Response to communication of Paola Romagnani and Giuseppe Remuzzi

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El pasado violento, ¿se nos ofrece como lección? : Un estudio comparativo por ideología política

En los estudios en ciencias sociales, la ideología política suele ser una variable frecuentemente estudiada por su poder prescriptivo, a partir de la cual se extraen conclusiones para una amplia gama de factores. En este caso, la pregunta de investigación que guía este trabajo apunta a establecer si hubo alguna suerte de replanteo, por parte de la sociedad argentina, respecto de lo que fue la violencia colectiva de la década setentista, que incluyó el enfervorizado ensalzamiento de actos ilegales como forma válida de resolver los conflictos sociales por parte de los grupos de izquierda, y que, en mayor o menor medida, contribuyo a la instalación de un régimen represivo nefasto, que arrasó con los derechos humanos utilizando la maquinaria estatal para la comisión de delitos como el secuestro, la tortura, la violación, la desaparición forzada, el robo y la sustitución de identidad, entre tantos otros.This study has two goals: 1) to explore the level of knowledge about the facts that occurred between 1970 and 1983, the opinion regarding the disposition to remember the past to take a lesson for the present, the adherence to some universalistic values, social dominance orientation, and the justification of using violence nowadays; 2) to determine if there are differential positions in terms of political ideology. Participants are 601 people of both sexes, between 18 and 87 years, the average age of participants was 36.67 years (SD = 14.14). Considering the ideological positioning, 42.2% defined their selves as having a centered ideology (n = 253), being on the left, 29.6% (n = 175), and 18% of right (n = 108). 10.2% did not answer the question (n = 62). Results: there is a prevalence of willingness to review that past rather than oblivion, peopleMesas temáticas autoconvocadas: Temas actuales de Psicología social, cultural y políticaFacultad de Psicologí

El pasado violento, ¿se nos ofrece como lección? : Un estudio comparativo por ideología política

En los estudios en ciencias sociales, la ideología política suele ser una variable frecuentemente estudiada por su poder prescriptivo, a partir de la cual se extraen conclusiones para una amplia gama de factores. En este caso, la pregunta de investigación que guía este trabajo apunta a establecer si hubo alguna suerte de replanteo, por parte de la sociedad argentina, respecto de lo que fue la violencia colectiva de la década setentista, que incluyó el enfervorizado ensalzamiento de actos ilegales como forma válida de resolver los conflictos sociales por parte de los grupos de izquierda, y que, en mayor o menor medida, contribuyo a la instalación de un régimen represivo nefasto, que arrasó con los derechos humanos utilizando la maquinaria estatal para la comisión de delitos como el secuestro, la tortura, la violación, la desaparición forzada, el robo y la sustitución de identidad, entre tantos otros.This study has two goals: 1) to explore the level of knowledge about the facts that occurred between 1970 and 1983, the opinion regarding the disposition to remember the past to take a lesson for the present, the adherence to some universalistic values, social dominance orientation, and the justification of using violence nowadays; 2) to determine if there are differential positions in terms of political ideology. Participants are 601 people of both sexes, between 18 and 87 years, the average age of participants was 36.67 years (SD = 14.14). Considering the ideological positioning, 42.2% defined their selves as having a centered ideology (n = 253), being on the left, 29.6% (n = 175), and 18% of right (n = 108). 10.2% did not answer the question (n = 62). Results: there is a prevalence of willingness to review that past rather than oblivion, peopleMesas temáticas autoconvocadas: Temas actuales de Psicología social, cultural y políticaFacultad de Psicologí

El pasado violento, ¿se nos ofrece como lección? : Un estudio comparativo por ideología política

En los estudios en ciencias sociales, la ideología política suele ser una variable frecuentemente estudiada por su poder prescriptivo, a partir de la cual se extraen conclusiones para una amplia gama de factores. En este caso, la pregunta de investigación que guía este trabajo apunta a establecer si hubo alguna suerte de replanteo, por parte de la sociedad argentina, respecto de lo que fue la violencia colectiva de la década setentista, que incluyó el enfervorizado ensalzamiento de actos ilegales como forma válida de resolver los conflictos sociales por parte de los grupos de izquierda, y que, en mayor o menor medida, contribuyo a la instalación de un régimen represivo nefasto, que arrasó con los derechos humanos utilizando la maquinaria estatal para la comisión de delitos como el secuestro, la tortura, la violación, la desaparición forzada, el robo y la sustitución de identidad, entre tantos otros.This study has two goals: 1) to explore the level of knowledge about the facts that occurred between 1970 and 1983, the opinion regarding the disposition to remember the past to take a lesson for the present, the adherence to some universalistic values, social dominance orientation, and the justification of using violence nowadays; 2) to determine if there are differential positions in terms of political ideology. Participants are 601 people of both sexes, between 18 and 87 years, the average age of participants was 36.67 years (SD = 14.14). Considering the ideological positioning, 42.2% defined their selves as having a centered ideology (n = 253), being on the left, 29.6% (n = 175), and 18% of right (n = 108). 10.2% did not answer the question (n = 62). Results: there is a prevalence of willingness to review that past rather than oblivion, peopleMesas temáticas autoconvocadas: Temas actuales de Psicología social, cultural y políticaFacultad de Psicologí

A Storable Mediatorless Electrochemical Biosensor for Herbicide Detection.

