The predictive factors of readiness for treatment in stimulant substance abusers

Background and aims: Readiness for treatment is affected by some factors that their identification helps greatly to detect the rate of treatment readiness among substance abusers and to plan interventions for effective treatment readiness. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive factors of treatment readiness in stimulant substance abusers. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 123 stimulant substance abusers in outpatients and self-referred to clinics of substance abuse in Tehran were selected by convenience sampling. Assessment was performed by the Pre-treatment Readiness Scale (PRS), Barriers Questionnaire and Demographical Characteristic Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regressions by PASW software. Results: There was a significantly positive relationship between problem recognition and desire for change with treatment readiness. There was a significantly negative relationship between severity of substance abuse’s effects and perceived barriers for treatment with treatment readiness as well (P<0.001). Using problem recognition, desire for change, severity of substance abuse’s effects, and perceived barriers for treatment significantly predicted the treatment readiness (P<0.001). All of them explained 86% of the treatment readiness variance (R2=0/866). Conclusion: Problem recognition, desire for change, severity of substance abuse’s effects, and perceived barriers for treatment are important for the treatment readiness of stimulant substances abusers. Assessment and appropriate intervention in readiness for the treatment of stimulant substance abusers are important and necessary before their complete admission for treatmen

Predicting diabetes management self-efficacy base on hardiness and coping strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Stress and negative emotions has a role in prediction type 2 diabetes mellitus and Self- efficacy effectiveness on commitment to self- management behaviors. Objective: To investigate predicting diabetes management self-efficacy base on hardiness and coping strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this correlational study, patients with type 2 diabetes (57 mild and 59 severe) were selected by convenience sampling in diabetic outpatient clinics of Bu-Ali and Velaiat hospitals in Qazvin. Data were collected by demographical characteristics questionnaire and scales of Personal Views Survey (PVS), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), and Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Scale (DMSES). Then, data analyzed by T test and multivariate regression. Findings: Results showed mild patient with diabetes are significantly higher than severe patient with diabetes in commitment, challenge and control subscales and total of hardiness. Also, mild patient most used problem solving and avoidance coping strategies and severe patient most used emotional oriented coping strategies. Mild patient have higher score in total of diabetes management self-efficacy. 75% of variance for diabetes management self-efficacy was predicted by hardiness and coping strategies. The total regression model explained that hardiness and emotional oriented coping predicted 0/43 and -0/36 of self-efficacy (P<0/001). Conclusion: Components such as commitment, control, challenge, effective coping strategies (decrease negative feelings and emotional regulation) shared with diabetes management selfefficacy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and must be paid attention to this factors for health counseling. Keywords: Hardiness, Coping Strategies with Stress, Self-Efficacy, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitu

Improving Cognitive Regulation in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Using Cyberspace-Based and Family-Centered Intervention

Introduction:Bipolar Affective Disorder is cyclic swinging of mood between mania or hypomania and depression. The present study aimed to examine cognitive regulation in patients with bipolar disorder using the cyberspace-based family-centered intervention.Method:This study was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design and a follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included patients with bipolar disorder and a family member. 30 patients with a family member were selected by convenient sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Garnefski Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) was the research tool. After administration of the questionnaires, the Miklowitz family-focused therapy was performed for the experimental group using cyberspace. At the end of the course, participants in both groups were evaluated using the research tools. Data were analyzed using SPSS22 software and mixed analysis of variance with the repeated measures.Result:The results of analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the Miklowitz model led to a significant difference in the score of emotion regulation with an effect size of 45% in the experimental and control groups (P&lt;0.05). In other words, the cognitive emotion regulation and its subscales have been evident in the experimental group. Conclusion:As a result, it can be said that the use of the Miklowitz model through cyberspace affects cognitive emotion regulation and subscales of self-blame, acceptance, rumination, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, catastrophizing, and other-blame.Declaration of Interest: Non

اثربخشي برنامه آموزش کنترل قُلدري بر عزت نفس و خودپنداره تحصيلي دانش آموزان قُلدر

