Efecto hipoglicemiante de la canela cinnamomun verum j.Presl en ratas inducidas a hiperglicemia con estreptozocina

La canela Cinnamomun verum J.Presl es un árbol de hoja perenne proveniente de Sri Lanka. Se le han atribuido diversas propiedades, siendo una de ellas la reducción del nivel de glucosa, por ello el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto hipoglicemiante de la canela Cinnamomun verum J.Presl que crece en el distrito de Huyro (Pro- vincia de la Convención, Cusco-Perú) a una altitud de 1524 msnm. Se colectó canela (hojas, fruto y tallo), se realizó su clasificación taxonómica y con las muestras colectadas se realizó el extracto acuoso que fue empleado para reali- zar el tamizaje fitoquímico, análisis bromatológico y para evaluar la actividad hipoglicemiante (en concentraciones 60 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg y 150 mg/kg) en ratas inducidas a hiperglicemia con estreptozocina. Se observó una disminución significativa del nivel de glucosa en sangre en las ratas tratadas con el extracto acuoso de canela

Efecto hipoglicemiante de la canela cinnamomun verum j.Presl en ratas inducidas a hiperglicemia con estreptozocina

ABSTRACT The cinnamon Cinnamomun verum J.Presl is an evergreen tree from Sri Lanka. Various properties have been attributed to it, one of them being the reduction of the glucose level, therefore the objective of this work was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of cinnamon Cinnamomun verum J.Presl, which grows in the Huyro district (Convention Province, Cusco-Peru) at an altitude of 1524 masl. Cinnamon was collected (leaves, fruit and stem), its taxonomic classification was carried out and with the collected samples the aqueous extract was used that was used to perform the phytochemical screening, bromatological analysis and to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity (in concentrations 60 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) in rats induced by hyperglycemia with streptozocin. A significant decrease in blood glucose level was observed in rats treated with the aqueous cinnamon extract.La canela Cinnamomun verum J.Presl es un árbol de hoja perenne proveniente de Sri Lanka. Se le han atribuido diversas propiedades, siendo una de ellas la reducción del nivel de glucosa, por ello el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto hipoglicemiante de la canela Cinnamomun verum J.Presl que crece en el distrito de Huyro (Provincia de la Convención, Cusco-Perú) a una altitud de 1524 msnm. Se colectó canela (hojas, fruto y tallo), se realizó su clasificación taxonómica y con las muestras colectadas se realizó el extracto acuoso que fue empleado para realizar el tamizaje fitoquímico, análisis bromatológico y para evaluar la actividad hipoglicemiante (en concentraciones 60 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg y 150 mg/kg) en ratas inducidas a hiperglicemia con estreptozocina. Se observó una disminución significativa del nivel de glucosa en sangre en las ratas tratadas con el extracto acuoso de canela

Phenytoin concentration in people with epilepsy: a comparative study in serum and saliva

In clinical practice, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) makes it possible to measure the concentration of drugs in serum or saliva, the purpose of which is to reduce adverse effects and optimize pharmacological therapy. The objective was to determine the concentrations of Phenytoin in saliva and serum of people with epilepsy. Cross-sectional, descriptive study with dynamic recruitment of 30 people with epilepsy (n = 30; 17 men, 56.7% and 13 women, 43.3%; mean age 33.9 ± 11.83 years). Serum and saliva samples were collected at trough levels from patients, who were under phenytoin treatment for at least three months. Drug levels were assessed by the Cloned Donor Enzyme Immunoassay method. Phenytoin levels were found in saliva between 0.01 to 3.56 mg/L and in serum between 0.09 to 36.60 mg/L. Pearson’s analysis showed an association between the estimated serum and saliva phenytoin concentrations (R2 0.7026; 95% CI 0.685-0.921), with a significant statistical correlation (p < 0.05). The Bland-Altman test broke concordance, the difference between the two saliva/serum methods is within 95% confidence. It is concluded that there is an association and concordance between the concentrations of phenytoin in serum and saliva, therefore, this technique can be useful in the clinical monitoring of phenytoin

In vitro antioxidant and in vivo hypoglycemic activity of biophenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids from Vitis vinifera L. muscat and quebranta seeds from the Valley of Ica-Peru

