\u3cem\u3eFeminism and the Politics of Difference.\u3c/em\u3e Sneja Gunew and Anna Yeatman. Reviewed by Martin Bombyle, Fordham University.

Sneja Gunew and Anna Yeatman, Feminism and the Politics of Difference, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994. $48.95 hardcover;$17.95 papercover

Ensuring media security in the era of information globalization

The aim of the study is to identify key threats to media security and ways of their minimization. The methods of statistical analysis, case studies, content analysis, and rating analysis were used in the article. The study established that the biggest threat to media security is the spread of misinformation. This threat is complex because of the ability to spread in multiple ways and channels using a number of tools hybridized by misinformation, including propaganda, fake news, information leakage, manipulation, falsification of media content, etc. The spread of disinformation from Russia and China is of particular concern. Case study proved that disinformation is spread in many ways, and new media only deepen this problem. The consequences of the use of disinformation are public unrest, riots, mistrust of the media, and a threat to democratic values. The main areas of ensuring media security are defined as: application of technological measures, improvement of the legislative framework at the national and international levels, improvement of media literacy of the population through appropriate educational programmes and specialized campaigns. The results of the study can be used by government officials and media content providers to improve media security

До питання тепловізійної діагностики електричних машин

В роботі розглядається питання особливостей тепловізійної діагностики електричних машин, зокрема визначення центра ваги теплограми з використанням теорії нечітких множинВ работе рассматривается вопрос особенностей тепловизионной диагностики электрических машин, в частности определение центра тяжести теплограммы с использованием теории нечетких множествThe question features thermal imaging diagnostics of electric machines, including determining the center of gravity teplohramy using fuzzy set

The ARGOS Gene Family Functions in a Negative Feedback Loop to Desensitize Plants to Ethylene

Ethylene plays critical roles in plant growth and development, including the regulation of cell expansion, senescence, and the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Elements of the initial signal transduction pathway have been determined, but we are still defining regulatory mechanisms by which the sensitivity of plants to ethylene is modulated. We report here that members of the ARGOS gene family of Arabidopsis, previously implicated in the regulation of plant growth and biomass, function as negative feedback regulators of ethylene signaling. Expression of all four members of the ARGOS family is induced by ethylene, but this induction is blocked in ethylene-insensitive mutants. The dose dependence for ethylene induction varies among the ARGOS family members, suggesting that they could modulate responses across a range of ethylene concentrations. GFP-fusions of ARGOS and ARL localize to the endoplasmic reticulum, the same subcellular location as the ethylene receptors and other initial components of the ethylene signaling pathway. Seedlings with increased expression of ARGOS family members exhibit reduced ethylene sensitivity based on physiological and molecular responses

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of mastitis pathogens isolated from dairy herds transitioning to organic management

Changes in udder health and antibiotic resistance of mastitis pathogens isolated from dairies upon conversion from conventional to organic management over a 3-year period was studied. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most prevalent mastitis pathogens isolated. CNS were significantly less resistant to β-lactam antibiotics when isolated from milk after the herd transitioned to organic management. Cessation of the use of antimicrobial therapies in dairies in combination with organic management could lead to a reduction in the antimicrobial resistance of mastitis pathogens

An Experimental Study of Taxpayer Compliance Behavior Under Alternative Reporting Regimes

Underreporting of income is a costly problem for the government and for those people who do pay their taxes, due to the necessity of higher tax burdens to sustain a given amount of revenue. An extensive research report published by the IRS this year estimates that in the United States in 2006 the “tax gap” between paid taxes and legally owed taxes was $450 billion, which means 16.9 percent of total tax liabilities were evaded that year (Black et al., 2012). The IRS recovered$65 billion from late payments and audits, but that still left 14.5 percent noncompliance. Breaking the tax gap down into finer categories, the IRS finds that the vast majority (84 percent) comes from underreporting of income, most of that (62.5 percent) comes from individual income taxes, and most of that (52 percent) is small business proprietor’s income. This totals to 27 percent of noncompliance due to underreporting of individual proprietor income. It is estimated that 57 percent of business income is not reported (Black et al., 2012). Wages make up a small fraction of underreporting, mostly due to the fact that firms must report employee income directly to the IRS, and withholding is common, so a relatively disinterested third party makes the decision of how much income is reported (Slemrod, 2008). Slemrod emphasizes the importance of enforcement in compliance behavior, citing the fact that income subject to withholding and substantial information reporting (wages) has a 1 percent noncompliance rate, compared to 56 percent noncompliance for income with little or no information reporting requirements. Given the difficulty of identifying cheaters and the cost of increasing the rate of auditing, a better understanding of the determinants of noncompliance is needed 1 to reduce the magnitude of tax cheating. To address a part of the tax evasion quandary, Kalambokidis et al. (2012) conducted a laboratory experiment1 which was designed to examine the feasibility of using the choice between a high-burden,2 low-transparency and a low-burden, high-transparency tax regime, as a mechanism to separate out those who have higher and lower propensities to cheat when reporting their income. The results are the subject of this paper

Social Parenting: an Exploratory Study of Informal Relationships Between Adults, Unrelated Children, and the Children's Parents.

This exploratory, qualitative study defines, describes, and analyzes key dimensions of the social parenting phenomenon: how informal relationships between adults and other people's children are formed, how they work, and how they are experienced by the people in them. The adults, whom I call social parents, are friends, neighbors, or housemates of the children and are not the children's relatives, paid babysitters, romantic partners of the children's parents, or program volunteers. Eighteen social parents and sixteen primary parents participating in the study's fifteen criteria-defined social parenting arrangements were interviewed in their homes using a semi-structured interview guide. The social parents were more likely to be single (66%), female (66%), and /or child-free (80%), and 50% of the primary parents are single mothers. Nine factors account for the relationships' origins: family background, proximity, ideology, housing, available time, friendship between the social and primary parents, and the characteristics of the children, the social parents and the primary parents. The social parenting relationships are characterized by recreational and childcare activities which provide numerous benefits for all concerned. Difficulties associated with some of the arrangements include unclear expectations, disagreements, and the maintenance of reciprocity. I found the social parenting arrangements to be viable, beneficial, familial support systems in which the social parents serve as substitute parents, "extended family" members, and /or close friends. The lack of societal recognition and acceptance of social parenting arrangements causes certain problems in the fit between the arrangements and their social contexts. I propose concrete reforms in the definition and implementation of "significant other" policies, among several educational, research, and social policy changes. I offer data-based suggestions and cautions to people participating or interested in social parenting arrangements.Ph.D.Social workUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/159705/1/8402244.pd