Aplicação de DNA Barcoding em espécies vegetais arbóreas da floresta ombrófila mista

Resum

Prevalência e perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos de microrganismos isolados de secreções de pele em um hospital escola

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to evaluate the prevalence and resistance profile of microorganisms isolated from skin and soft tissue secretions. This type of study, as far as we know, was the first carried out in this hospital with a period of four years and a large number of samples. METHODS: A retrospective observational study of cultures of skin infections collected in a tertiary teaching hospital was carried out from January 2014 to December 2017. The tests for identification of the microorganisms and sensitivity profile were carried out using systems conventional and automated systems (Vitek® 2 - bioMérieux). RESULTS: During the period of this study, 675 samples were positive, being Staphylococcus aureus (118; 17.48%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (106; 15.70%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (65; 9,63%) and Escherichia coli (60%) were positive in the study period (60; 8.89%) the predominant microorganisms. Regarding Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 53.77% of the strains had resistance to imipenem and 44.34% to meropenem. Therapeutic options for the treatment of infections caused by this microorganism are limited. CONCLUSION: The epidemiological profile of the agents involved is similar to that reported in the international literature, which differentiates the sensitivity profile. A fact that needs monitoring is that Pseudomonas aeruginosa occupied the second place in the etiology and presented significant resistance against the carbapenems.OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência e perfil de resistência dos microrganismos isolados de secreções de pele e tecidos moles. Este tipo de estudo, pelo que é de nosso conhecimento, foi o primeiro realizado neste hospital com período de quatro anos e elevado número de amostras. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo observacional retrospectivo de culturas de infecções de pele coletadas em hospital escola terciário, no período de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2017. Os testes de identificação dos microrganismos e perfil de sensibilidade foram efetuados por meio de sistemas convencionais e automatizados (Vitek® 2 – bioMérieux). RESULTADOS: No período deste estudo, 675 amostras resultaram positivas, sendo Staphylococcus aureus (118; 17,48%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (106; 15,70%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (65; 9,63%) e Escherichia coli (60; 8,89%) os microrganismos predominantes. Em relação à Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 53,77% das cepas apresentaram resistência ao imipenem e 44,34% ao meropenem. As opções terapêuticas para o tratamento das infecções causadas por esse microrganismo são limitadas. CONCLUSÕES: O perfil epidemiológico dos agentes envolvidos é similar ao citado na literatura internacional, o que diferencia é o perfil de sensibilidade. Fato que necessita monitoramento é que Pseudomonas aeruginosa ocupou o segundo lugar na etiologia e apresentou significativa resistência frente aos carbapenêmicos

ITS and trnH-psbA as Efficient DNA Barcodes to Identify Threatened Commercial Woody Angiosperms from Southern Brazilian Atlantic Rainforests.

The Araucaria Forests in southern Brazil are part of the Atlantic Rainforest, a key hotspot for global biodiversity. This habitat has experienced extensive losses of vegetation cover due to commercial logging and the intense use of wood resources for construction and furniture manufacturing. The absence of precise taxonomic tools for identifying Araucaria Forest tree species motivated us to test the ability of DNA barcoding to distinguish species exploited for wood resources and its suitability for use as an alternative testing technique for the inspection of illegal timber shipments. We tested three cpDNA regions (matK, trnH-psbA, and rbcL) and nrITS according to criteria determined by The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL). The efficiency of each marker and selected marker combinations were evaluated for 30 commercially valuable woody species in multiple populations, with a special focus on Lauraceae species. Inter- and intraspecific distances, species discrimination rates, and ability to recover species-specific clusters were evaluated. Among the regions and different combinations, ITS was the most efficient for identifying species based on the 'best close match' test; similarly, the trnH-psbA + ITS combination also demonstrated satisfactory results. When combining trnH-psbA + ITS, Maximum Likelihood analysis demonstrated a more resolved topology for internal branches, with 91% of species-specific clusters. DNA barcoding was found to be a practical and rapid method for identifying major threatened woody angiosperms from Araucaria Forests such as Lauraceae species, presenting a high confidence for recognizing members of Ocotea. These molecular tools can assist in screening those botanical families that are most targeted by the timber industry in southern Brazil and detecting certain species protected by Brazilian legislation and could be a useful tool for monitoring wood exploitation

Sample sizes, success rates of amplification and sequencing, and the molecular characteristics of the four markers evaluated for woody species from MOF.

<p>*excluding those with gaps/missing data.</p><p>Sample sizes, success rates of amplification and sequencing, and the molecular characteristics of the four markers evaluated for woody species from MOF.</p

Percentage of species-specific clusters using different tree-based methods (NJ, MP, and ML) with ≥70% bootstrap support for single DNA regions and different combinations.

<p>Percentage of species-specific clusters using different tree-based methods (NJ, MP, and ML) with ≥70% bootstrap support for single DNA regions and different combinations.</p

Histograms of the frequencies (<i>y</i>-axes) of pairwise intraspecific (black bars) and interspecific (white bars) divergences based on the p-distance (<i>x</i>-axes) for individual and combined ITS, <i>trnH-psbA</i>, <i>matK</i> and <i>rbcL</i> markers.

<p>Histograms of the frequencies (<i>y</i>-axes) of pairwise intraspecific (black bars) and interspecific (white bars) divergences based on the p-distance (<i>x</i>-axes) for individual and combined ITS, <i>trnH-psbA</i>, <i>matK</i> and <i>rbcL</i> markers.</p

Cladogram for <i>trnH-psbA +</i> ITS generated by Maximum Likelihood.

<p>The bootstrap values ≥70% are shown under the branches. The species name is followed by the accession number of the specimen.</p

Success of species identification based on individual and combined analyses of ITS, <i>trnH-psbA</i>, <i>matK</i> and <i>rbcL</i> markers using the taxondna program and the ‘best close match’ method.

<p>Success of species identification based on individual and combined analyses of ITS, <i>trnH-psbA</i>, <i>matK</i> and <i>rbcL</i> markers using the taxondna program and the ‘best close match’ method.</p

First record of the genus Tropidia Lindl. (Orchidaceae) for Brazil

ABSTRACT The genus Tropidia is composed of ca. 20-30 species distributed in southern Asia, South Pacific islands and northern Australia, and a single species occurring in America, from United States to Ecuador. The first record of the genus Tropidia for Brazil is presented here. It consists of Tropidia polystachya, a species found in the Cerrado biome, Midwestern Brazil. Description, illustration, photos, and distribution map of the species are provided. Additionally, the leaf anatomy of the species was studied and it is very similar to the leaves of other species of Tropidieae described so far. DNA sequences of T. polystachya are presented (plastid matK and rbcL and nuclear ITS) in order to assist future phylogenetic studies with the genus