Type studies and fourteen new North American species of Cortinarius section Anomali reveal high continental species diversity

Section is a species-rich group in North America belonging to , the most diverse genus in the Agaricales. This study is based on extensive morphological investigations and molecular methods using 191 nrDNA ITS sequence data and recovered 43 phylogenetic species from which 14 are described here as new to science. We sequenced ten type materials which belonged to eight species. The synonymy of with and with is proposed here. The North American occurrence of four species ( , , , and ), so far known only from Europe, was confirmed. Thirteen species were not formally described here due to lack of relevant information. An identification key to the known species in North America is provided

Amanita augusta, a new species from California and the Pacific Northwest

Amanita augusta, formerly known under the misapplied European name A. franchetii, is described as a new species from California and the Pacific Northwest. Here we discuss the phylogeny of A. augusta in the context of genus Amanita, subsection Validae, and also provide taxonomic and phylogenetic notes on A. franchetii s.s. and its varieties

Development of a Prolog Tracer by Stepwise Enhancement

A Prolog tracer is essentially a Prolog interpreter extended to provide features, such as retry, fail, leap, skip, and quasi-skip, to trace the computational flow of a program. This paper describes how a Prolog tracer may be built by stepwise enhancement. Using this method, first a collection of partial-tracers are developed, each partial-tracer providing only a part of the tracer's functionality. The partial-tracers are then composed to yield a single tracer with the composite functionality of the partial-tracers. Stepwise enhancement provides an alternative to stepwise refinement and iterative enhancement in scenarios where the "natural" subproblems do not correspond to distinct subprograms. This typically happens, as in the case of a Prolog tracer, when different subprograms require the same program flow due to the contraint that their computations be performed simultaneously. Stepwise enhancement eases the development and extension of a tracer, and also makes it customizable. A use..

Cortinarius sect. Riederi: taxonomy and phylogeny of the new section with European and North American distribution

Cortinarius is one of the most species-rich genera of mushroom-forming fungi. Based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence, Cortinarius, sect. Riederi, is introduced at sectional level (= subsect. Riederi sensu Brandrud & Melot). The taxonomy, phylogeny, ecology and distribution of not only mainly European but also including some NorthAmerican taxa of this section are treated, which includes nine species and two varieties. Of these, three taxa are described as new (C. burlinghamiae, C. pallidoriederi and C. argenteolilacinus var. dovrensis). The sect. Riederi species possess morphological features similar to Phlegmacium group(s) and forms a phylogenetically isolated lineage, with no supported affinity to other phlegmacioid groups. Three taxa are known from both Europe and North America, two species are known only from North America and five only from Europe. Altogether, eight of the ten taxa are associated with conifers or northern (boreal-subalpine) deciduous trees (Betula spp.). Only two species occur in more temperate forests (Fagus forests), and no species have so far been found in thermophilous Quercus forests Agaricales . Basidiomycota . Ecology . Morphology . nrDNA ITS . PhlegmacioidacceptedVersio

