Typification and taxonomic remarks on names of Iris (Iridaceae) associated with the Turkish flora

In view of the forthcoming review of Turkish irises for Resimli Türkiye Florası (The Illustrated Flora of Turkey), nineteen names are typified or nomenclatural remarks are provided in the present report. Lectotypes are designated for Iris aschersonii, I. attica, I. bornmuelleri, I. purpureobractea (a taxonomic synonym of I. junonia), I. reticulata var. cyanea, I. reticulata var. sophenensis, I. suaveolens, and I. taochia. The second‐step lectotypification is made for I. histrio. Neotypes are designated for the names I. histrioides, I. junonia, I. masiae, and I. reticulata var. histrioides; epitype, for the name I. reticulata var. sophenensis. For the previously typified names, I. bakeriana, I. musulmanica, and I. reticulata, lectotypes are given. The lectotypes for I. histrio var. aintabensis, I. schachtii, and Xiphion danfordiae, and the authorship for I. histrioides, are corrected. Images are provided for eight specimens selected as types that are not available online. Notes on distribution in Turkey are provided for all the accepted taxa

MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY LANDSCAPE

In the conditions of the emerging digital economy, it is necessary to form a more efficient and effective communication system between the enterprise and consumers. Companies that have not attached particular importance to the development of information and communication technologies and their use, it is becoming increasingly difficult to compete with industry leaders. These new modern processes in development allow us to speak about a fundamentally new stage in the development of society, far removed from the industrial stage of development. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the development of marketing and management in the era of the digital economy. In the work were applied such methods of scientific knowledge, as a comparative analysis, generalization, systematization, historical and logical method. The article identifies the most significant trends in marketing and management and their implications for business entities

Taxonomic Composition of Iris Subser. Chrysographes (Iridaceae) Inferred from Chloroplast DNA and Morphological Analyses

The species of Iris subser. Chrysographes are herbaceous perennials found mainly in southwestern and central China and also in the Eastern Himalayas. To date, six species have been recognized in this group. In the framework of its taxonomic revision, we have carried out molecular and morphological studies. For this, we have sequenced four chloroplast DNA regions (trnS–trnG, trnL–trnF, rps4–trnSGGA, and psbA–trnH) for 25 samples across the major distribution ranges of the six species. Our phylogenetic analyses evidence that I. subser. Chrysographes is indeed a monophyletic group, which is sister to I. subser. Sibiricae. Within I. subser. Chrysographes, we have recovered four divergent lineages further supported by diagnosable morphological traits and geographical distributions. In this context, our data confirm the recognition of I. clarkei, I. delavayi, and I. wilsonii in their traditional concepts. Furthermore, both molecular and morphological data support the close affinities and similar distribution ranges of I. bulleyana, I. chrysographes, and I. forrestii, which suggests including I. chrysographes and I. forrestii as color forms in I. bulleyana. A revised taxonomic treatment for the group, including the notes on the species distributions and habitats, and also an identification key to the species are provided

Typification of Names in Iris (Iridaceae) Described by Victor Janka with Taxonomic Considerations

Viktor Janka von Bulcs described five names in Iris, i.e., I. balkana, I. cretensis, I. lorea, I. mellita, and I. sintenisii. These names are typified on specimens deposited at BP, JE, LD, and P, and taxonomical information is provided in the present report. Lectotypes are designated for I. mellita (a taxonomic synonym of I. suaveolens) deposited at Friedrich Schiller University Jena (JE), for I. sintenisii at Lund University (LD), and for I. lorea (a taxonomic synonym of I. sintenisii) at the French National Museum of Natural History (P). A neotype is designated and an image provided for the name I. balkana (a taxonomic synonym of I. reichenbachii) deposited at the Hungarian Natural History Museum (BP). The lectotype for I. cretensis (a taxonomic synonym of I. unguicularis) from JE is corrected. Images of plants of the accepted taxa are provided

Typification of names and nomenclatural notes on juno irises (Iridaceae) from Western Asia, Western Europe, and North Africa.

Some juno irises that have been described from Western Asia, Western Europe, and North Africa are in need of typification. Twenty eight names of juno irises (22 species, 5 varieties, and 1 form) are here typified, or nomenclatural remarks are provided. In the western portion of the species range, juno irises are represented mainly by Iris aucheri, I. caucasica, I. persica, and I. planifolia. Most of the original material was collected from Turkey, Caucasus, Syria, and Algeria. Lectotypes are designated here for 16 names, and the lectotype of I. stenophylla is corrected here. The holotypes for the names I. nusairiensis and I. postii are indicated; neotypes for the names I. atropatana, I. bolleana, I. issica, I. persica var. magna, I. persica var. mardinensis, I. tauri and I. transtagana are designated. Three new combinations I. aucheri var. fumosa, I. caucasica var. atropatana, and I. planifolia subsp. palaestina, are proposed. Five names at the species rank are for the first time reduced to synonyms (indicated in parentheses): Colchicum falcifolium (= Iris caucasica), I. nusairiensis (= I. aucheri var. fumosa), I. pseudocaucasica (= I. caucasica f. coerulescens), I. schischkinii (= I. caucasica var. multiflora), and I. sindjarensis (= I. aucheri var. fumosa). The ambiguity about authorship of the names I. caucasica, I. galatica, and I. palaestina is also resolved

Method for expert choise of industrial automation digital components on the basis of Markov’s model

Expert evaluation and reasonable selection of digital components in the microelectronic market is a complex and responsible task. For its solution, the known methods of carrying out expert estimations do not fit fully in connection with the laboriousness of the results processing. The development of an expert choice method for digital components that allows you to quickly obtain a generalized collective expert evaluation (CEE), evaluate the consistency of expert opinions and make informed decisions is a quite actually. The goal of the study is to develop a method for forming a voucher for the selection of digital components of industrial automation systems based on the Markov chain and its verification in the real practical situation. A method is proposed for CEE forming for complex components of automation systems based on the Markov model. When aggregating expert preferences, each alternative is represented as a state of the Markov chain. Next, for the vertices of a Markov graph, the Copeland number is calculated, equal to the difference between the number of arcs entering and leaving the vertex. In collective ranking, alternatives are arranged in descending Copeland numbers. The developed method has a high speed in comparison with the known analogs. The correctness of the proposed method, its efficiency and speed has been confirmed by real expertise and in the process of computer modeling. The executed researches showed that the developed method for the collective expert evaluation forming works 80-200 times faster than the method based on the median Kemeni. The practical significance of the proposed method has been demonstrated on the real expertise carried out at the enterprise «Krioprom» (Odessa, Ukraine) when purchasing a batch of programmable logic microcontrollers within the large-scale project framework for cleaning units automation of industrial air-separation plants

Taxonomic notes on Xiphion collinum (Iridaceae)

Boltenkov, Eugeny V., Guacchio, Emanuele Del (2022): Taxonomic notes on Xiphion collinum (Iridaceae). Phytotaxa 576 (1): 113-122, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PD