The Emerging Human Rights Revolution: The Beginning of the Fifth Historical Process in the Consolidation of Human Rights

Emerging human rights are destined to modify, improve and transform a number of already traditional concepts so as to achieve greater guarantees and protection for the rights of individuals and collectivities. One of the big changes that will be brought about by the concept and conception of emerging human rights is that, following on from the processes of positivization, generalization, internationalization and specification, they represent the beginning of the fifth historical process in the consolidation of human rights, namely the process of interaction. A number of breakthroughs have already been achieved, such as the recognition of emerging biocultural rights in the recently adopted Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and shared benefits

Protocol for determining porosity and mechanical properties of ZrO2 obtained throug 3D-printing

New technologies, such as robocasting, arrive in the 20thcentury fordoing the competence to traditional manufacturing techniques. These techniquesenablethe possibility to produce more versatile ceramic pieces,where biomedical implants are the best example. In this Master’s thesis, Zirconia is going to be investigated due to its high biocompatibility and proper mechanical properties. ZrO2presents a toughening mechanism (i.e. phase transformation in the crack tip accompanied with a volume grain expansion) which increases the resistance of the material to crack propagation. Nevertheless, ZrO2presents a low temperature degradation mechanism in which mechanical properties become dropped off in humid environments. In that context, three commercialgradesofZrO2powders (CY3Z-RA, GY3Z-R60and TZ-3YS-E) are going to be examinedin order to compare them.First of all, it will be characterized the powder. To complete this purpose it will be determined the powder particle size through laser diffraction and the linear intercept method. After on, microstructure will be analysed with x-ray diffraction, and specific surface are by means of BET analysis. Finally, the powder density is going to be determined through He pycnometry, and the amount of binder in GY3Z-R60using a thermo-balance. The second step is to characterize the paste that is going to be printed. In that case, a plate-plate rheometer will analyse the rheology parameters. Afterwards, for the printed specimens, the microstructural (e.g., density,porosity,etc.) and micromechanical properties (e.g. hardness, elastic modulus, etc.) will be determined by using advanced characterization techniques, such asfield emission scanning electron microscopyornanoindentation, among others.The results obtainedfor the powdersare in accordance with the data sheet provided by the suppliers. The pastes present a clear Herschel-Bulkleyfluid with a shear thinning behaviour, indispensable for printing ZrO2parts. After that, four pieces are going to be fabricated through the robocasting technique at 100% and 50% filling spacewith the two first aforementioned feedstocks. Finally it will be characterized the porosity and the mechanical properties of them. Regarding porosity, it will be characterized through 2D and 3D imaging, micro-CT and BET/BJH. It is concluded that 3D imaging is the most suitable characterization technique. However, it is not the most efficientway.With regard to mechanical properties, hardness, indentation fracture toughness and Young’smodulus are going to be determined. The results obtained are an averageof 12.5 GPa for hardness, 5.2 MPa m-1/2for indentation fracture toughness and 230 GPa for the elastic modulusfor both materials. These resultsare in accordance with the reported for ZrO2parts obtained through traditional manufacturing techniques. Hence, the robocasting technique is suitable for manufacturingZrO2parts. To sum up, it is concluded that i) the binder facilitates the rheology of paste,ii) the mixing must be optimized,iii)3D-printing must be performed in a humidity chamber to avoid drying of the pasteand using a metallic nozzle,iv) more efficient or new characterization techniques must be investigated in order to ease porosity measurements, and v) the 3D-printed parts fulfilthe mechanical requirements

Ocupación, Colonialismo, Apartheid y otras violaciones sistemáticas de los derechos humanos contra el pueblo palestino

Desde mediados del siglo XX, coincidiendo con la proclamación del Estado de Israel en mayo de 1948, el llamado conflicto de Palestina ha ganado protagonismo y se ha convertido en materia de constate actualidad y creciente interés. Las tensas relaciones entre el Estado de Israel y sus vecinos, así como el progresivo deterioro de las condiciones de vida de la sociedad civil palestina en los territorios ocupados son objeto de constantes análisis, frecuen tes publicaciones y numerosos enfoques. La mayor parte de estos estudios se han centrado principalmente en la situación de ocupación y colonialismo que sufre el pueblo palestino [...

República Democràtica del Congo: drets humans, conflictes i construcció/destrucció de l’Estat

Podeu consultar la versió en francès a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/68368Llibre escrit per investigadors congolesos i espanyols que fa una anàlisi estructural per donar a conèixer la realitat de la República Democràtica del Congo en relació amb la situació dels Drets Humans i per contribuir a la seva promoció i protecció en aquesta part d’Àfrica

Compartir ideas. La Universidad va al Instituto: un proyecto de aprendizaje- servicio transversal de la Universidad de Barcelona

Compartir ideas. La universidad va al instituto es un proyecto de aprendizaje servicio transversal de la Universidad de Barcelona. Este representa una propuesta de aprendizaje servicio que bajo una estructura común permite la participación de estudiantes y profesorado de distintas disciplinas en un mismo proyecto. El aprendizaje servicio (ApS) es una propuesta formativa que permite el desarrollo de diferentes tipos de aprendizajes a partir de la implicación en necesidades sociales reales con la intención de transformarlas (Tapia, 2001; Martínez, 2008; Puig, 2009). En este tipo de proyectos están presentes simultáneamente la intencionalidad pedagógica y la intencionalidad solidaria. Se pueden definir como experiencias educativas solidarias protagonizadas por estudiantes, que tienen como objetivo atender a una necesidad de los destinatarios a la vez que planificar y mejorar la calidad de los aprendizajes (Tapia, 2006)

The Emerging Human Rights Revolution: The Beginning of the Fifth Historical Process in the Consolidation of Human Rights

Emerging human rights are destined to modify, improve and transform a number of already traditional concepts so as to achieve greater guarantees and protection for the rights of individuals and collectivities. One of the big changes that will be brought about by the concept and conception of emerging human rights is that, following on from the processes of positivization, generalization, internationalization and specification, they represent the beginning of the fifth historical process in the consolidation of human rights, namely the process of interaction. A number of breakthroughs have already been achieved, such as the recognition of emerging biocultural rights in the recently adopted Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and shared benefits

The Emerging Human Rights Revolution: The Beginning of the Fifth Historical Process in the Consolidation of Human Rights

Emerging human rights are destined to modify, improve and transform a number of already traditional concepts so as to achieve greater guarantees and protection for the rights of individuals and collectivities. One of the big changes that will be brought about by the concept and conception of emerging human rights is that, following on from the processes of positivization, generalization, internationalization and specification, they represent the beginning of the fifth historical process in the consolidation of human rights, namely the process of interaction. A number of breakthroughs have already been achieved, such as the recognition of emerging biocultural rights in the recently adopted Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and shared benefits

Diseño de una máquina de sinterizado láser selectivo

Este proyecto trata del diseño de una máquina de sinterizado por láser selectivo. Se ha establecido el primer prototipo de una máquina, a la cual se le deberán realizar los correspondientes ensayos de prueba para conocer la veracidad de los resultados obtenidos. Así pues, se abarcan todos los aspectos constructivos que se requieren para el diseño de una máquina SLS. Se definen los materiales utilizados para diseñar dicha máquina y se establecen los planos necesarios para la fabricación de ésta. Finalmente, se ofrece un presupuesto orientativo de construcción de la máquina. Es necesario comprender el funcionamiento de la máquina para poder diseñarla, por lo que se añade una breve introducción sobre los detalles más importantes sobre la tecnología de Rapid Prototyping y, una descripción más detallada del funcionamiento de las máquinas de sinterizado por láser selectivo