Drug-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation: a pharmacovigilance study on World Health Organization’s database

Background: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurs in several clinical conditions, including drug therapy. We aim to investigate the association between the administration of several drug classes and the onset of DIC by using the reports of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) collected in Vigibase, the World Health Organization (WHO) database of ADR. Methods: We collected reports of drug-related DIC from 1968 to September 2015, classified in Vigibase according to the MedDRA (Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities) term “Disseminated intravascular coagulation”. A disproportionality analysis using Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI95%) was performed. Results: Overall, 4653 reports of drug-associated DIC were retrieved and the 75.9% of them was serious according to WHO seriousness criteria. DIC was significantly (ROR > 1, lower limit of CI95% > 1) associated with 88 drugs, mainly antineoplastic agents, antithrombotic agents and antibacterials for systemic use. Among of the most frequently reported individual drugs we found dabigatran (94 reports) ROR = 1.34 (CI95% 1.08–1.67), oxaliplatin and bevacizumab both with 75 reports and ROR = 1.77 (1.38–2.27) and 2.02 (1.57–2.61), respectively. Conclusion: A substantial number of drugs, widely used in the clinical practice, may be associated with the potential occurrence of DIC. For many of these drugs, the ADR is not acknowledged in the corresponding Summary of Product Characteristics. The high number of drugs involved underlines the importance of evaluate this condition such as an ADR that might occur during drug therapy

Simulation of a flash-flood event over the Adriatic Sea with a high-resolution atmosphere–ocean–wave coupled system

On the morning of September 26, 2007, a heavy precipitation event (HPE) affected the Venice lagoon and the neighbouring coastal zone of the Adriatic Sea, with 6-h accumulated rainfall summing up to about 360 mm in the area between the Venetian mainland, Padua and Chioggia. The event was triggered and maintained by the uplift over a convergence line between northeasterly flow from the Alps and southeasterly winds from the Adriatic Sea. Hindcast modelling experiments, using standalone atmospheric models, failed to capture the spatial distribution, maximum intensity and timing of the HPE. Here we analyze the event by means of an atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled numerical approach. The combined use of convection permitting models with grid spacing of 1 km, high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) fields, and the consistent treatment of marine boundary layer fluxes in all the numerical model components are crucial to provide a realistic simulation of the event. Inaccurate representations of the SST affect the wind magnitude and, through this, the intensity, location and time evolution of the convergence zone, thus affecting the HPE prediction. © 2021, The Author(s)

Evaluation of the safety profile of rotavirus vaccines: a pharmacovigilance analysis on American and European data

Rotaviruses (RVs) are the most common cause of severe diarrheal disease. To date two rotavirus oral vaccines are licensed: Rotarix and Rotateq. Our aim was to contribute to the post-marketing evaluation of these vaccines safety profile. We collected all RV vaccines-related reports of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) in US Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) and VigiBase between January 2007 and December 2017. A disproportionality analysis using Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) was performed. A total of 17,750 reports in VAERS and 6,358 in VigiBase were retrieved. In VAERS, 86.2% of the reports concerned RotaTeq, whereas in VigiBase 67.7% of them involved Rotarix. Across the databases, diarrhea (1,672 events in VAERS, 1,961 in VigiBase) and vomiting (1,746 in VAERS, 1,508 in VigiBase) were the most reported AEFIs. Noteworthy, the RV vaccines-intussusception pair showed a ROR greater than 20 in both databases. Some new potential safety signals emerged such as fontanelle bulging, hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode, livedo reticularis, and opisthotonus. Overall, our data show that most of the reported AEFIs are listed in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPCs). However, there remains the need to investigate the potential safety signals arose from this analysis, in order to complete the description of the AEFIs

An investigation of hydro-geochemical processes in coupled thermal, hydraulic, chemical and mechanical behaviours of unsaturated soils

The new model ahs then been applied to investigate relevant hydraulic and hydrogeochemical processes in a swelling clay.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Resistência de porta-enxertos de maracujazeiro a Fusarium spp em Terra Nova do Norte/MT.

Com objetivo de estudar o comportamento de porta-enxertos de maracujazeiro em relação à resistência a Fusarium spp, no ano de 2012, em Terra Nova do Norte/MT, foram conduzidos dois ensaios, por três anos, nas propriedades do Sr. Pedro e do Sr. Maciel, com histórico de fusariose em maracujazeiro. As mudas foram conduzidas no viveiro da COOPERNOVA e foram utilizados os porta-enxertos dos seguintes genótipos: (T1) CPAC M5-H-67, (T2) CPAC MJ-H-65, (T3) CPAC MJ-H-66, (T4) Gigante Amarelo, (T5) CPAC MJ-45-03, CPAC MJ-H-68, (T6) P. edulis (PE), (T7) Passiflora nitida e (T8) P. alata, sob a copa da cultivar BRS Gigante Amarelo. Os materiais foram fornecidos pela Embrapa Cerrados, pelo Dr. Dr. Givanildo Roncato e COOPERNOVA. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso. Cada unidade experimental foi constituída de quatro plantas com espaçamento de 4 m entre plantas e 3 m entre ruas Os tratamentos 6 e 8 foram as testemunhas suscetível e resistente, respectivamente. Na propriedade do Sr. Pedro, onde o solo é mais argiloso, as plantas começaram a apresentar sintomas de fusariose mais cedo, em relação à área do Sr. Maciel, que é mais arenosa. Os tratamentos: 4 (Gigante Amarelo) e 6 (P. edulis) foram os que apresentaram maior mortalidade de plantas, nas duas propriedades, o que já era esperado, uma vez que são materiais extremamente suscetíveis à fusariose. Os tratamentos 1 (CPAC M5-H-67), 3 (CPAC MJ-H-66), 5 (CPAC MJ-45-03) e 8 (P. alata), apresentaram entre de 25 e 50% de mortalidade, na propriedade do Sr. Maciel, possivelmente, como resultado do manejo, uma vez que as mesmas apresentaram mortalidade menor na área do Sr. Pedro, mesmo esta possuindo solo mais argiloso. Os tratamentos 2 (CPAC MJ-H-65); e 7 (P. nítida) apresentaram menor mortalidade ao longo das avaliações, nas duas propiedades. O tratamento 8 (P. alata), não apresentou mortes de plantas na propriedade do Sr. Pedro, o que era esperado, uma vez que esse material é resistente a fusariose do maracujazeiro

Environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor of the copper in 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution.

Environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor of the copper in 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution. G. Quartarone,a L. Ronchin,a A. Vavasori,a C. Tortato,a L. Bonaldo.b aUniversity of Venice, Dep. of Chemistry, Dorsoduro. 2137, 30123 Venice. E-mail: [email protected] bLubrikn, production of additives for lubricant, via Dell’Artigianato, 38, 30030 Vicenza. Copper corrosion inhibition by gramine [3-(dimethylaminomethyl)indole] in the 0.5 M sulphuric acid solutions was studied in the temperature range 25-55 °C using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques (EIS). Gramine was dissolved at various concentrations (from 5∙10-4 to 7.5∙10-3) in 0.5 M sulphuric acid. The surface preparation of the specimens was carried out using silicon carbide paper up to grade 1200. EIS measurements were performed after dipping the working electrode into the 0.5 M sulphuric acid solutions with or without inhibitor at Ecorr with an a.c. voltage amplitude of 5mV. The frequency range was swept between 100 kHz and 10 mHz with 10 point for hertz decade. The presence of gramine led to changes of the impedance plots in both shape and size. The plots of Nyquist exhibited that some impedance spectra consisted of one capacitive loop at the higher frequencies which was attributed to a faradaic process involving a charge transfer resistance in parallel with double-layer capacitance element [1]. The size of the capacitive arc increased by increasing the concentration of gramine. This indicated that gramine increased the charge transfer resistance and then it had an inhibiting effect on copper corrosion in 0.5 M sulphuric acid solutions. Inhibition efficiencies results showed that the gramine inhibited the copper corrosion in the temperature range 25-55 °C reaching the maximum value of 86% at 55 °C. Impedance spectra also showed a depression of Nyquist-plot semicircles that can be related to the surface heterogeneity due the microscopic roughness of the electrode surface and inhibitor adsorption [2]. Moreover at the lower frequencies in both the uninhibited solutions and inhibited ones by lower inhibitor concentrations, the Warburg impedance appeared. In the copper corrosion in oxygenated sulphuric acid solutions at Ecorr the anodic reaction is copper dissolution and cathodic reaction is oxygen reduction being the hydrogen discharge current density negligible as compared to oxygen reduction current density. Then the Warburg impedance could be attributed to oxygen transport from the bulk solution to the copper surface [3]. The adsorption behaviour of gramine followed Temkin’s isotherm. The values of the standard free energy of adsorption of the gramine at 25 °C, 35 °C, 45 °C and 55°C were calculed. A structural model of the interface copper/0.5 M H2SO4 was proposed. [1] O.E. Barcia and O.R. Mattos, Electrochim. Acta 35, 1990, 1601. [2] H. Ashassi-Sorkhabi, N. Ghalebsaz-Jeddi, F. Hasemzadeh and H. Jahani, Electrochim. Acta 51, 2006, 3848. [3] H. Ma, S. Chen, B. Yin, S. Zhao, X. Liu, Corros. Sci., 45, 2003, 867

Relative sea-level rise and potential submersion risk for 2100 on 16 coastal plains of the mediterranean sea

The coasts of the Mediterranean Sea are dynamic habitats in which human activities have been conducted for centuries and which feature micro-tidal environments with about 0.40 m of range. For this reason, human settlements are still concentrated along a narrow coastline strip, where any change in the sea level and coastal dynamics may impact anthropic activities. In the frame of the RITMARE and the Copernicus Projects, we analyzed light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and Copernicus Earth Observation data to provide estimates of potential marine submersion for 2100 for 16 small-sized coastal plains located in the Italian peninsula and four Mediterranean countries (France, Spain, Tunisia, Cyprus) all characterized by different geological, tectonic and morphological features. The objective of this multidisciplinary study is to provide the first maps of sea-level rise scenarios for 2100 for the IPCC RCP 8.5 and Rahmstorf (2007) projections for the above affected coastal zones, which are the locations of touristic resorts, railways, airports and heritage sites. On the basis of our model (eustatic projection for 2100, glaciohydrostasy values and tectonic vertical movement), we provide 16 high-definition submersion maps. We estimated a potential loss of land for the above areas of between about 148 km2 (IPCC-RCP8.5 scenario) and 192 km2 (Rahmstorf scenario), along a coastline length of about 400 km