Efficacité des extraits aqueux d’amande de neem et de feuilles d’hyptis sur les mouches de fruit du concombre au Nord-Est du Bénin

L’efficacité de deux extraits aqueux à base d’amande de neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss à la dose de 500g pour 10L d’eau par hectare et de feuilles d’Hyptis suaveolens (L.)Poit. à la dose de 15kg pour 10L d’eau par hectare a été testée sur les mouches des fruits du concombre. Les essais ont été conduits à la ferme expérimentale de la Faculté d’Agronomie de l’Université de Parakou sous régime pluvial. Trois traitements ont été randomisés dans un dispositif de Bloc Aléatoire Complet (BAC) à quatre répétitions. Un total de 120 fruits a été récolté au hasard (à raison de 40 fruits par traitement) pendant 5 semaines puis mis en incubation au laboratoire sur une période de 4 semaines. En complément à l’essai en station, une collecte de 40 fruits au niveau de parcelles non traitées à été effectuée auprès de maraîchers en saison sèche et mis en incubation. Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet, Dacusciliatus Loew, Dacus vertebratus Bezzi et Dacus bivittatus Bigot sont les Tephritidae rencontrés sur le concombre au niveau de l’essai en station avec une nette dominance de B. cucurbitae représentant 52,89 % de l’ensemble des Tephritidae. Mais cette tendance s’est complètement inversée par une nette dominance de Dacus ciliatus (80 %) au niveau del’échantillon obtenu en saison sèche sur les sites maraîchers de la ville. En ce qui concerne l’infestation des fruits, on note une différence significative au seuil de 5 % entre les trois traitements. Les fruits traités avec l’extrait aqueux d’amande de neem ont été moins infestés. L’infestation des mouches a aussi occasionné une perte de rendement de l’ordrede : 55 % des fruits sur les parcelles témoins, de 35 % sur les parcelles traitées à l’extrait aqueux des feuilles d’Hyptis et de 22 % sur les parcelles traitées à l’extrait aqueux d’amande de neem.Mots clés :Neem, Hyptis suaveolens, Tephritidae, mouches des fruits du concombre, BéninEFFECTIVENESS OF AQUOUS EXTRACT OF NEEM SEED AND HYPTISLEAVES ON CUCUMBER FRUIT FLIES IN EASTERN NORTH BENINThe effectiveness of two botanical extracts has been tested. On the one hand, neem seeds extract (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) concentrated at the rate of 500 g for 10 litters water per hectare and at the other hand, aqueous Hyptis leaves extract (Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.) at the rate of 15Kg leaves for 10 litters water per hectare. The trials were carried outon the experimental farm of the Agric faculty of the University of Parakou, northern Benin, under rainfall system. 3 treatments were randomized in a Randomized Complet Bloc Design (RCBD) with four replicates. A total of 120 fruits of different class-age were harvested at random (at the rate of 40 fruits per treatment) during five weeks, then, dried in lab for four weeks. In addition to the farm trials, 40 fruits were harvested fromA. A. THOMAS – ODJO & S. N. BONOU 196 untreated plots of vegetable farmers during the dry season and subjected to drying in incubator. The outcome revealed that Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet, Dacus ciliatus Loew,Dacus vertebratus Bezzi and Dacus bivittatus Bigot are the Tephritidae met on the cucumber of the field trials, with a clearly high population of Bactrocera cucurbitae (52,89%) among the Tephritidae. But the trend is inverted in respect of results from dry season samples harvested in vegetable farms. Plots in town, show a clearly dominant population of Dacus ciliatus (80 %). As regard fruits infestation, a significant difference (p = 0.05) is observed among the 3 treatments. Fruits from neem seeds treated plots are less infested. Flies infestation also caused yield loss ofabout 55 % of the untreated fruit plots; about 35 % and 22 % respectively on treated plots with aqueous Hyptis leaves extract and neem seed extract.Keywords : Neem, Hyptis suaveolens, Tephritidae, cucumber fruit flies, Beni

Clinical presentation, aetiology and outcome of infective endocarditis. Results of the ESC-EORP EURO-ENDO (European infective endocarditis) registry: a prospective cohort study

The EURO-ENDO registry aimed to study the management and outcomes of patients with infective endocarditis (IE). AIMS: The EURO-ENDO registry aimed to study the management and outcomes of patients with infective endocarditis (IE). METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective cohort of 3116 adult patients (2470 from Europe, 646 from non-ESC countries), admitted to 156 hospitals in 40 countries between January 2016 and March 2018 with a diagnosis of IE based on ESC 2015 diagnostic criteria. Clinical, biological, microbiological, and imaging [echocardiography, computed tomography (CT) scan, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT)] data were collected. Infective endocarditis was native (NVE) in 1764 (56.6%) patients, prosthetic (PVIE) in 939 (30.1%), and device-related (CDRIE) in 308 (9.9%). Infective endocarditis was community-acquired in 2046 (65.66%) patients. Microorganisms involved were staphylococci in 1085 (44.1%) patients, oral streptococci in 304 (12.3%), enterococci in 390 (15.8%), and Streptococcus gallolyticus in 162 (6.6%). 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed in 518 (16.6%) patients and presented with cardiac uptake (major criterion) in 222 (42.9%) patients, with a better sensitivity in PVIE (66.8%) than in NVE (28.0%) and CDRIE (16.3%). Embolic events occurred in 20.6% of patients, and were significantly associated with tricuspid or pulmonary IE, presence of a vegetation and Staphylococcus aureus IE. According to ESC guidelines, cardiac surgery was indicated in 2160 (69.3%) patients, but finally performed in only 1596 (73.9%) of them. In-hospital death occurred in 532 (17.1%) patients and was more frequent in PVIE. Independent predictors of mortality were Charlson index, creatinine > 2\u2009mg/dL, congestive heart failure, vegetation length > 10 mm, cerebral complications, abscess, and failure to undertake surgery when indicated. CONCLUSION: Infective endocarditis is still a life-threatening disease with frequent lethal outcome despite profound changes in its clinical, microbiological, imaging, and therapeutic profiles