Background and Objectives: Today, bullying and its methods of prevention and control have attracted the attention of researchers in the field of education. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of control bullying training on self-esteem and school self-concept in bully students. &nbsp;Materials and Methods: The statistical population included male students in the range 14-17-year-old of public schools in Tehran during the academic year of 2018-19.&nbsp; A total of 40 subjects (20 controls and 20 experimental groups) were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control groups. Using a pilot, pre-test, post-test, and follow-up one month with the control group, Hartler's bullying and Rosenberg self-esteem and school self-concept questionnaires were completed. Then, experimental testing of control bullying training was performed in 8 sessions on the experimental group and after the completion of the sessions the post-test was presented to both groups. After that, a month's follow-up was carried out. For data analysis, analysis of repeated measurements was used. Results: The results showed that the control bullying training program on self-esteem (F=10.796 and p=0.002) and school self-concept (F=7.971 and p=0.008) between the two groups made a significant difference in the three stages of evaluation. This means that control bullying training helped to promote self-esteem and self-concept of bullying victims. Conclusion: Based on the results of bullying control training, self-esteem, and self-concept of students aged 14-17 years have been effective and can be used to control the students' bullying and anger. Therefore, the awareness of parents, teachers, managers and other professionals is important for these training. How to cite this article: Akbari Balootbangan A, Talepasand S, Mohammad Rezaei A, Rahimian Boogar I. The Effectiveness of Control Bullying Training on Self-Esteem and School Self-Concept in Bully Students. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2020; 8(1):1-10.سابقه و هدف: امروزه قلدري و روش‌هاي پيشگيري و کنترل آن مورد توجه عموم پژوهشگران حوزه تعليم و تربيت قرار گرفته است. لذا هدف از پژوهش حاضر تعيين اثربخشي برنامه آموزش کنترل قلدري بر عزت‌نفس و خودپنداره تحصيلي دانش‌آموزان قلدر بود. روش بررسي: جامعه آماري شامل دانش‌آموزان پسر 14 تا 17 ساله مدارس دولتي شهر تهران در سال تحصيلي 98-97 بود. تعداد 40 نفر (20 نفر گروه کنترل و 20 نفر گروه آزمايش) به روش تصادفي در دو گروه آزمايش و کنترل گمارده شدند. با بهره‌گيري از يک طرح آزمايشي پيش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون و پيگيري يک‌ماهه با گروه کنترل، دانش‌آموزان ابتدا پرسشنامه‌هاي قلدري Harter، عزت‌نفس روزنبرگ و خودپنداره تحصيلي را تکميل کردند و سپس کاربندي آزمايشي آموزش کنترل قلدري در 8 جلسه بر روي گروه آزمايش اجرا و بعد از اتمام جلسات پس‌آزمون براي هر دو گروه ارائه شد. پس از آن پيگيري يک‌ماهه به اجرا درآمد. براي تحليل داده‌ها از روش تحليل واريانس با اندازه‌گيري‌هاي تکراري استفاده شد. يافته‌ها: نتايج نشان داد که برنامه آموزشي کنترل قلدري بر عزت‌نفس (796/10=F و 002/0=p) و خودپنداره تحصيلي (971/7=F و 008/0=p) بين دو گروه در سه مرحله ارزيابي تفاوت معني‌داري ايجاد کرده است. به اين معني که آموزش کنترل قلدري باعث ارتقاي عزت‌نفس و خودپنداره تحصيلي دانش‌آموزان قلدر شد. نتيجه‌گيري: بر اساس نتايج آموزش کنترل قلدري بر عزت‌نفس و خودپنداره تحصيلي دانش‌آموزان 14 تا 17 ساله اثربخش بوده و مي‌توان از اين آموزش جهت کنترل قلدري و خشم دانش‌آموزان استفاده کرد. لذا آگاهي والدين، معلمان، مديران و ساير متخصصان از اين آموزش‌ها حائز اهميت است. How to cite this article: Akbari Balootbangan A, Talepasand S, Mohammad Rezaei A, Rahimian Boogar I. The Effectiveness of Control Bullying Training on Self-Esteem and School Self-Concept in Bully Students. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2020; 8(1):1-10

The effect of spiritual/religious intervention on inner strength in women with breast cancer

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Cancer is accompanied with psycho-social aspects that require complementary spiritual/religious interventions along with medical interventions for treating these patients. Thus, the present study aimed at examining the effect of religious/spiritual interventions on the inner strength of women suffering from breast cancer.Method: This study adopted a quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest in three groups–namely experimental, placebo, and control. Convenience sampling was used to select 41 participants out of the women referring to Omid radiotherapy and chemotherapy center, and Bandar-Abbas specialized clinics from Mehr 95 through Tir 96. The participants were randomly assigned to experimental (14 persons), placebo (14 persons), and control (13 persons) groups. The experimental group underwent individual spiritual/religious intervention in 10 sessions and the placebo group was exposed neutral training, while the control group received no treatment. Data were collected by questionnaires on inner strength and demographic features in pretests and posttests and analyzed through repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance. All ethical issues were observed in this study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests.Results: The findings indicated significant differences between the intervention group and placebo/control group in terms of the rise of inner strength, and the subscales of Engagement, Connectedness, Anguish and Searching, and Movement (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: Based on the findings, as a complement to typical medical cares, individual spiritual/religious intervention has positive effects on internal power and its subscales in women suffering from breast cancer. It is possible to use this intervention to enhance the psychological status in cancer treatment.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Davari S, Rahimian Boogar I, Talepasand S, Evazi MR. The effect of spiritual/religious intervention on inner strength in women with breast cancer. J Res Relig Health. 2019; 4(5): 27- 44

Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Stroke remains the second cause of death worldwide. The mechanisms underlying the adverse association of exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) with overall cardiovascular disease may also apply to stroke. Our objective was to systematically evaluate the epidemiological evidence regarding the associations of long-term exposure to TRAP with stroke. Methods PubMed and LUDOK electronic databases were searched systematically for observational epidemiological studies from 1980 through 2019 on long-term exposure to TRAP and stroke with an update in January 2022. TRAP was defined according to a comprehensive protocol based on pollutant and exposure assessment methods or proximity metrics. Study selection, data extraction, risk of bias (RoB) and confidence assessments were conducted according to standardized protocols. We performed meta-analyses using random effects models; sensitivity analyses were assessed by geographic area, RoB, fatality, traffic specificity and new studies. Results Nineteen studies were included. The meta-analytic relative risks (and 95% confidence intervals) were: 1.03 (0.98-1.09) per 1 μg/m3 EC, 1.09 (0.96-1.23) per 10 μg/m3 PM10, 1.08 (0.89-1.32) per 5 μg/m3 PM2.5, 0.98 (0.92; 1.05) per 10 μg/m3 NO2 and 0.99 (0.94; 1.04) per 20 μg/m3 NOx with little to moderate heterogeneity based on 6, 5, 4, 7 and 8 studies, respectively. The confidence assessments regarding the quality of the body of evidence and separately regarding the presence of an association of TRAP with stroke considering all available evidence were rated low and moderate, respectively. Conclusion The available literature provides low to moderate evidence for an association of TRAP with stroke

Prevalence and predictors of low back pain among the Iranian population: Results from the Persian cohort study

Background and objectives: Low back pain (LBP) is a common health condition in populations. Limited large-scale population-based studies evaluated the prevalence and predictors of LBP in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with LBP among the Iranian population. Methods: We used baseline information from the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN), including individuals from 16 provinces of Iran. LBP was defined as the history of back pain interfering with daily activities for more than one week during an individual's lifetime. Various factors hypothesized to affect LBP, such as age, sex, marital status, educational status, ethnicity, living area, employment status, history of smoking, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, sleep duration, wealth score, history of joint pain, and history of morning stiffness in the joints were evaluated. Results: In total, 163770 Iranians with a mean age of 49.37 (SD = 9.15) were included in this study, 44.8% of whom were male. The prevalence of LBP was 25.2% among participants. After adjusting for confounders, the female gender [OR:1.244(1.02-1.50)], middle and older ages [OR:1.23(1.10-1.33) and OR:1.13(1.07-1.42), respectively], being overweight or obese [OR:1.13(1.07-1.19) and OR:1.21(1.16-1.27), respectively], former and current smokers (OR:1.25(1.16-1.36) and OR:1.28(1.17-1.39), respectively], low physical activity [OR:1.07 (1.01-1.14)], and short sleep duration [OR: 1.09(1.02-1.17)] were significantly associated with LBP. Conclusion: In this large-scale study, we found the lifetime prevalence of LBP to be lower among the Iranian population in comparison to the global prevalence of LBP; further studies are warranted to evaluate the causality of risk factors on LBP

Decomposing socioeconomic inequality in poor mental health among Iranian adult population: results from the PERSIAN cohort study

Background Socioeconomic inequality in mental health in Iran is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess socioeconomic inequality in poor mental health among Iranian adults. Methods The study used the baseline data of PERSIAN cohort study including 131,813 participants from 17 geographically distinct areas of Iran. The Erreygers Concentration index (E) was used to quantify the socioeconomic inequalities in poor mental health. Moreover, we decomposed the E to identify factors contributing to the observed socioeconomic inequality in poor mental health in Iran. Results The estimated E for poor mental health was - 0.012 (95% CI: - 0.0144, - 0.0089), indicating slightly higher concentration of mental health problem among socioeconomically disadvantaged adults in Iran. Socioeconomic inequality in poor mental health was mainly explained by gender (19.93%) and age (12.70%). Region, SES itself, and physical activity were other important factors that contributed to the concentration of poor mental health among adults with low socioeconomic status. Conclusion There exists nearly equitable distribution in poor mental health among Iranian adults, but with important variations by gender, SES, and geography. These results suggested that interventional programs in Iran should focus on should focus more on socioeconomically disadvantaged people as a whole, with particular attention to the needs of women and those living in more socially disadvantaged regions. Keywords:Mental health; Socioeconomic inequality; Concentration index; Decompositio