Fungal diversity notes 253–366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper, including 11 new genera, 89 new species, one new subspecies, three new combinations and seven reference specimens. A wide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed. In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora (Testudinaceae), Camporesia (Xylariaceae), Clematidis, Crassiparies (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Farasanispora, Longiostiolum (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Multilocularia (Parabambusicolaceae), Neophaeocryptopus (Dothideaceae), Parameliola (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), and Towyspora (Lentitheciaceae) are introduced. Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis, Aniptodera aquibella, Annulohypoxylon albidiscum, Astrocystis thailandica, Camporesia sambuci, Clematidis italica, Colletotrichum menispermi, C. quinquefoliae, Comoclathris pimpinellae, Crassiparies quadrisporus, Cytospora salicicola, Diatrype thailandica, Dothiorella rhamni, Durotheca macrostroma, Farasanispora avicenniae, Halorosellinia rhizophorae, Humicola koreana, Hypoxylon lilloi, Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae, Lindgomyces okinawaensis, Longiostiolum tectonae, Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum, Moelleriella phukhiaoensis, M. pongdueatensis, Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi, Multilocularia bambusae, Multiseptospora thysanolaenae, Neophaeocryptopus cytisi, Ocellularia arachchigei, O. ratnapurensis, Ochronectria thailandica, Ophiocordyceps karstii, Parameliola acaciae, P. dimocarpi, Parastagonospora cumpignensis, Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei, Polyplosphaeria thailandica, Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis, Psiloglonium macrosporum, Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus, Rosellinia chiangmaiensis, Saccothecium rubi, Seimatosporium pseudocornii, S. pseudorosae, Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari. New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis (sexual morph described and illustrated) and Pseudocamarosporium pini. Descriptions, illustrations and / or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea, Cryptovalsa ampelina, Dothiorella vidmadera, Ophiocordyceps formosana, Petrakia echinata, Phragmoporthe conformis and Pseudocamarosporium pini. The new species of Basidiomycota are Agaricus coccyginus, A. luteofibrillosus, Amanita atrobrunnea, A. digitosa, A. gleocystidiosa, A. pyriformis, A. strobilipes, Bondarzewia tibetica, Cortinarius albosericeus, C. badioflavidus, C. dentigratus, C. duboisensis, C. fragrantissimus, C. roseobasilis, C. vinaceobrunneus, C. vinaceogrisescens, C. wahkiacus, Cyanoboletus hymenoglutinosus, Fomitiporia atlantica, F. subtilissima, Ganoderma wuzhishanensis, Inonotus shoreicola, Lactifluus armeniacus, L. ramipilosus, Leccinum indoaurantiacum, Musumecia alpina, M. sardoa, Russula amethystina subp. tengii and R. wangii are introduced. Descriptions, illustrations, notes and / or reference specimens are designated for Clarkeinda trachodes, Dentocorticium ussuricum, Galzinia longibasidia, Lentinus stuppeus and Leptocorticium tenellum. The other new genera, species new combinations are Anaeromyces robustus, Neocallimastix californiae and Piromyces finnis from Neocallimastigomycota, Phytophthora estuarina, P. rhizophorae, Salispina, S. intermedia, S. lobata and S. spinosa from Oomycota, and Absidia stercoraria, Gongronella orasabula, Mortierella calciphila, Mucor caatinguensis, M. koreanus, M. merdicola and Rhizopus koreanus in Zygomycota.Fil: Li, Guo Jie. Institute Of Microbiology Chinese Academy Of Sciences; ChinaFil: Hyde, Kevin D.. Kunming Institute Of Botany Chinese Academy Of Sciences; ChinaFil: Zhao, Rui Lin. Institute Of Microbiology Chinese Academy Of Sciences; ChinaFil: Hongsanan, Sinang. Kunming Institute Of Botany Chinese Academy Of Sciences; China. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Abdel-Aziz, Faten Awad. Sohag University; EgiptoFil: Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed A.. Sohag University; Egipto. King Saud University; Arabia SauditaFil: Alvarado, Pablo. Alvalab; EspañaFil: Alves Silva, Genivaldo. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Ammirati, Joseph F.. University Of Washington, Seattle; Estados UnidosFil: Ariyawansa, Hiran A.. Guizhou Academy Of Agricultural Sciences; ChinaFil: Baghela, Abhishek. National Fungal Culture Collection Of India (nfcci); IndiaFil: Bahkali, Ali Hassan. King Saud University; Arabia SauditaFil: Beug, Michael. Po Box; Estados UnidosFil: Bhat, D. Jayarama. Azad Housing Society; India. Goa University; IndiaFil: Bojantchev, Dimitar. Mushroomhobby.com; Estados UnidosFil: Boonpratuang, Thitiya. Thailand National Center For Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology; TailandiaFil: Bulgakov, Timur S.. Southern Federal University; RusiaFil: Camporesi, Erio. Società Per Gli Studi Naturalistici Della Romagna; ItaliaFil: Boro, Marcela C.. Instituto de Botânica de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ceska, Oldriska. 1809 Penshurst; CanadáFil: Chakraborty, Dyutiparna. Ministry Of Environment & IndiaFil: Chen, Jia Jia. Beijing Forestry University; ChinaFil: Chethana, K. W. Thilini. Mae Fah Luang University; Tailandia. Beijing Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences; ChinaFil: Chomnunti, Putarak. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Consiglio, Giovanni. Via C. Ronzani 61; ItaliaFil: Cui, Bao Kai. Beijing Forestry University; ChinaFil: Dai, Dong Qin. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Dai, Yu Cheng. Beijing Forestry University; ChinaFil: Daranagama, Dinushani A.. Institute Of Microbiology Chinese Academy Of Sciences; China. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Das, Kanad. Ministry Of Environment & IndiaFil: Dayarathne, Monika C.. Kunming Institute Of Botany Chinese Academy Of Sciences; China. World Agro Forestry Centre East And Central Asia Office; China. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: De Crop, Eske. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: De Oliveira, Rafael J. V.. Federal University of Pernambuco; BrasilFil: de Souza, Carlos Alberto Fragoso. Instituto de Botânica; BrasilFil: de Souza, José Ivanildo. Federal University of Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Dentinger, Bryn T. M.. Aberystwyth University.; Reino UnidoFil: Dissanayake, Asha J.. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Doilom, Mingkwan. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Drechsler Santos, E. Ricardo. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Ghobad Nejhad, Masoomeh. Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology; IránFil: Gilmore, Sean P.. University of California Santa Barbara; Estados UnidosFil: Góes Neto, Aristóteles. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; BrasilFil: Gorczak, Michal. University of Warsaw; PoloniaFil: Sir, Esteban Benjamin. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Botánica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentin

