Salmonella Infection Level in Danish Indoor and Outdoor Pig Production Systems measured by Antbodies in Meat Juice and Faecal Shedding on-farm and at Slaughter

The prevalence of Salmonella shedding was compared in 34 organic, conventional outdoor, and indoor pig herds. Individual faecal and meat juice samples from 30-50 pigs per herd were analysed for presence of Salmonella, and Salmonella antibodies, respectively. We found low levels of Salmonella shedding on farm and at slaughter in organic and conventional outdoor herds compared to indoor pigs. Overall 5,5 % of the pigs were seropositive. The serological test result was associated with Salmonella shedding at slaughter in pigs from conventional systems, but not in organic pigs. The duration of transport did not affect the risk of Salmonella shedding

Documentation of animal health in organic pig herds

The health of weaned pigs should be described using several information sources to get an overall assessment of the health state in the herd. In this case study four organic pig herds each fattening between 800 and 3500 pigs per year provided data from clinical examination of a sample of animals, pathological findings at slaughter, post weaning mortality and medicine usage in the herd. Clinical symptoms were present in 8 – 18 % of the pigs, and 2 – 6 % of the pigs showed more serious symptoms of disease. At slaughter 10 – 17 % of the pigs got remarks for pathological lesions, primarily liver spots, abscesses and chronic pericarditis. The post weaning mortality varied between herds, while the usage of medicine was rather low in the herds. The herd health status can be aggregated in many ways. A suggestion is made for the four herds. According to this the good health state is achieved in herds combining a modest medicine usage with a low level of disease, measured by low prevalence of clinical symptoms, low number of remarks at slaughter and low mortality

Pengaruh Kompres Panas Terhadap Penurunan Derajat Nyeri Haid Pada Siswi SMA Dan Smk Yadika Kopandakan II

: Painful menstruation or dysmenorrhea in addition to a problem most also be a reason for the decreased activity of women during menstruation , for example, no school . Handling this problem by means of nonpharmacologic need to be developed , for example with a hot compress . The purpose of the study to determine the effect of a hot compress to decrease the degree of menstrual pain in high school and vocational Yadika Kopandakan II . This type of research is experimental design One group pre and post test . Samples were obtained based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria were 30 . The data obtained through observation sheet Bourbonais a pain scale . Data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution Program ) and the Wilcoxon test . The p-value indicates that there is a significant association between hot compress with a decrease in the degree of menstrual pain ( p = 0.00 ) . Based on these results it can be concluded that a hot compress effect on the degree of reduction in menstrual pain in high school and vocational Yadika Kopandakan II

