45 research outputs found

    Author Correction:A consensus protocol for functional connectivity analysis in the rat brain

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    Mesures morphologiques du cartilage par IRM HR in vivo (validation et développements méthodologiques sur le petit animal)

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    Nous avons mis en place un protocole IRM de mesure de l Ă©paisseur du cartilage Ă  champ magnĂ©tique Ă©levĂ© (7T) adaptĂ© au petit animal. Cette mĂ©thode a Ă©tĂ© validĂ©e /in vivo/ chez le cobaye mĂ©niscectomisĂ© en comparant les rĂ©sultats IRM avec les donnĂ©es histomorphomĂ©triques. Une bonne reproductibilitĂ© a Ă©tĂ© trouvĂ©e avec une corrĂ©lation significative entre les deux mĂ©thodes. Le suivi longitudinal, rĂ©alisĂ© sur 4 mois et demi et utilisant le mĂȘme protocole de mesure, a montrĂ© une diffĂ©rence significative entre les deux groupes (SHAM et MNX) Ă  partir de J90, diffĂ©rence confirmĂ©e par l histomorphomĂ©trie. Des dĂ©veloppements instrumentaux importants, comme le capteur rĂ©seau dĂ©veloppĂ©, ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©s pour l Ă©tude IRM morphologique et volumique d un modĂšle d arthrose expĂ©rimentale chez le rat, ce qui devrait permettre de dĂ©finir les conditions expĂ©rimentales les plus propices Ă  l Ă©valuation prĂ©clinique /in vivo/ des mĂ©dicaments de l arthrose dans un modĂšle validĂ© chez le petit animalLYON1-BU.Sciences (692662101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Selective serotonin 5-HT1A receptor biased agonists elicit distinct brain activation patterns: a pharmacoMRI study

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    International audienceSerotonin 1A (5-HT 1A) receptors are involved in several physiological and pathological processes and constitute therefore an important therapeutic target. The recent pharmacological concept of biased agonism asserts that highly selective agonists can preferentially direct receptor signaling to specific intracellular responses, opening the possibility of drugs targeting a receptor subtype in specific brain regions. The present study brings additional support to this concept thanks to functional magnetic resonance imaging (7 Tesla-fMRI) in anaesthetized rats. Three 5-HT 1A receptor agonists (8-OH-DPAT, F13714 and F15599) and one 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist (MPPF) were compared in terms of influence on the brain blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal. Our study revealed for the first time contrasting BOLD signal patterns of biased agonists in comparison to a classical agonist and a silent antagonist. By providing functional information on the influence of pharmacological activation of 5-HT 1A receptors in specific brain regions, this neuroimaging approach, translatable to the clinic, promises to be useful in exploring the new concept of biased agonism in neuropsychopharmacology. 5-HT 1A receptors belong to the family of serotonin receptors, composed of 13 receptor subtypes. 5-HT 1A receptors are known to play a key role in serotonin neurotransmission due to their localization both as pre-synaptic receptors located on serotonin cell bodies in the raphe nuclei (somatodendritic receptors) and as post-synaptic heteroreceptors in forebrain areas that receive serotonergic projections. In such areas, 5-HT 1A receptors are located on pyramidal and GABAergic neurons of the neocortex and limbic system 1,2. Because of their distribution pattern and of their central role in the modulation of the serotoninergic neurotransmission, 5-HT 1A receptors are involved in several physiological and pathological processes and constitute therefore an important therapeutic target for psychiatric 3 and, more recently, for neurological disorders 4. Indeed, it is now well establish that 5-HT 1A receptors are one of the main targets for the treatment of mood disorders 5 , with different actions that depend strongly on their localization. For example, activation of soma-todendritic receptors by serotonin or 5-HT 1A receptor agonists decreases the firing of serotonin neurons in the raphe, and, consequently decreases its terminal release 6. This decrease is thought to be partially responsible for the delay in onset of the therapeutic action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) antidepressants 5. A recent study renewed this concept, showing that expression levels of 5-HT 1A somatodendritic receptors, are critically important for SSRI treatment response by controlling serotoninergic tone 7. On the other hand, the activation of postsynaptic 5-HT 1A receptors seems to be equally important for response to antidepressants 5,8. In a different therapeutic area, 5-HT 1A receptor agonism is also known as an important feature of some atypical antipsychotics including clozapine, aripiprazole, ziprasidone and quetiapine 9–12. Recently, 5-HT 1A receptors have attracted renewed interest as possible targets in neuropharmacology. For example, it was described that blockade of post-synaptic 5-HT 1A receptors, located on pyramidal cells, can improve cognition by enhancing glutamatergic transmission 13. This led to clinical trials using the 5-HT 1A antagonist lecozotan as a procognitive drug in Alzheimer's disease 14,15. Other 5-HT 1A receptor ligands such as sarizotan, buspirone and tandospirone were shown to alleviate dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease patients 16,17. More recently

