Evaluation of salivary flow in patients during head and neck radiotherapy

A radioterapia é um tratamento comumente empregado em pacientes portadores de carcinomas espinocelulares em cabeça e pescoço. Entre os efeitos colaterais locais, a xerostomia é um dos mais importantes. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da radioterapia sobre o fluxo salivar, foram feitas 3 coletas salivares: no início, em um período intermediário e posteriormente ao tratamento radioterápico. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram médias de fluxo salivar semelhantes entre a coleta inicial e o grupo controle. Com o decorrer da radioterapia, houve diminuição significativa do fluxo salivar na coleta intermediária (p = 0,0008), que se manteve após o término da radioterapia (p = 0,0009). Nosso estudo enfatiza que há redução significativa do fluxo salivar durante e após a radioterapia.Radiotherapy is frequently employed for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Among the side effects, xerostomia is one of the most important. With the objective of evaluating the role of radiotherapy in salivary flow, we performed three salivary sample collections: at the beginning of, during, and immediately after radiotherapy. The results showed that the salivary flow values of the first collection were very similar to those of the control group. However, during treatment, there was a significant decrease of the salivary flow (p = 0.0008), which continued low immediately after radiotherapy (p = 0.0009). Our study showed that radiotherapy leads to an important reduction of salivary flow during and after radiotherapy

Analysis of familial incidence of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in a Brazilian population

Background: The purpose of this study is to follow the familial incidence of non-syndromic or isolated cleft lip, with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), and to analyze the relationships between the type of NSCL/P in the affected individual and his/her parent, looking at children in the first grade. Material and Methods: To investigate the familial incidence of NSCL/P we analyzed the records of 185 patients from 2004-2008, retrospectively. Detailed histories were collected regarding the familial incidence of NSCL/P. For the 185 individuals, the relationship between the type of NSCL/P and the sociodemographic and personal characteristics of the affected person and her/his cleft relatives was obtained. Results: The individuals were 42 carriers of CL, 109 with CLP (joined in one group) and 34 with CP (p<0.001). Of the total of participants, 65 (35.13%) presented a positive history of cleft in their families and 120 (64.86%) presented a negative history (p<0.001). There were differences between the cleft groups according to types of cleft and positive familial history (p<0.001). In both groups, the relatives with higher incidence of NSCL/P were cousins, with the same pattern of distribution between the two groups (p=0.175). Conclusions: Most frequently, fissures result from CL/CLP with no familial history. However, CL/CLP was found in familial cases and cousins were the relative type more likely to be affected

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma : a conservative surgical approach

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a rare benign mixed odontogenic tumor that occurs predominantly in children and young adults with no gender predilection and anatomic site, usually appearing as a painless swelling. We present a case of an 11-year-old non-Caucasian boy complaining of large painless isolated swelling in the right mandibular body. Intraoral examination revealed a tumoral mass with cortical bone expansion, covered by normal mucosa measuring 4.0 x 2.0 cm, located on both the lingual and buccal surfaces of the right body of the mandible, with displacement of the neighboring teeth. Panoramic radiography revealed an expansile, radiolucent and well circumscribed lesion with scattered foci of calcified material, which contained several radiopaque bodies of varying sizes and shapes. The provisional diagnoses were odontoma or AFO/ Biopsy confirmed AFO. The patient was treated with conservative surgery. After two years of follow-up, no alteration or recurrence was detected

Orofacial features of Treacher Collins syndrome

Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of craniofacial development. Major features include midface hypoplasia, micrognathia, microtia, conductive hearing loss, and cleft palate. The present study is on the orofacial features of 7 Brazilian patients with sporadic TCS aged 4 to 38 years. All patients presented the typical down-slanting palpebral fissures, colobomas, zygomatic and mandibular hypoplasia, partial absence of the lower eyelid cilia, and abnormalities of the ears. Malocclusion was present in all patients, and an anterior open bite was found in 3 patients. None of the patients had a cleft palate

Aspectos clínicos, biológicos, histopatológicos e tratamentos propostos para a mucosite oral induzida por radioterapia: revisão da literatura