UJI PELEPASAN ION LOGAM NIKEL (Ni) DAN KROMIUM (Cr) KAWAT ORTODONTIK STAINLESS STEEL YANG DIRENDAM DALAM AIR KELAPA

UJI PELEPASAN ION LOGAM NIKEL (Ni) DAN KROMIUM (Cr) KAWAT ORTODONTIK STAINLESS STEEL YANG DIRENDAM DALAM AIR KELAPA Marchelina M. Bonde1), Fatimawali2), P. S. Anindita1) 1) Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran UNSRAT Manado, 95115 2)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado, 95115     ABSTRACT Orthodontic stainless steel archwire is one type of fixed orthodontic archwire that is often used in orthodontic treatment and have corrosion resistant, but these corrosion resistant can be influenced by the circumstances in the oral cavity. The oral cavity is an ideal environment for corrosion, due to the saliva and components which contained in saliva and low salivary pH. Consuming coconut water can cause the salivary pH becomes low. Coconut water which has a low pH could be expected to affect the corrosion process of orthodontic stainless steel archwire, that marked by nickel and chromium ions  release which is bad for the body. This study aimed to determine the amount of nikel and kromium ions released from orthodontic stainless steel archwire that was immersed in saliva artificial plus coconut water. This type of research was descriptive laboratory with post-test only control group design. Sample in this research was orthodontic stainless steel archwire with three different brands and immersed in saliva artificial plus coconut water for 13 hours in an incubator at 37°C. The results were analyzed using Atomic Absorpstion Spectroscopy. The research data is presented in graphical form. The amount of nikel ions released from orthodontic stainless steel archwire that immersed in saliva artificial plus coconut water on the sample A is 4.19 ppb, sample B 38.6 and sample C 46.2 ppb and the amount of kromium ion release to the sample A is 44.8 ppb, sample B is 48.4 ppb and sample C 50.1 ppb . Keywords : orthodontic stainless steel archwire, nickel and chrome, atomic absorpstion spectroscopy, coconut water ABSTRAK Kawat ortodontik stainless steel merupakan salah satu jenis kawat ortodontik cekat yang sering digunakan dalam perawatan ortodontik dan memiliki sifat tahan terhadap korosi, namun sifat ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh keadaan dalam rongga mulut. Rongga mulut merupakan lingkungan yang sangat ideal untuk terjadinya korosi, akibat adanya saliva dan komponen-komponen yang terkandung di dalamnya serta pH saliva yang rendah. Salah satu penyebab pH saliva menjadi rendah yaitu mengonsumsi air kelapa. Air kelapa yang memiliki pH rendah diduga dapat memengaruhi proses terjadinya korosi kawat ortodontik stainless steel, yang ditandai adanya pelepasan ion nikel dan kromium yang dapat berdampak buruk bagi tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa jumLah pelepasan ion nikel dan kromium dari kawat ortodontik stainless steel yang direndam dalam saliva buatan ditambah air kelapa. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif laboratorik dengan rancangan post-test only control group design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu kawat ortodontik stainless steel dengan tiga merek yang berbeda dan direndam dalam saliva buatan ditambah air kelapa selama 13 jam di dalam inkubator suhu 37oC. Hasil pelepasan dianalisis menggunakan alat Atomic Absorpstion Spectroscopy. Data hasil penelitian kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk grafik. JumLah ion nikel yang terlepas dari kawat ortodontik stainless steel yang direndam dalam air kelapa pada sampel A yaitu 4,19 ppb, sampel B 38,6 ppb dan sampel C 46,2 ppb dan jumLah pelepasan ion kromium pada sampel A yaitu 44,8 ppb, pada sampel B 48,4 ppb dan sampel C 50,1 ppb. Kata kunci : kawat ortodontik stainless steel, nikel dan krom, atomic absorpstion spectroscopy, air kelap

Fremtidens udfordringer i økologisk og frilandssvineproduktion

I juni deltog 48 svineproducenter, rådgivere og forskere i en temadag på Hovborg Kro om økologisk svineproduktion. Temaet var "fremtidens udfordringer i økologisk og frilands svineproduktion". Dagen bød på indlæg fra fem forskningsprojekter og efterfølgende café-diskussion med fokus på miljø, dyrevelfærd, selvforsyning med protein og produktion af hangrise. Her bringes et uddrag af diskussionen

Diskursus al-Istishāb dalam Istinbat Hukum (Studi Aplikatif dalam Wacana Fikih Islam Kontemporer)

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, argumen al-Istiṣḥāb dapat dijadikan pedoman bagi para mujtahid dalam melakukan tata cara istinbat hukum

Recovering 6D Object Pose: A Review and Multi-modal Analysis

A large number of studies analyse object detection and pose estimation at visual level in 2D, discussing the effects of challenges such as occlusion, clutter, texture, etc., on the performances of the methods, which work in the context of RGB modality. Interpreting the depth data, the study in this paper presents thorough multi-modal analyses. It discusses the above-mentioned challenges for full 6D object pose estimation in RGB-D images comparing the performances of several 6D detectors in order to answer the following questions: What is the current position of the computer vision community for maintaining "automation" in robotic manipulation? What next steps should the community take for improving "autonomy" in robotics while handling objects? Our findings include: (i) reasonably accurate results are obtained on textured-objects at varying viewpoints with cluttered backgrounds. (ii) Heavy existence of occlusion and clutter severely affects the detectors, and similar-looking distractors is the biggest challenge in recovering instances' 6D. (iii) Template-based methods and random forest-based learning algorithms underlie object detection and 6D pose estimation. Recent paradigm is to learn deep discriminative feature representations and to adopt CNNs taking RGB images as input. (iv) Depending on the availability of large-scale 6D annotated depth datasets, feature representations can be learnt on these datasets, and then the learnt representations can be customized for the 6D problem