Recall bias during adolescence: Gender differences and associations with depressive symptoms

Background: There is a sharp increase in depression in females in mid-adolescence, but we do not understand why. Cognitive theories suggest that people with depression have negative biases in recalling self-referential information. We tested whether recall biases were more negative in girls in early and mid-adolescence and were associated with depressive symptoms. Methods: 315 young and 263 mid-adolescents (11-12 and 13-15 years) completed a surprise test, assessing recall of social evaluation about the self (self-referential) or another person (other-referential). The short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire measured depressive symptoms. We tested the effects of condition (self-referential/otherreferential), valence (positive/negative), gender, and age group on correct recall (hits) and associations with depressive symptoms. Results: There was no evidence for gender or age differences in positive or negative self-referential recall. Selfreferential positive hits were negatively associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted coefficient=-0.38, 95% CI=-0.69–0.08, p=0.01). Self-referential negative hits were positively associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted coefficient=0.45, 95% CI=0.15-0.75, p=0.003), and this association was stronger in females (adjusted interaction p=0.04). Limitations: The reliability and validity of the recall task are unknown. We cannot provide evidence of a causal effect of recall on depressive symptoms in this cross-sectional study. Conclusions: Adolescents who recalled more self-referential negative and fewer self-referential positive words had more severe depressive symptoms. Females did not demonstrate more recall biases, but the association between self-referential negative hits and depressive symptoms was stronger in females. Negative self-referential recall may be a risk factor for depressive symptoms and is a good candidate for longitudinal studies

HUBUNGAN ANTARA CURAH HUJAN, SUHU UDARA DAN KELEMBABAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI KOTA MANADO TAHUN 2015-2020

Kasus demam berdarah dengue (DBD) masih tinggi di Manado. Kondisi lingkungan diduga berpengaruh pada angka kejadian DBD tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan curah hujan, suhu udara, dan kelembaban dengan kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Manado tahun 2015-2020. Penelitian ini adalah studi korelasional menggunakan data kejadian DBD, curah hujan, suhu udara dan kelembaban di Manado dari Januari 2015 – Desember 2020. Hubungan faktor-faktor lingkungan ini dengan angka kejadian DBD dianalisis menggunakan grafik dan analisis korelasi Spearman. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara curah hujan (rho = 0,32; p = 0,006) dan suhu udara (rho = -0,41; p < 0,001) dengan angka kejadian DBD. Namun demikian, hubungan kelembaban dengan kejadian DBD tidak signifikan (rho = 0,12; p = 0,299). Penduduk Manado di daerah dengan curah hujan relatif tinggi dan suhu udara cenderung lebih rendah dari wilayah lain di Manado perlu meningkatkan kewaspadaan terhadap perjangkitan DBD. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan adanya hubungan antara faktor-faktor lingkungan tersebut dengan kejadian DBD di Manado. Kata Kunci: Kejadian DBD, Curah Hujan, Suhu Udara, Kelembaban ABSTRACTThe prevalence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) remains high in Manado. It has been suggested that certain environmental factors play a role in the number of cases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of precipitation, ambient temperature, and humidity with the prevalence of DHF in Manado. This was a correlational study using the data on rainfall rate, ambient temperature, and humidity in Manado recorded between January 2015 and December 2020 by the local department of meteorology and geophysics, as well as the information about DHF number of cases at the same period as published by the Health Department of Manado. The relationship between these environmental factors and DHF prevalence was analyzed using graphs and Spearman correlation. The results of the analysis showed a significant relationship between precipitation (rho = 0.32; p = 0.006) and air temperature (rho = -0.41; p < 0.001) with the prevalence of DHF. However, there was no significant relationship found between humidity and DHF prevalence (rho = 0.12; p = 0.299). Manado residents in areas with relatively high rainfall and air temperatures tend to be lower than other areas in Manado need to increase vigilance against DHF infection. This study shows a link between these environmental factors and the incidence of DHF in Manado. Keyword: DHF Prevalence, Precipitation, Ambient Temperature, Humidit