A novel mediatorless photo-bioelectrochemical sensor operated with a biofilm of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 wt. for herbicide detection with long term stability (>20 days) was successfully developed and tested. Photoanodic current generation was obtained in the absence of artificial mediators. The inhibitory effect on photocurrent of three commonly used herbicides (i.e., atrazine, diuron, and paraquat) was used as a means of measuring their concentrations in aqueous solution. The injection of atrazine and diuron into the algal medium caused an immediate photocurrent drop due to the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport. The detected concentrations were suitable for environmental analysis, as revealed by a comparison with the freshwater quality benchmarks set by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States (US EPA). In contrast, paraquat caused an initial increase (~2 h) of the photocurrent effect of about 200%, as this compound can act as a redox mediator between the cells and the anode. A relatively long-term stability of the biosensor was demonstrated, by keeping anodes colonized with cyanobacterial biofilm in the dark at 4 °C. After 22 days of storage, the performance in terms of the photocurrent was comparable with the freshly prepared biosensor. This result was confirmed by the measurement of chlorophyll content, which demonstrated preservation of the cyanobacterial biofilm. The capacity of this biosensor to recover after a cold season or other prolonged environmental stresses could be a key advantage in field applications, such as in water bodies and agriculture. This study is a step forward in the biotechnological development and implementation of storable mediatorless electrochemical biosensors for herbicide detection

Clima social emocional, confianza en las instituciones y percepción de problemas sociales

En el marco de una investigación que indaga distintas dimensiones del bienestar psicosocial los objetivos del presente trabajo son evaluar si existen relaciones entre los problemas sociales percibidos, la confianza que las personas tienen hacia las instituciones, el poder atribuido a ellas y el clima emocional social, evaluar sus niveles y probables diferencias en función de aspectos tales como el género, el auto-posicionamiento ideológico y el lugar de residencia.Eje temático: Psicología social, institucional y comunitariaFacultad de Psicologí

Clima social emocional, confianza en las instituciones y percepción de problemas sociales

En el marco de una investigación que indaga distintas dimensiones del bienestar psicosocial los objetivos del presente trabajo son evaluar si existen relaciones entre los problemas sociales percibidos, la confianza que las personas tienen hacia las instituciones, el poder atribuido a ellas y el clima emocional social, evaluar sus niveles y probables diferencias en función de aspectos tales como el género, el auto-posicionamiento ideológico y el lugar de residencia.Eje temático: Psicología social, institucional y comunitariaFacultad de Psicologí

Excess of NPM-ALK oncogenic signaling promotes cellular apoptosis and drug dependency.

Most of the anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) cases carry the t(2;5; p23;q35) that produces the fusion protein NPM-ALK (nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase). NPM-ALK-deregulated kinase activity drives several pathways that support malignant transformation of lymphoma cells. We found that in ALK-rearranged ALCL cell lines, NPM-ALK was distributed in equal amounts between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Only the cytoplasmic portion was catalytically active in both cell lines and primary ALCL, whereas the nuclear portion was inactive because of heterodimerization with NPM1. Thus, about 50% of the NPM-ALK is not active and sequestered as NPM-ALK/NPM1 heterodimers in the nucleus. Overexpression or relocalization of NPM-ALK to the cytoplasm by NPM genetic knockout or knockdown caused ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2) increased phosphorylation and cell death through the engagement of an ATM/Chk2- and γH2AX (phosphorylated H2A histone family member X)-mediated DNA-damage response. Remarkably, human NPM-ALK-amplified cell lines resistant to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) underwent apoptosis upon drug withdrawal as a consequence of ERK1/2 hyperactivation. Altogether, these findings indicate that an excess of NPM-ALK activation and signaling induces apoptosis via oncogenic stress responses. A 'drug holiday' where the ALK TKI treatment is suspended could represent a therapeutic option in cells that become resistant by NPM-ALK amplification.We thank Maria Stella Scalzo for technical support, Dr Emanuela Colombo for kindly providing MEFs that lack NPM1 (MEF NPM−/−p53−/−) and control fibroblasts (MEF p53−/−), Dr Guido Serini for the use of his confocal microscopy unit at the Candiolo Cancer Institute—IRCCS, Torino, Italy. We also thank Ariad Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Astellas and Novartis that kindly provided all drugs used in this study. This work was supported by the Regione Lombardia (ID14546A) and Fondazione Berlucchi Onlus Grant 2014 (to CGP), and by grants FP7 ERC-2009-StG (Proposal No. 242965—‘Lunely’); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) Grant IG-12023; Koch Institute/DFCC Bridge Project Fund; Ellison Foundation Boston; Worldwide Cancer Research Association (former AICR) grant 12-0216; the Grant for Oncology Innovation by Merck-Serono and R01 CA196703-01 (to RC).This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from NPG via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/onc.2015.45

Integrated Genomic, Functional, and Prognostic Characterization of Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) is a BCR-ABL1-negative clonal disorder, which belongs to the myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative group. This disease is characterized by recurrent somatic mutations in SETBP1, ASXL1 and ETNK1 genes, as well as high genetic heterogeneity, thus posing a great therapeutic challenge. To provide a comprehensive genomic characterization of aCML we applied a high-throughput sequencing strategy to 43 aCML samples, including both whole-exome and RNA-sequencing data. Our dataset identifies ASXL1, SETBP1, and ETNK1 as the most frequently mutated genes with a total of 43.2%, 29.7 and 16.2%, respectively. We characterized the clonal architecture of 7 aCML patients by means of colony assays and targeted resequencing. The results indicate that ETNK1 variants occur early in the clonal evolution history of aCML, while SETBP1 mutations often represent a late event. The presence of actionable mutations conferred both ex vivo and in vivo sensitivity to specific inhibitors with evidence of strong in vitro synergism in case of multiple targeting. In one patient, a clinical response was obtained. Stratification based on RNA-sequencing identified two different populations in terms of overall survival, and differential gene expression analysis identified 38 significantly overexpressed genes in the worse outcome group. Three genes correctly classified patients for overall survival