A broader perspective on point of view: logophoricity in Ogonoid languages

Logophoric marking in the Ogonoid family (Benue-Congo, Niger-Congo) differs significantly from most other logophoric reference systems in that these languages employ distinct verbal suffixes in logophoric domains, in addition to regular participant reference marking. This contrasts other known logophoric reference systems, which typically exhibit two sets of mutually exclusive pronouns, one logophoric and one non-logophoric. It has been commonly held in the literature that the function of logophoric pronouns is not to disambiguate coreference of clausal arguments, but to indicate the expression of a point of view distinct from that articulated using non-logophoric personal pronouns. In this paper, the properties of logophoric reference in Gokana (Hyman and Comrie 1981) and Kana (Ikoro 1996) are introduced before discussing new data from Eleme. Evidence is presented that point of view does not play a role in the use of logophoric marking in Eleme. Rather, it is argued that the logophoric trigger is determined by the interaction of person, number and grammatical relation hierarchies allowing for the development of a unique and comparably pervasive system of coreference

Global Employee Engagement Report: A Corporate Responsibility Practitioner's Guide

This is a Corporate Responsibility Practitioner's Guide designed to provide practical information to companies looking to expand their employee engagement programs internationally. The report explores the employee engagement landscape in five countries: China, Brazil, India, South Africa and the United Kingdom. SVCF surveyed existing literature (global and country-specific) and conducted in-depth interviews with 65 corporate and nonprofit practitioners who have direct experience with employee engagement programs in the five countries studied. The report identifies cultural nuances, policies and trends that practitioners should be aware of as they design locally relevant programs

Welcome to Ireland!

Postcard from Elizabeth Bond, during the Linfield College Semester Abroad Program at the National University of Ireland, Galwa

Payment for Watershed Services: Opportunities and Realities

Many nations have found that regulatory approaches to land and water management have a limited impact. An alternative is to create incentives for sound management - under mechanisms known as payments for ecosystem services. It is a simple idea: people who look after ecosystems that benefit others should be recognised and rewarded. In the case of watersheds, downstream beneficiaries of wise upstream land and water use should compensate the stewards. To be effective, these 'payments for watershed services' must cover the costs of watershed management. In developing countries, they might also aid local development and reduce poverty. But new research shows that the problems in watersheds are complex and not easily solved. Payments for watershed services do not guarantee poverty reduction and cannot replace the best aspects of regulation

Toward Informative Assessment and a Culture of Evidence

Examines how campuses in the Strengthening Pre-collegiate Education in Community Colleges initiative combined traditional and innovative measures of student performance such as "think-aloud" protocol and pre-post testing to improve teaching and learning

Municipal Bankruptcy Under the 1976 Amendments to Chapter IX of the Bankruptcy Act

This articles examines the new Chapter IX of the Bankruptcy Act, particularly its effectiveness in providing insolvent or financially distressed municipalities with a simpler and more efficient method of obtaining financial relief. The articles discusses the differences under the new Chapter IX as compared to the old Chapter IX and argues that the new Chapter IX, although not designed to accomplish more than its predecessor, is a better tool for financially distressed municipalities because it simplifies the bankruptcy process while increasing the changes of a successful reorganization of debt

Toward Equal Delivery of Municipal Services in the Central Cities

Urban living has become inevitable for most Americans in central cities and government assistance has risen steadily to help the masses crowded in the urban complex. Legislation has been aimed at equalizing the opportunity for employment, decent housing, voting, education, basic social welfare, and a host of other concerns considered elemental for the fulfillment of the “American dream.” Until recently, the courts have been slow to act affirmatively to remedy the inequities related to the enforcement of such legislation. Recent cases suggest an attitude of benign complacency in the Supreme Court, allowing it to ignore critical socio-economic problems in the central cities even though lower federal courts are clearly focusing on these problems and the legal issues they raise. In the area of equalizing municipal service delivery in the central cities, there is a developing scenario which now calls for judicial intervention under the equal protection clause