    3D-printed dual holder system for simultaneous rat PET scanning: design and influence on quantification

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    Abstract Background The low throughout of small animal positron emission tomography (PET) images acquisitions represents a substantial limitation. The aims of this study were (i) to design a low-cost support for simultaneous dynamic PET scanning of two lying rats and (ii) to study its impact on brain image quantification. Results Accuracy of concentration measurement was 5.5% for one phantom in the field of view, and 5.7% for two phantoms measured simultaneously. Ratio concentration between phantoms showed an error of 6.7% ± 5.1% for Solo upper position, 6.7% ± 3.7% for Solo lower position, 5.9% ± 4.3% for Duo upper position, and 7.4% ± 6% for Duo lower position 6.7% for separated measures, and 6.6% for simultaneous measures. In vivo distribution profiles showed no difference between solo and duo uptakes. Region of Interest quantification in the whole brain showed 4.4% variability solo and 3.5% duo. The quantified test–retest bias was 8% in solo and 5% in duo, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was comparable in solo and duo (0.969 vs. 0.966). Conclusions Our results showed that simultaneous scans of two rats in INVEON do not affect quantification. The dual support system will allow us to reduce protocol costs and duration

    Plate-forme d’imagerie prĂ©clinique AnimAge du CERMEP

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    National audienceLe CERMEP (Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Multimodal Et Pluridisciplinaire) est un centre d'imagerie in vivomultimodale dĂ©diĂ© Ă  la recherche biomĂ©dicale fondamentale et clinique. A ce titre, le CERMEP fait partie du Noeud Lyonnais de l’infrastructure nationale France Life Imaging (FLI).La plate-forme d’imagerie prĂ©clinique ANIMAGE est un dĂ©partement du CERMEP qui a pour objectif de proposer aux chercheurs acadĂ©miques ou industriels des mĂ©thodes d’imagerie in vivo pour l’exploration anatomique, molĂ©culaire et fonctionnelle du petit animal de laboratoire.En termes d’équipement d’imagerie, ANIMAGE dispose d’une IRM BRUKER BioSpec 7T, d’une camĂ©ra TEP/TDM SIEMENS Inveon, d’un scanner SKYSCAN-1076 aux rayons X et d’un Ă©chographe VISUALSONICS Vevo 770. Une vingtaine de radiotraceurs TEP sont accessibles grĂące Ă  la proximitĂ© du dĂ©partement de radiochimie et radiopharmacie du CERMEP. Des explorations autoradiographiques in vitro de ces radiotraceurs sont Ă©galement possibles sur le site. Tous les imageurs sont Ă©quipĂ©s d’anesthĂ©sie gazeuse, d’un poste de contrĂŽle et de suivi physiologique qui servent d’outils de monitoring des animaux tout au long des expĂ©rimentations, ponctuelles ou longitudinales. Une salle de salle de chirurgie est mise Ă  la disposition des expĂ©rimentateurs, Ă  proximitĂ© immĂ©diate des imageurs. EquipĂ©e de deux paillasses, disposant de postes d'anesthĂ©sie gazeuse, microscopes, etc., elle permet la prĂ©paration des modĂšles animaux ou des journĂ©es de formations. Une animalerie conventionnelle (type A1 avec un niveau de confinement L2) permet d'hĂ©berger les animaux pendant la durĂ©e du protocole d'imagerie. Ces locaux sont agrĂ©Ă©s par les services vĂ©tĂ©rinaires pour cinq espĂšces animales (porcs, lapins, chats, rats, souris). La structure « Bien-Etre Animal » interne au CERMEP accompagne les investigateurs dans leur demande d’autorisation de projet utilisant des animaux Ă  des fins scientifiques (APAFIS – ComitĂ© d’éthique). L’essentiel des applications visĂ©es aujourd’hui se situe dans le domaine des neurosciences mais la plateforme est ouverte Ă  d’autres thĂ©matiques (oncologie, cardiologie, mĂ©tabolisme, etc.).Les membres d’ANIMAGE accompagnent les Ă©quipes de recherche tout au long du protocole de recherche, selon leurs besoins :- dĂ©finition de la question biologique/physiopathologique/pharmacologique Ă  laquelle pourra rĂ©pondre l’imagerie,- adĂ©quation de la modalitĂ© d’imagerie et du modĂšle expĂ©rimental,- organisation du protocole expĂ©rimental,- prĂ©paration du modĂšle animal,- acquisition des images in vivo,- analyse des images et aide Ă  la valorisation scientifique (rapport, article...)