The Economics of Copyright

Copyright law protects works of creative expression. At its relatively uncontroversial core lie songs, plays, novels, paintings, and other works of aesthetic value. But copyright is not confined solely to aesthetic subject matter; in many countries, it extends to works of fact, such as biographies, maps, and telephone directories, and to works with practical value. For example, one of the most controversial issues in copyright law today is whether and how much copyright should protect computer programs

Expression of the enteroviral capsid protein VP1 in the islet cells of patients with type 1 diabetes is associated with induction of protein kinase R and downregulation of Mcl-1

The final publication is available at link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00125-012-2745-4Immunohistochemical staining reveals that the enteroviral capsid protein VP1 is present at higher frequency in the insulin-containing islets of patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes than in controls. This is consistent with epidemiological evidence suggesting that enteroviral infection may contribute to the autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes. However, immunostaining of VP1 is not definitive since the antibody widely used to detect the protein (Clone 5D8/1) might also cross-react with additional proteins under some conditions. Therefore, we sought to verify that VP1 immunopositivity correlates with additional markers of viral infection

Maintained physical activity and physiotherapy in the management of distal upper limb pain – a protocol for a randomised controlled trial (the arm pain trial)

&lt;b&gt;Background&lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; Distal upper limb pain (pain affecting the elbow, forearm, wrist, or hand) can be non-specific, or can arise from specific musculoskeletal disorders. It is clinically important and costly, the best approach to clinical management is unclear. Physiotherapy is the standard treatment and, while awaiting treatment, advice is often given to rest and avoid strenuous activities, but there is no evidence base to support these strategies. This paper describes the protocol of a randomised controlled trial to determine, among patients awaiting physiotherapy for distal arm pain, (a) whether advice to remain active and maintain usual activities results in a long-term reduction in arm pain and disability, compared with advice to rest; and (b) whether immediate physiotherapy results in a long-term reduction in arm pain and disability, compared with physiotherapy delivered after a seven week waiting list period.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Methods/Design&lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; Between January 2012 and January 2014, new referrals to 14 out-patient physiotherapy departments were screened for potential eligibility. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly allocated to one of the following three groups in equal numbers: 1) advice to remain active, 2) advice to rest, 3) immediate physiotherapy. Patients were and followed up at 6, 13, and 26 weeks post-randomisation by self-complete postal questionnaire and, at six weeks, patients who had not received physiotherapy were offered it at this time. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients free of disability at 26 weeks, as determined by the modified DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) questionnaire.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; We hypothesise (a) that advice to maintain usual activities while awaiting physiotherapy will be superior than advice to rest the arm; and (b) that fast-track physiotherapy will be superior to normal (waiting list) physiotherapy. These hypotheses will be examined using an intention-to-treat analysis.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Discussion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; Results from this trial will contribute to the evidence base underpinning the clinical management of patients with distal upper limb pain, and in particular, will provide guidance on whether they should be advised to rest the arm or remain active within the limits imposed by their symptoms

Factors associated with unvaccinated caregivers who plan to vaccinate their children

Vaccine hesitancy is complex and a threat to global public health during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Our objective was to determine factors associated with caregivers' willingness to vaccinate children despite not being immunized themselves against COVID-19. The International COVID-19 Parental Attitude Study (COVIPAS), a multinational cohort study, recruited caregivers of children 0-18 years old in 21 Emergency Departments (EDs) in USA, Canada, Israel, and Switzerland during November-December 2021. Of a total of 4536 caregivers who completed the survey, 882 (19.4%) were unvaccinated, and 62 (7.0%) of the unvaccinated planned to vaccinate their children. Unvaccinated caregivers with children that had their childhood vaccines up-to-date (OR 3.03 (1.36, 8.09), p = 0.01), and those very worried their child has COVID-19 in the ED (OR 3.11 (1.44, 6.34), p < 0.01) were much more likely to plan to immunize their children. Primary care providers and public health agencies should not assume that unvaccinated parents will not vaccinate their children. Determining child's vaccination status and parental level of concern about COVID-19 may help identify caregivers who are open to give their children the vaccine. Keywords: COVID-19; Sars-cov-2; Unvaccinated; Vaccination; Vaccine hesitancy

Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin no. 33, March 1898: Experiments with field crops, 1897

The Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311