A mucosite oral é um dos principais efeitos colaterais agudos induzidos pelo tratamento radioterápico em cabeça e pescoço, surgindo a partir da segunda semana de tratamento e é caracterizada por ardência bucal até sintomatologia dolorosa intensa exigindo em algumas situações a interrupção do tratamento radioterápico. O objetivo desse trabalho foi rever os principais trabalhos publicados que discutem as características clínicas, histopatológicas e tratamentos propostos para a mucosite oral induzida por radioterapia. Poucos estudos descreveram os aspectos histopatológicos da mucosite oral e apenas recentemente os mecanismos biológicos começaram a ser desvendados. Embora diversas modalidades terapêuticas sejam indicadas para a prevenção e tratamento da mucosite oral, não existe consenso sobre o tratamento mais indicado. A melhor compreensão dos mecanismos biológicos e da histopatologia provavelmente contribuirá para a indicação de terapias eficazes na prevenção e manejo da mucosite oral

Goldenhar syndrome: clinical features with orofacial emphasis

OBJECTIVES: Goldenhar syndrome (GS) is a relatively common developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial anomalies in association with vertebral, cardiac, renal, and central nervous system defects. This paper describes GS features with special emphasis on oral characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The clinical features of 6 patients with GS aged 3 months to 12 years are described, and a brief review of the literature about this genetic disorder is presented. RESULTS: All patients demonstrated the classical triad of GS, including mandibular hypoplasia resulting in facial asymmetry, ear and/or eye malformation, and vertebral anomalies. In addition, renal and gastrointestinal abnormalities were observed in 2 patients. Regarding the oral involvement, 2 patients presented cleft lip and palate, and 1 patient had temporomandibular joint malformation. Malocclusion was found in all patients. CONCLUSION: Our orofacial findings correlate with the reported cases in the literature, and point out that after diagnosis GS patients need to be examined for systemic abnormalities

Minichromosome maintenance 2 and 5 expressions are increased in the epithelium of hereditary gingival fibromatosis associated with dental abnormalities

INTRODUCTION: Gingiva fibromatosis is a relatively rare condition characterized by diffuse enlargement of the gingiva, which is caused by expansion and accumulation of the connective tissue. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate proliferative and apoptotic biomarker expression in normal gingiva and two forms of gingival fibromatosis. METHODS: Archived tissue specimens of hereditary gingival fibromatosis, gingival fibromatosis and dental abnormality syndrome and normal gingiva were subject to morphological analysis and immunohistochemical staining. The results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Proteins associated with proliferation were found in the nuclei of epithelial cells from the basal and suprabasal layers, whereas apoptotic proteins were detected in the cytoplasm of the upper layers of the epithelium. Increased expressions of minichromosome maintenance proteins 2 and 5 were observed in the gingival fibromatosis and dental abnormality syndrome samples. In contrast, geminin expression was higher in normal gingiva samples. No difference in the expression of apoptotic proteins was observed among the groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings support a role for augmented proliferation of epithelial cells within the overgrown tissues associated with gingival fibromatosis or dental abnormality syndrome. However, our data suggest that different biological mechanisms may account for the pathogenesis of different types of gingival fibromatosis

Teledentistry in Oral Diagnostic: Unveiled Myths and Challenges to Be Overcome

Objective: To reveal the capabilities of the Teleinterconsulting application in Stomatology, shedding light on how this tool operates within our own experience. Material and Methods: This observational and cross-sectional study was carried out using data obtained from the pilot study of the Teleinterconsulta application in Stomatology in Paraíba, Brazil, from April 2021 to October 2023. A descriptive analysis of the data was carried out, including an analysis of the experiences of the situation. Results: This study involved the participation of 22 dentists who acted as consultants in the application, which already has more than 400 registered dentists who participate in the healthcare network. Conclusion: Teleconsultation in Stomatology can be a powerful tool that can contribute to the early diagnosis of potentially malignant diseases. We anticipate that this brief communication will inspire professionals to adopt and integrate technologies that allow teleconsultation, promoting greater openness to e-health practices