    Transient microstructural brain anomalies and epileptiform discharges in mice defective for epilepsy and language-related NMDA receptor subunit gene Grin2a

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    International audienceObjective: The epilepsy-aphasia spectrum (EAS) is a heterogeneous group of age-dependent childhood disorders characterized by sleep-activated discharges associated with infrequent seizures and language, cognitive, and behavioral deficits. Defects in the GRIN2A gene, encoding a subunit of glutamate-gated N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, represent the most important cause of EAS identified so far. Neocortical or thalamic lesions were detected in a subset of severe EAS disorders, and more subtle anomalies were reported in patients with so-called "benign" phenotypes. However, whether brain structural alterations exist in the context of GRIN2A defects is unknown. Methods: Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI) was used to perform longitudinal analysis of the brain at 3 developmental timepoints in living mice genetically knocked out (KO) for Grin2a. In addition, electroencephalogra-phy (EEG) was recorded using multisite extracellular electrodes to characterize the neocortical activity in vivo. Results: Microstructural alterations were detected in the neocortex, the corpus callosum, the hippocampus, and the thalamus of Grin2a KO mice. Most MR-DTI alterations were detected at a specific developmental stage when mice were aged 30 days, but not at earlier (15 days) or later (2 months) ages. EEG analysis detected epileptiform discharges in Grin2a KO mice in the third postnatal week. Significance: Grin2a KO mice replicated several anomalies found in patients with EAS disorders. Transient structural alterations detected by MR-DTI recalled the age-dependent course of EAS disorders, which in humans start during childhood and show variable outcome at the onset of adolescence. Together with the epileptiform discharges detected in young Grin2a KO mice, our data suggested the existence of early anomalies in the maturation of the neocortical and thalamocortical systems. Whereas the possible relationship of those anomalies with sleep warrants further investigations, our data suggest that Grin2a KO mice may serve as an animal model to study the neu-ronal mechanisms of EAS disorders and to design new therapeutic strategies. K E Y W O R D S brain structure, EEG, epilepsy-aphasia, mouse model, MR-DTI Salmi and Bolbos contributed equally to the study