Predictive Role of Psychological, Socioeconomic, and Lifestyle-Related Factors in the Incidence of Migraine Headaches

Background and Aims: Identifying risk factors for incidence of migraine headaches through an integrated model of psychosocial factors is important. This research aimed to investigate the predictive role of psychological, socioeconomic and lifestyle-related factors in migraine headaches. Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 71 patients with migraine headaches who referred to Imam Hossein Hospital (Tehran, Iran) and 162 healthy staff members of the same hospital were selected by convenience sampling. Data was collected by a questionnaire including demographics and disease characteristics and the short form of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The collected data was analyzed using chi-square test, t-test and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: There were significant differences between patients with migraine and healthy individuals in anxiety [odds ratio (OR) = 4.775; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.371-12.895], depression (OR = 5.668; 95% CI: 1.449-14.811), stress (OR = 5.896; 95% CI: 1.339-12.924), low socioeconomic status (OR = 6.230; 95% CI: 2.466-13.487), body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2 (OR = 5.051; 95% CI: 2.454-14.660), physical activity of less than two hours a week (OR = 5.290; 95% CI: 1.432-11.572), smoking (OR = 4.253; 95% CI: 2.493-15.171), and history of negative life events (OR = 6.899; 95% CI: 1.626-13.755). Conclusion: Psychological risk factors, inappropriate socioeconomic status, and unhealthy lifestyle could predict the incidence of migraine. This finding is fundamental for further investigations and administration of preventive and therapeutic interventions for patients with migraine. Keywords: Migraine, Risk factors, Psychological, Socioeconomic, Negative event

The Wolfish and the Wayward: Depictions of Non-Normative Sexuality as Monstrosity

Werewolves or lycanthropes have existed as a part of various cultures for centuries. These figures are often constructed as representations of physical or social difference. The werewolf has long existed as a symbol for individuals or groups who exist on the margins of society. While lycanthropy has long been used to depict deviancy, this thesis draws a specific connection between the lycanthropic figure and representations of non-normative sexuality. In order to draw attention to the creation of a literary trope in which those who are sexually non-normative are depicted as monstrous lycanthropes, this thesis examines werewolf narratives from three literary periods. The first text of study is John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi. In looking at this early modern play I examine Duke Ferdinand’s descent from humanity to bestiality as he becomes increasingly and incestuously obsessed with his sister, the Duchess. Alongside this, I also examine the Duchess’s own fall from grace as she disobeys social convention to remarry. As both of these figures engage with these deviant sexual urges both are increasingly described as wolfish and are portrayed as threats to the social order. This chapter examines these depictions of wolfish figures in relationship to early modern anxieties surrounding court sexuality in order to provide a framework for why these non-normative sexualities were something to fear and depict as monstrous. Ultimately, this first chapter argues that The Duchess of Malfi participates in the construction of a trope in which those who are sexually deviant are portrayed as lycanthropic figures in literature. The second chapter of this thesis turns to an examination of Clemence Housman’s The Were-Wolf. This late-Victorian Gothic narrative follows the Scandinavian female werewolf White Fell as she terrorizes a family. Housman’s text engages with Victorian anxieties surrounding the New Woman and the threat she presented to social order. White Fell is a threatening figure due to her androgyny, her inability to reign in her physical impulses, her sexual desires outside of marriage, and her complete lack of motherly instinct. Alongside this, White Fell is linked to the woman’s suffrage movement which would have immediately marked her as a danger to social order. Ultimately, then, White Fell’s monstrosity is seen as a direct reflection of her social and sexual deviancy. In this text the threatening female body that refuses to conform becomes lycanthropic and that monstrous body must be destroyed. The Were-Wolf, then, participates in constructing a trope in which those who are different are monstrous. Finally, this thesis concludes with an analysis of J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series. In particular, this chapter examines Rowling’s assertions that lycanthropy within her series is meant to serve as a metaphorical representation of AIDS. In looking at this assertion, this final chapter argues that Rowling’s linking of lycanthropy and AIDS serves to queer code her two main werewolves. Rowling’s werewolves are presented as either dangerous beasts who seek to harm everyone within their grasp, or as hidden threats to social order. This queer-coding, then, marks members of the gay community as being dangerous in their difference. Ultimately, this thesis demonstrates the construction of a trope across three literary periods in which non-normative sexuality is depicted through the lycanthropic body