Ethical and Legal Issues of Interaction between a Defence Lawyer and a Prosecutor during the Criminal Trial

The institutions of the prosecution and defence are recognised as equitable related institutions that facilitate the activities of the judiciary. The consolidation of the new status of the institution of defence in the judicial system necessitates the study of new forms of communication between the defence and the court, the principles of such interaction, including the consideration of international standards and European experience. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that interaction between a defence lawyer and a prosecutor can only be within the framework of a court session and any exchange of information can be performed only if full publicity is achieved in the process of interaction between a defence lawyer and a prosecutor. The authors show that interaction is carried out through a judge and is completely personalised. Accordingly, the interaction should be implemented to influence the judge in the process of forming and passing an appropriate judgement. The authors determine that the such a judgement can be formed in the course of communication and the provision of certain arguments that a defence lawyer cannot communicate in advance and which can only be voiced during a court session. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of innovating the activities of a defence lawyer and increasing the appropriate level of perception on the part of the judge and, accordingly, the prosecutor as representatives of the institutions of justice

Wigner phase space distribution as a wave function

We demonstrate that the Wigner function of a pure quantum state is a wave function in a specially tuned Dirac bra-ket formalism and argue that the Wigner function is in fact a probability amplitude for the quantum particle to be at a certain point of the classical phase space. Additionally, we establish that in the classical limit, the Wigner function transforms into a classical Koopman-von Neumann wave function rather than into a classical probability distribution. Since probability amplitude need not be positive, our findings provide an alternative outlook on the Wigner function's negativity.Comment: 6 pages and 2 figure

Оценка динамических параметров составного резонатора волнового твердотельного гироскопа

В роботі проведено дослідження впливу неідеальності виготовлення окремих частин складеного резонатора та їх з’єднання на зміну власних частот коливань резонатора хвильового твердотільного гіроскопа (ХТГ). Отримані залежності, що визначають основні та допоміжні частини власних частот коливань для створення віброзахищеної конструкції резонатора ХТГ.In the paper to conduct the investigation of influence imperfection manufacturing of separate parts of the compound resonator and their joint on change of natural frequencies of oscillations of the resonator of wave solid-state gyro (WSG) is conducted. Relations which determine the main and accessories of natural frequencies of oscillations for making vibroprotective designs of resonator WSG are received.В работе проведено исследование влияния неидеальности изготовления отдельных частей составного резонатора и их соединения на изменение собственных частот колебаний резонатора волнового твердотельного гироскопа (ВТГ). Получены зависимости, копределяющие основные и вспомогательные части собственных частот колебаний для создания виброзащищенной конструкции резонатора ВТГ

Cross section and analyzing power of pol{p}p -> pn pi+ near threshold

The cross section and analyzing power of the pol{p}p -> pn pi+ reaction near threshold are estimated in terms of data obtained from the pol{p}p -> d pi+ and pp -> pp pi0 reactions. A simple final state interaction theory is developed which depends weakly upon the form of the pion-production operator and includes some Coulomb corrections. Within the uncertainties of the model and the input data, the approach reproduces well the measured energy dependence of the total cross section and the proton analyzing power at a fixed pion c.m. angle of 90deg, from threshold to T_p = 330 MeV. The variation of the differential cross section with pion angle is also very encouraging.Comment: 20 pages, Latex including 4 eps figure

Voting 'against all' in postcommunist Russia

Since the early 1990s voters in Russia (and most of the other post-Soviet republics) have been offered the opportunity to vote ‘against all’ parties and candidates. Increasing numbers have done so. The evidence of two post-election surveys indicates that ‘against all’ voters are younger than other voters, more urban and more highly educated. They do not reject liberal democracy, but are critical of the contemporary practice of Russian politics and find no parties that adequately reflect their views. With the ending of the ‘against all’ facility in 2006 and other changes in the Russian electoral system under the Putin presidency, levels of turnout are likely to fall further and the protest vote will seek other outlets within or outside the parliamentary system

Large-Mass Ultra-Low Noise Germanium Detectors: Performance and Applications in Neutrino and Astroparticle Physics

A new type of radiation detector, a p-type modified electrode germanium diode, is presented. The prototype displays, for the first time, a combination of features (mass, energy threshold and background expectation) required for a measurement of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering in a nuclear reactor experiment. The device hybridizes the mass and energy resolution of a conventional HPGe coaxial gamma spectrometer with the low electronic noise and threshold of a small x-ray semiconductor detector, also displaying an intrinsic ability to distinguish multiple from single-site particle interactions. The present performance of the prototype and possible further improvements are discussed, as well as other applications for this new type of device in neutrino and astroparticle physics (double-beta decay, neutrino magnetic moment and WIMP searches).Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.

Dependence of pp->pp pi0 near Threshold on the Spin of the Colliding Nucleons

A polarized internal atomic hydrogen target and a stored, polarized beam are used to measure the spin-dependent total cross section Delta_sigma_T/sigma_tot, as well as the polar integrals of the spin correlation coefficient combination A_xx-A_yy, and the analyzing power A_y for pp-> pp pi0 at four bombarding energies between 325 and 400 MeV. This experiment is made possible by the use of a cooled beam in a storage ring. The polarization observables are used to study the contribution from individual partial waves.Comment: 6 pages, 1 table, 4 figures, corrected equations 2 and

Operational Dynamic Modeling Transcending Quantum and Classical Mechanics

We introduce a general and systematic theoretical framework for Operational Dynamic Modeling (ODM) by combining a kinematic description of a model with the evolution of the dynamical average values. The kinematics includes the algebra of the observables and their defined averages. The evolution of the average values is drawn in the form of Ehrenfest-like theorems. We show that ODM is capable of encompassing wide ranging dynamics from classical non-relativistic mechanics to quantum field theory. The generality of ODM should provide a basis for formulating novel theories.Comment: 23 pages and 2 figures. Sec. VII B "Phase Space Representation in Curvilinear Coordinates" was correcte

Low-energy pions in nuclear matter and 2pi photoproduction within a BUU transport model

A description of low-energy scattering of pions and nuclei within a BUU transport model is presented. Implementing different scenarios of medium modifications, the mean free path of pions in nuclear matter at low momenta and pion absorption reactions on nuclei have been studied and compared to data and to results obtained via quantum mechanical scattering theory. We show that even in a regime of a long pionic wave length the semi-classical transport model is still a reliable framework for pion kinetic energies greater than ~20-30 MeV. Results are presented on pion-absorption cross sections in the regime of 10 MeV < E(kin) < 130 MeV and on photon-induced double-pion production at incident beam energies of 400-500 MeV.Comment: 22 pages, 20 figures Replaced with a revised version. Accepted for publication in EPJ A. Added a short section on pion reaction and charge exchange cross-section

Performance of the Muon Identification at LHCb

The performance of the muon identification in LHCb is extracted from data using muons and hadrons produced in J/\psi->\mu\mu, \Lambda->p\pi and D^{\star}->\pi D0(K\pi) decays. The muon identification procedure is based on the pattern of hits in the muon chambers. A momentum dependent binary requirement is used to reduce the probability of hadrons to be misidentified as muons to the level of 1%, keeping the muon efficiency in the range of 95-98%. As further refinement, a likelihood is built for the muon and non-muon hypotheses. Adding a requirement on this likelihood that provides a total muon efficiency at the level of 93%, the hadron misidentification rates are below 0.6%.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figure