    Plate-forme d’imagerie prĂ©clinique AnimAge du CERMEP

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    National audienceLe CERMEP (Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Multimodal Et Pluridisciplinaire) est un centre d'imagerie in vivomultimodale dĂ©diĂ© Ă  la recherche biomĂ©dicale fondamentale et clinique. A ce titre, le CERMEP fait partie du Noeud Lyonnais de l’infrastructure nationale France Life Imaging (FLI).La plate-forme d’imagerie prĂ©clinique ANIMAGE est un dĂ©partement du CERMEP qui a pour objectif de proposer aux chercheurs acadĂ©miques ou industriels des mĂ©thodes d’imagerie in vivo pour l’exploration anatomique, molĂ©culaire et fonctionnelle du petit animal de laboratoire.En termes d’équipement d’imagerie, ANIMAGE dispose d’une IRM BRUKER BioSpec 7T, d’une camĂ©ra TEP/TDM SIEMENS Inveon, d’un scanner SKYSCAN-1076 aux rayons X et d’un Ă©chographe VISUALSONICS Vevo 770. Une vingtaine de radiotraceurs TEP sont accessibles grĂące Ă  la proximitĂ© du dĂ©partement de radiochimie et radiopharmacie du CERMEP. Des explorations autoradiographiques in vitro de ces radiotraceurs sont Ă©galement possibles sur le site. Tous les imageurs sont Ă©quipĂ©s d’anesthĂ©sie gazeuse, d’un poste de contrĂŽle et de suivi physiologique qui servent d’outils de monitoring des animaux tout au long des expĂ©rimentations, ponctuelles ou longitudinales. Une salle de salle de chirurgie est mise Ă  la disposition des expĂ©rimentateurs, Ă  proximitĂ© immĂ©diate des imageurs. EquipĂ©e de deux paillasses, disposant de postes d'anesthĂ©sie gazeuse, microscopes, etc., elle permet la prĂ©paration des modĂšles animaux ou des journĂ©es de formations. Une animalerie conventionnelle (type A1 avec un niveau de confinement L2) permet d'hĂ©berger les animaux pendant la durĂ©e du protocole d'imagerie. Ces locaux sont agrĂ©Ă©s par les services vĂ©tĂ©rinaires pour cinq espĂšces animales (porcs, lapins, chats, rats, souris). La structure « Bien-Etre Animal » interne au CERMEP accompagne les investigateurs dans leur demande d’autorisation de projet utilisant des animaux Ă  des fins scientifiques (APAFIS – ComitĂ© d’éthique). L’essentiel des applications visĂ©es aujourd’hui se situe dans le domaine des neurosciences mais la plateforme est ouverte Ă  d’autres thĂ©matiques (oncologie, cardiologie, mĂ©tabolisme, etc.).Les membres d’ANIMAGE accompagnent les Ă©quipes de recherche tout au long du protocole de recherche, selon leurs besoins :- dĂ©finition de la question biologique/physiopathologique/pharmacologique Ă  laquelle pourra rĂ©pondre l’imagerie,- adĂ©quation de la modalitĂ© d’imagerie et du modĂšle expĂ©rimental,- organisation du protocole expĂ©rimental,- prĂ©paration du modĂšle animal,- acquisition des images in vivo,- analyse des images et aide Ă  la valorisation scientifique (rapport, article...)

    Mechanism of disease in early osteoarthritis: application of modern MR imaging techniques — a technical report

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    The application of biomolecular magnetic resonance imaging becomes increasingly important in the context of early cartilage changes in degenerative and inflammatory joint disease before gross morphological changes become apparent. In this limited technical report, we investigate the correlation of MRI T1, T2 and T1ρ relaxation times with quantitative biochemical measurements of proteoglycan and collagen contents of cartilage in close synopsis with histologic morphology. A recently developed MRI sequence, T1ρ, was able to detect early intracartilaginous degeneration quantitatively and also qualitatively by color mapping demonstrating a higher sensitivity than standard T2-weighted sequences. The results correlated highly with reduced proteoglycan content and disrupted collagen architecture as measured by biochemistry and histology. The findings lend support to a clinical implementation that allows rapid visual capturing of pathology on a local, millimeter level. Further information about articular cartilage quality otherwise not detectable in vivo, via normal inspection, is needed for orthopedic treatment decisions in the present and future

    Unprecedented Relaxivity Gap in pH‐Responsive Fe III ‐Based MRI Probes

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    International audienceTwo mononuclear ferric complexes are reported that respond to a pH change with a 27‐ and 71‐fold jump, respectively, in their capacity to accelerate the longitudinal relaxation rate of water‐hydrogen nuclei, and this starting from a negligible base value of only 0.06. This unprecedented performance bodes well for tackling the sensitivity issues hampering the development of Molecular MRI. The two chelates also excel in the fully reversible and fatigue‐less nature of this phenomenon. The structural reasons for this performance reside in the macrocyclic nature of the hexa‐dentate ligand, as well as the presence of a single pendant arm displaying a five‐membered lactam or carbamate which show (perturbed) p K a values of 3.5 in the context of this N6 N5O1 coordination motif
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