Chemical analysis of aerosol in the Venusian cloud layer by reaction gas chromatography on board the Vega landers

The experiment on sulfuric acid aerosol determination in the Venusian cloud layer on board the Vega landers is described. An average content of sulfuric acid of approximately 1 mg/cu m was found for the samples taken from the atmosphere at heights from 63 to 48 km and analyzed with the SIGMA-3 chromatograph. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) was revealed in the gaseous sample at the height of 48 km. From the experimental results and blank run measurements, a suggestion is made that the Venusian cloud layer aerosol consists of more complicated particles than the sulfuric acid water solution does

Evolving spectrum of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: Implications for Sports Cardiology

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic heart muscle disease, structurally characterized by progressive fibro-fatty replacement of the normal myocardium and clinically by ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Predominantly thanks to the use of cardiac magnetic resonance, we have learnt that the spectrum of the disease encompasses not only the classical right ventricular phenotype, but also biventricular and left dominant variants. Sport activity contributes to the phenotypic expression and progression of ACM and may trigger life-threatening VAs and sudden cardiac death (SCD). We conducted a review of the literature about ACM and its implications in Sport Cardiology and summarized the main findings in this topic. Early identification of affected athletes through preparticipation screening (PPS) is fundamental but, while classical right-ventricular or biventricular phenotypes are usually suspected because of electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiographic abnormalities, variants with predominant left ventricular involvement are often characterized by normal ECG and unremarkable echocardiography. Usually the only manifestations of such variants are exercise-induced VAs and for this reason exercise testing may empower the diagnostic yield of the PPS. Patients with ACM are not eligible to competitive sports activity, but low-to-moderate intensity physical activity under medical supervision is possible in most cases

The Nucleon-Mass Difference in Chiral Perturbation Theory and Nuclear Forces

A new method is developed for treating the effect of the neutron-proton mass difference in isospin-violating nuclear forces. Previous treatments utilized an awkward subtraction scheme to generate these forces. A field redefinition is used to remove that mass difference from the Lagrangian (and hence from asymptotic nucleon states) and replace its effect by effective interactions. Previous calculations of static Class II charge-independence-breaking and Class III charge-symmetry-breaking potentials are verified using the new scheme, which is also used to calculate Class IV nuclear forces. Two-body forces of the latter type are found to be identical to previously obtained results. A novel three-body force is also found. Problems involving Galilean invariance with Class IV one-pion-exchange forces are identified and resolved.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures, latex - submitted to Physical Review

Fabrication process for producing silicon nanowire field effect transistors

The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Government of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk Region Science and Technology Support Fund project no. 18-42-243022. This work is partially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and by Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Project II.8.70) and Fundamental research program of the Presidium of the RAS no. 32 «Nanostructures: physics, chemistry, biology, basics of technologies». This work was supported by and carried out on the equipment of the Center for Common Use of the Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Relativistic calculations of the K-K charge transfer and K-vacancy production probabilities in low-energy ion-atom collisions

The previously developed technique for evaluation of charge-transfer and electron-excitation processes in low-energy heavy-ion collisions [I.I. Tupitsyn et al., Phys. Rev. A 82, 042701(2010)] is extended to collisions of ions with neutral atoms. The method employs the active electron approximation, in which only the active electron participates in the charge transfer and excitation processes while the passive electrons provide the screening DFT potential. The time-dependent Dirac wave function of the active electron is represented as a linear combination of atomic-like Dirac-Fock-Sturm orbitals, localized at the ions (atoms). The screening DFT potential is calculated using the overlapping densities of each ions (atoms), derived from the atomic orbitals of the passive electrons. The atomic orbitals are generated by solving numerically the one-center Dirac-Fock and Dirac-Fock-Sturm equations by means of a finite-difference approach with the potential taken as the sum of the exact reference ion (atom) Dirac-Fock potential and of the Coulomb potential from the other ion within the monopole approximation. The method developed is used to calculate the K-K charge transfer and K-vacancy production probabilties for the Ne$(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6)$ -- F$^{8+}(1s)$ collisions at the F$^{8+}(1s)$ projectile energies 130 keV/u and 230 keV/u. The obtained results are compared with experimental data and other theoretical calculations. The K-K charge transfer and K-vacancy production probabilities are also calculated for the Xe -- Xe$^{53+}(1s)$ collision.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

Assessing the non-ideality of the CO2-CS2 system at molecular level: A Raman scattering study

The dense phase of CO2-CS2 mixtures has been analysed by Raman spectroscopy as a function of the CO2 concentration (0.02-0.95 mole fractions) by varying the pressure (0.5 MPa up to 7.7 MPa) at constant temperature (313 K). The polarised and depolarised spectra of the induced (nu(2), nu(3)) modes of CS2 and of the nu(1)-2 nu(2) Fermi resonance dyad of both CO2 and CS2 have been measured. Upon dilution with CO2, the evolution of the spectroscopic observables of all these modes displays a \"plateau-like\" region in the CO2 mole fraction 0.3-0.7 never previously observed in CO2-organic liquids mixtures. The bandshape and intensity of the induced modes of CS2 are similar to those of pure CS2 up to equimolar concentration, after which variations occur. The preservation of the local ordering from pure CS2 to equimolar concentration together with the non-linear evolution of the spectroscopic observables allows inferring that two solvation regimes exist with a transition occurring in the plateau domain. In the first regime, corresponding to CS2 concentrated mixtures, the liquid phase is segregated with dominant CS2 clusters, whereas, in the second one, CO2 monomers and dimers and CO2-CS2 hetero-dimers coexist dynamically on a picosecond time-scale. It is demonstrated that the subtle interplay between attractive and repulsive interactions which provides a molecular interpretation of the non-ideality of the CO2-CS2 mixture allows rationalizing the volume expansion and the existence of the plateau-like region observed in the pressure-composition diagram previously ascribed to the proximity of an upper critical solution temperature at lower temperatures. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC

Опыт использования расширенного транстрицепитального доступа при остеосинтезе сложных переломов дистального метаэпифиза плечевой кости

Background. The preferred treatment for intra-articular displaced fractures is open reduction and internal fixation. The need to obtain a better visualization of the fracture geometry made it necessary to develop a large number of new approaches and their modifications.Material and methods. The study included 186 patients with an intra-articular fracture of the distal humerus, who underwent plate osteosynthesis using the standard technique. The main group included 112 patients who were operated on using ETTA. The comparison group included 74 patients with a similar type of fracture, who were operated on using chevron olecranon osteotomy. The groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, mechanism of injury, and nature of the fracture. Long-term results were evaluated in 186 patients (minimum follow-up period – 12 months).Results. Comparative analysis revealed that the time of surgery was reduced by an average of 20 minutes (p=0.03) in the main group. The immediate and medium-term results were assessed according to the data of physical examinations, control radiography, dynamics of the increase in the amplitude of motion in the elbow joint. The results were comparable. When assessing complications, the migration of fixators was detected in 5.5% in the main group and 16% in the comparison group. In the comparison group, failure of union of the olecranon after osteotomy, migration of wires with skin perforation, and reactive bursitis were observed.Conclusion. 1. The extended transtriceps approach provides good visualization for fixing fractures of the distal humerus. 2. Evaluation of treatment results confirms that osteosynthesis using this access allows to reduce the time and trauma of the operation, to avoid complications associated with osteotomy of the olecranon, and to carry out successful postoperative rehabilitation, achieving good functional results. Актуальность. Предпочтительным методом лечения для внутрисуставных переломов со смещением является открытая репозиция и внутренняя фиксация. Необходимость получения лучшей визуализации геометрии перелома заставила предложить большое количество новых доступов и их модификаций.Цель. Разработка показаний для расширенного транстрицепитального доступа (РТТД) и определение функциональных результатов при фиксации переломов дистального отдела с использованием данного доступа.Материал и методы. В исследование включены 186 пациентов с внутрисуставным переломом дистального отдела плечевой кости, которым был выполнен остеосинтез пластинами по стандартной методике. В основную группу вошли 112 пациентов, которые были оперированы с использованием РТТД. В группу сравнения вошли 74 пациента с аналогичным типом перелома, которые были оперированы с применением шевронной остеотомии локтевого отростка. Группы были сопоставимы по возрасту, полу, механизму травмы и характеру перелома. Отдаленные результаты были оценены у 186 пациентов (минимальный срок наблюдения — 12 месяцев).Результаты. При сравнительном анализе было выявлено, что длительность оперативного вмешательства сократилось в среднем на 20 минут (р=0,03) в основной группе. Ближайшие и среднесрочные результаты оценивали по данным физикальных осмотров, контрольной рентгенографии, динамике прироста амплитуды движения в локтевом суставе. Результаты были сопоставимы. При оценке осложнений миграция фиксаторов выявлена в 5,5% у основной группы и 16% в группе сравнения. В группе сравнения к осложнениям добавились несращение локтевого отростка после остеотомии, миграция спиц с перфорацией кожи, реактивный бурсит.Выводы. 1. Расширенный транстриципитальный доступ обеспечивает хорошую визуализацию для фиксации переломов дистального отдела плечевой кости. 2. Оценка результатов лечения подтверждает, что остеосинтез с применением этого доступа позволяет сократить время и травматичность операции, избежать осложнений, связанных с остеотомией локтевого отростка, позволяет проводить успешную послеоперационную реабилитацию, достигая хороших функциональных результатов.

Concerning the Application of Heterologous Preparations in Practical Healthcare

The paper presents the data on the assessment of the demand for heterologous drugs and highlights the need for their use in practical healthcare. Currently, 15 heterologous immunoglobulins and sera are registered in the Russian Federation. Nine of them are against bacterial and viral infections (anthrax, diphtheria, tetanus, botulism, rabies, anti-gangrenous), one – against snake venom, five other – anti-thymocyte immunoglobulins produced by domestic and foreign manufacturers. Analysis of the data has demonstrated that anti-rabies immunoglobulin, anti-diphtheria and anti-botulinic sera, A, B and E type are the most in-demand. Production of other therapeutic drugs from this group, for instance, anti-gangrenous serum, tends to decline. Adequate provision of medical curative and preventive institutions with these preparations is a significant element in timely treatment of infectious diseases such as anthrax, diphtheria, tetanus, botulism, rabies, as well as snake bites. In prophylaxis and treatment of certain diseases (emergency aid in case of anthrax, rabies, venomous snake bites) heterologous preparations still oftentimes do not have an alternative. The key problem in regulation of heterologous preparation circulation is absence of quality, efficacy and safety criteria applicable to other immunobiological preparations. Development of unified requirements to standardization of heterologous sera and immunoglobulins of various specificity, principles of efficacy and safety evaluation is necessary for harmonization of current guidelines on medical use. Earlier elaborated by WHO approaches to heterologous sera to venoms of snakes can be used for monitoring and harmonization of normative legal documents on the improvement, evaluation of quality, efficacy and safety of alternative drugs being in circulation in the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation