PERANCANGAN FURNITUR PADA SEKOLAH TAMAN KANAK-KANAK TK DON BOSCO 1 DI KELAPA GADING, JAKARTA

PERANCANGAN FURNITUR PADA SEKOLAH TAMAN KANAK-KANAK TK DON BOSCO 1 DI KELAPA GADING, JAKARTA

Escherichia coli verotoxigênica: isolamento e prevalência em 60 propriedades de bovinos de leite da região de Pelotas, RS, Brasil Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli: isolation and prevalence in 60 dairy cattle farms from Pelotas-RS, Brazil

A produção de verotoxinas foi investigada em 1.127 isolamentos de Escherichia coli feitos a partir de 243 bovinos de leite, de água de consumo humano e animal e de amostras de leite de 60 propriedades da bacia leiteira de Pelotas, no período de dezembro de 1999 a dezembro de 2000, com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência de E. coli verotoxigênicas (VTEC) nas propriedades e no rebanho, de detectar a presença de sorotipos ligados a infecções humanas e de identificar, nas propriedades e na região de Pelotas, potenciais fatores de risco de infecção para os animais. A detecção das toxinas em sobrenadante de culturas de E. coli isoladas foi realizada através do ensaio de citotoxicidade em células Vero. VTEC foi isolada em 95% (57/60) das propriedades estudadas, em 49% (119/243) dos animais testados, em 5% (3/60) das amostras de água de consumo humano, em 8,35% (5/60) das amostras de água de consumo animal e em 5% (3/60) das amostras de leite. A prevalência de bovinos infectados em cada propriedade variou de 0 a 100%. Em 2,9% (7/243) dos animais testados, foram isoladas VTEC pertencentes aos sorogrupos O157, O91 e O112, que incluem cepas responsáveis por casos de colite hemorrágica e síndrome urêmica hemolítica em humanos. Fatores de risco de contaminação, como a precipitação pluviométrica, a temperatura, o tamanho da propriedade e a concentração de animais, apresentaram evidências de influenciarem a prevalência de VTEC nos animais. Estes resultados sugerem que o grupo VTEC está amplamente distribuído na bacia leiteira de Pelotas e inclui organismos pertencentes a sorogrupos patogênicos para humanos.<br>The production of verotoxin was investigated in 1127 Escherichia coli isolated from 243 dairy cattle, water for human and animal consumption, and milk samples from 60 dairy farms from Pelotas-Brazil, from December of 1999 to December of 2000, to determine the prevalence of verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) in farms, to detect the presence of serotypes involved in human infections and to identify potential risk factors for animal infection. Vero cell assay was used to detect toxins in culture supernatants from E. coli isolated. VTEC was isolated in 95% (57/60) from farms and in 49% (119/243) from cattle, 5% (3/60) from water of human consumption, in 8.35% (5/60) from water animal consumption and 5% (3/60) from milk samples. The prevalence of cattle infected for each farm ranged from 0 to 100%. VTEC belonging to serogroups O157, O91 and O112, which include strains responsible for cases of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans, were isolated from 7 (2.9%) out of 243 cattle. Risk factors for contamination, such as amount of rain, farm size and cattle number, influenced cattle prevalence rate. These results suggest that VTEC is widely distributed among dairy cattle in the region surveyed and includes organisms from serogroups pathogenic for humans

Learned predictiveness influences automatic evaluations in human contingency learning

<p>Experiments used an affective priming procedure to investigate whether evaluative conditioning in humans is subject to bias as a consequence of differences in the learned predictiveness of the cues involved. Experiment 1, using brief prime presentation, demonstrated stronger affective priming for cues that had been predictive of a neutral attribute prior to evaluative conditioning than for those that had been nonpredictive. Experiment 2, using longer prime presentation, found a reversed priming effect for previously predictive cues but not for previously nonpredictive cues. The implication is that the effect observed with brief prime presentation reflects the operation of fast-acting, automatic evaluation mechanisms and hence that evaluative conditioning can be biased by our previous learning about the predictiveness of cues.</p>