Currently, there is a greater interest in using natural products in various chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. However, these investigations have not considered the components of grape seeds. In this context, the current study explored the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hypoglycemic activity of biophenols and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from Vitis vinifera L. muscat and quebranta seeds from the Ica Valley, Peru. The total polyphenol content (TPC) of muscat (1.57±0.015 mg GAE/g) and quebranta (1.43±0.015 mg GAE/g) seeds was estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH• free radical assay for muscat and quebranta (IC50: 38.60±0.624 µg/mL and 42.83±0.306 µg/mL, respectively) and by FRAP 0.79±0.030 μg TEAC/g for muscat and 0.61±0.038 μg TEAC/g for quebranta. After inducing experimental hyperglycemia with alloxane in Rattus norvegicus strain Holtzman, treatment was carried out for 7 days and glucose levels were measured at 1, 2 and 4 hours. At a dose of 500 mg/kg, orally, of biophenols/PUFA from muscat and quebranta seeds, a hypoglycemic effect was observed; whose results were verified with the Shapiro-Wilk test (p-value > α = 0.05), Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (p-value 0.0001 α = 0.05 for 2 and 4 hours on day 7, indicates a small probability of difference; in ANOVA results the mean difference is significant (p-value 0.0001 < α 0.05). The Pearson analysis found a strong correlation [0.50 ≤ (0.9530–0.9827) < 1.0] between glibenclamide/biophenols-PUFA glucose levels. Current data show an in vitro antioxidant effect and hypoglycemic activity of the seeds of grapes of the muscat and quebranta varieties. Graphical abstrac

Pharmacogenetic variants of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 associated with adverse reactions induced by antiepileptic drugs used in Peru

Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder with a worldwide incidence of 20% and a treatment failure rate of 25–30%. The fluctuation in serum levels, efficacy and safety of antiepileptic drugs can be attributed to single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes encoding their respective proteins involved in drug metabolism. The present study attempted to evaluate the pharmacogenetic variants of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 associated with adverse reactions induced by antiepileptic drugs used in Peru. Few studies were found to significantly associate the CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, CYP2C19*2, and CYP2C19*3 single nucleotide polymorphisms with elevated serum levels of valproic acid and carbamazepine, and valproic acid induction of hyperammonemia, and adverse reactions cutaneous for carbamazepine. There is further evidence of a significant association of CYP2C9*2/CYP2C9*3 with severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and epidermal necrolysis (TEN) phenytoin-induced. CYP2C9*3 may be a pharmacogenetic biomarker for such a drug. It is proposed to reduce the dose of drugs for intermediate and poor metabolizers. No pharmacogenetic studies were found in patients with epilepsy in Peruvian populations. It is concluded that this review could help physicians in the prediction and prevention of adverse reactions induced by antiepileptic drugs, as well as to improve their pharmacotherapeutic results. It could also be used as scientific evidence to carry out pharmacogenetic and precision medicine studies in Peruvian patients with epilepsy, due to their tricontinental and Latin American ancestry

In vitro antioxidant and in vivo hypoglycemic activity of biophenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids from Vitis vinifera L. muscat and quebranta seeds from the Valley of Ica-Peru

Currently, there is a greater interest in using natural products in various chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. However, these investigations have not considered the components of grape seeds. In this context, the current study explored the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hypoglycemic activity of biophenols and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from Vitis vinifera L. muscat and quebranta seeds from the Ica Valley, Peru. The total polyphenol content (TPC) of muscat (1.57±0.015 mg GAE/g) and quebranta (1.43±0.015 mg GAE/g) seeds was estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH• free radical assay for muscat and quebranta (IC50: 38.60±0.624 µg/mL and 42.83±0.306 µg/mL, respectively) and by FRAP 0.79±0.030 μg TEAC/g for muscat and 0.61±0.038 μg TEAC/g for quebranta. After inducing experimental hyperglycemia with alloxane in Rattus norvegicus strain Holtzman, treatment was carried out for 7 days and glucose levels were measured at 1, 2 and 4 hours. At a dose of 500 mg/kg, orally, of biophenols/PUFA from muscat and quebranta seeds, a hypoglycemic effect was observed; whose results were verified with the Shapiro-Wilk test (p-value > α = 0.05), Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (p-value 0.0001 α = 0.05 for 2 and 4 hours on day 7, indicates a small probability of difference; in ANOVA results the mean difference is significant (p-value 0.0001 < α 0.05). The Pearson analysis found a strong correlation [0.50 ≤ (0.9530–0.9827) < 1.0] between glibenclamide/biophenols-PUFA glucose levels. Current data show an in vitro antioxidant effect and hypoglycemic activity of the seeds of grapes of the muscat and quebranta varieties. Graphical abstrac