Current State of Ixodidae Research in Mongolia

Our research presents the Ixodidae-fauna in Mongolia. The current taxonomic state in Mongolia shows 19 Ixodidae taxa extracted in 308 locations from 115 bird and mammal species. In 1980, the species Ixodes persulcatus SCHULZE, 1930 and Ixodes berlesei Birula, 1895 were detected in Inget Tolgoi and Ixodes laguri OLENEV, 1929 on Meriones unguiculatus 10 km southeast of Ulaanbaatar for the first time. In 2000 the species Haemaphysalis concinna Koch, 1844 was detected in the Selenge-river area and Argas (Argas) vulgaris FILIPPOVA, 1961 was detected in the Gobi area. From the collection of M. and A. STUBBE 1 N (Nymphae) Ixodes persulcatus was detected on Microtus sp. at the Minž-gol (river in Khentey) on July 25, 2002

Describing Ecological Potential and Ecological States of Rangeland to Support Livestock Management in Mongolia

Perception of rangeland degradation in Mongolia and its causes are well known but herders and policy makers lack clear messages on how much rangeland is degraded, whether is it reversible, and what management changes should be implemented. This paper illustrates a portion of our ongoing efforts to develop ESDs that can be used at the grass roots level as management tools. At the Undurshireet soum study site, which is split mainly into Gravelly, Loamy, Sandy, and Deep sandy ecological sites, rangeland community shifts in Gravelly and Loamy ecological sites are interpreted as reversible shifts in species composition or species proportion within the states, indicating that a change to grazing management may be effective for restoration of desired conditions. Sandy and Deep sandy ecological sites in this area are at high risk of erosion and may be more difficult to restore

Impaired Mitochondrial Fat Oxidation Induces FGF21 in Muscle

SummaryFatty acids are the primary fuel source for skeletal muscle during most of our daily activities, and impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is associated with insulin resistance. We have developed a mouse model of impaired FAO by deleting carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1b specifically in skeletal muscle (Cpt1bm−/−). Cpt1bm−/− mice have increased glucose utilization and are resistant to diet-induced obesity. Here, we show that inhibition of mitochondrial FAO induces FGF21 expression specifically in skeletal muscle. The induction of FGF21 in Cpt1b-deficient muscle is dependent on AMPK and Akt1 signaling but independent of the stress signaling pathways. FGF21 appears to act in a paracrine manner to increase glucose uptake under low insulin conditions, but it does not contribute to the resistance to diet-induced obesity

Current State of Ixodidae Research in Mongolia

Our research presents the Ixodidae-fauna in Mongolia. The current taxonomic state in Mongolia shows 19 Ixodidae taxa extracted in 308 locations from 115 bird and mammal species. In 1980, the species Ixodes persulcatus SCHULZE, 1930 and Ixodes berlesei Birula, 1895 were detected in Inget Tolgoi and Ixodes laguri OLENEV, 1929 on Meriones unguiculatus 10 km southeast of Ulaanbaatar for the first time. In 2000 the species Haemaphysalis concinna Koch, 1844 was detected in the Selenge-river area and Argas (Argas) vulgaris FILIPPOVA, 1961 was detected in the Gobi area. From the collection of M. and A. STUBBE 1 N (Nymphae) Ixodes persulcatus was detected on Microtus sp. at the Minž-gol (river in Khentey) on July 25, 2002

Impaired mitochondrial fat oxidation induces adaptive remodeling of muscle metabolism

© 2015, National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The correlations between intramyocellular lipid (IMCL), decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and insulin resistance have led to the hypothesis that impaired FAO causes accumulation of lipotoxic intermediates that inhibit muscle insulin signaling. Using a skeletal muscle-specific carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 KO model, we show that prolonged and severe mitochondrial FAO inhibition results in increased carbohydrate utilization, along with reduced physical activity; increased circulating nonesterified fatty acids; and increased IMCLs, diacylglycerols, and ceramides. Perhaps more importantly, inhibition of mitochondrial FAO also initiates a local, adaptive response in muscle that invokes mitochondrial biogenesis, compensatory peroxisomal fat oxidation, and amino acid catabolism. Loss of its major fuel source (lipid) induces an energy deprivation response in muscle coordinated by signaling through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) to maintain energy supply for locomotion and survival. At the whole-body level, these adaptations result in resistance to obesity

Каталитические свойства и устойчивость порошковых сплавов никель–олово в процессе электрохимического выделения водорода из раствора щелочи

Ni–Sn powder alloys with a nickel content from 24.4 to 78.5 at.% and from 30.6 to 55.1 at.%, respectively, were synthesized chemically and electrochemically for the use as catalysts for the hydrogen electrochemical reduction (HER) in alkali solution. It was established that the catalytically active surface area of chemically synthesized powders was larger in comparison with electrochemically obtained ones. Ni24.4Sn75.6 powder alloy has the largest surface area. It was found that catalytic properties of chemically synthesized powders increased in the row Ni24.4Sn75.6 < Ni78.5Sn21.5 < Ni. Electrochem ically obtained alloys are inefficient as HER catalysts. It was found that Ni24.4Sn75.6 alloy is characterized by the greater re tention of catalytically active surface area during exploitation in alkali solution in comparison with Ni and Ni78.5Sn21.5 alloy. Химически и электрохимически синтезированы порошковые сплавы Ni–Sn с содержанием никеля соответственно от 24,4 до 78,5 ат.% и от 30,6 до 55,1 ат.% для применения в качестве катализаторов электрохимического восстановления водорода в растворе щелочи. Установлено, что каталитически активная площадь поверхности химически синтезированных порошков больше в сравнении с электрохимически полученными, максимальной площадью характеризуется сплав Ni24,4Sn75,6. Выявлено, что для химически синтезированных порошков каталитические свойства, оцененные по значению потенциала, при котором достигается плотность тока 10 мА/см2, возрастают в ряду Ni24,4Sn75,6 < Ni78,5Sn21,5 < Ni; электрохимически полученные сплавы являются неэффективными катализаторами. Установлено, что сплав Ni24,4Sn75,6 характеризуется большей сохранностью каталитически активной площади поверхности в процессе эксплуатации в сравнении с никелем и сплавом Ni78,5Sn21,5

La Tomografia sismica in velocità, attenuazione e scattering e l'immagine della struttura dei vulcani.

a) A brief review of the results from travel time tomography at Mt. Vesuvius ed at Campi Flegrei. b) New approaches: (passive) attenuation and scattering tomography. c) Results obtained (passive attenuation and scattering) at Mt. Vesuvio and Campi Flegre