NF-κB pathway, such as interleukin-6, were correspondingly down-regulated during bacterial infection with Salmonella expressing AvrA. AvrA also deubiquitinates and thus blocks degradation of β-catenin. Target genes of the β-catenin pathway, such as c-myc and cyclinD1, were correspondingly up-regulated with AvrA expression. Increased β-catenin further negatively regulates the NF-κB pathway. Our findings suggest an important role for AvrA in regulating host inflammatory responses through NF-κB and β-catenin pathways