A unified statistical model for S-N fatigue curves: probabilistic definition

In recent years, experimental tests exploring the gigacycle fatigue properties of materials suggest the introduction of modifications in well known statistical fatigue life models. Usual fatigue life models, characterized by a single failure mechanism and by the presence of the fatigue limit, have been integrated by models that can take into account the occurrence of two failure mechanisms and do not consider the presence of the fatigue limit. The general case, in which more than two failure mechanisms coexist with the fatigue limit, has not been proposed yet. The paper presents a unified statistical model which can take into account any number of failure mechanisms and the possible presence of the fatigue limit. The case of S-N curves with different fatigue life distributions coexisting for the entire stress range covered by fatigue tests is also considered. The adaptability of the statistical model to the S-N curves proposed in the open literature is demonstrated by qualitative numerical example

Effective Strategies of Volunteers in Overcoming Challenges to Build a Sustainable Community Based on Civic Engagement

This research examines effective strategies applied by volunteers in facing challenges to build sustainable communities based on civic engagement. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, this research explores the in-depth experiences of volunteers involved in handling waste issues in Malang City. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation, which were systematically analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that close collaboration with various stakeholders, including the government and local organizations, is key to expanding support and increasing the impact of activities. Regular internal education enhances volunteer capacity, while public campaigns and advocacy drive community awareness and policy change. Community solidarity and emotional support between volunteers play an important role in maintaining collective motivation. Other strategies include flexible time management, task delegation, and utilizing creativity in managing limited resources. Self-management is also crucial in dealing with internal challenges such as social pressure and personal expectations. Volunteers who are able to manage their emotions and stay focused on the organization's vision show higher consistency in action. This research offers practical guidance for social organizations in improving the efficiency and impact of their activities, while contributing to the academic literature on volunteer dynamics in building sustainable communities. The findings underscore the importance of innovation, collaboration and civic engagement-based approaches as a foundation for addressing increasingly complex social and environmental challenge

Effective Strategies of Volunteers in Overcoming Challenges to Build a Sustainable Community Based on Civic Engagement

This research examines effective strategies applied by volunteers in facing challenges to build sustainable communities based on civic engagement. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, this research explores the in-depth experiences of volunteers involved in handling waste issues in Malang City. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation, which were systematically analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that close collaboration with various stakeholders, including the government and local organizations, is key to expanding support and increasing the impact of activities. Regular internal education enhances volunteer capacity, while public campaigns and advocacy drive community awareness and policy change. Community solidarity and emotional support between volunteers play an important role in maintaining collective motivation. Other strategies include flexible time management, task delegation, and utilizing creativity in managing limited resources. Self-management is also crucial in dealing with internal challenges such as social pressure and personal expectations. Volunteers who are able to manage their emotions and stay focused on the organization's vision show higher consistency in action. This research offers practical guidance for social organizations in improving the efficiency and impact of their activities, while contributing to the academic literature on volunteer dynamics in building sustainable communities. The findings underscore the importance of innovation, collaboration and civic engagement-based approaches as a foundation for addressing increasingly complex social and environmental challenge

Morphologie und Lageposition der Arteria Carotis Communis zur Vena Jugularis Interna bei Patienten mit bekanntem und unbekanntem kardiovaskulären Risikoprofil

Eine von der Norm abweichende Lageposition der Vena jugularis interna (VJI) zur A. carotis communis (ACC) stellt eine häufige Komplikation bei der Punktion dar. Die Anwendung von Ultraschall bei der Punktion kann die Komplikationsrate senken. Bei 300 Patienten wurde die Lagebeziehung der VJI zur ACC untersucht. Es stellte sich eine große Streuung der Lageposition der VJI zur ACC dar. In den bereits vorliegenden Studien ist die antero-laterale Position mit 78% die häufigste Position. In unserer Studie zeigt sich die antero-laterale Position in nur 37,8%. Eine Ursache könnte sein, dass in den vorausgegangenen Studien die Ultraschallsonde streng anterior auf den Halsbereich aufgesetzt wurde. Um die Halsrundung dabei auszugleichen muss größerer Druck ausgeübt werden und eine Verdrängung der Gefäße kann die Folge sein