Fungal diversity notes 253-366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper, including 11 new genera, 89 new species, one new subspecies, three new combinations and seven reference specimens. A wide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed. In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora (Testudinaceae), Camporesia (Xylariaceae), Clematidis, Crassiparies (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Farasanispora, Longiostiolum (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Multilocularia (Parabambusicolaceae), Neophaeocryptopus (Dothideaceae), Parameliola (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), and Towyspora (Lentitheciaceae) are introduced. Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis, Aniptodera aquibella, Annulohypoxylon albidiscum, Astrocystis thailandica, Camporesia sambuci, Clematidis italica, Colletotrichum menispermi, C. quinquefoliae, Comoclathris pimpinellae, Crassiparies quadrisporus, Cytospora salicicola, Diatrype thailandica, Dothiorella rhamni, Durotheca macrostroma, Farasanispora avicenniae, Halorosellinia rhizophorae, Humicola koreana, Hypoxylon lilloi, Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae, Lindgomyces okinawaensis, Longiostiolum tectonae, Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum, Moelleriella phukhiaoensis, M. pongdueatensis, Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi, Multilocularia bambusae, Multiseptospora thysanolaenae, Neophaeocryptopus cytisi, Ocellularia arachchigei, O. ratnapurensis, Ochronectria thailandica, Ophiocordyceps karstii, Parameliola acaciae, P. dimocarpi, Parastagonospora cumpignensis, Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei, Polyplosphaeria thailandica, Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis, Psiloglonium macrosporum, Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus, Rosellinia chiangmaiensis, Saccothecium rubi, Seimatosporium pseudocornii, S. pseudorosae, Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari. New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis (sexual morph described and illustrated) and Pseudocamarosporium pini. Descriptions, illustrations and/or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea, Cryptovalsa ampelina, Dothiorella vidmadera, Ophiocordyceps formosana, Petrakia echinata, Phragmoporthe conformis and Pseudocamarosporium pini. The new species of Basidiomycota are Agaricus coccyginus, A. luteofibrillosus, Amanita atrobrunnea, A. digitosa, A. gleocystidiosa, A. pyriformis, A. strobilipes, Bondarzewia tibetica, Cortinarius albosericeus, C. badioflavidus, C. dentigratus, C. duboisensis, C. fragrantissimus, C. roseobasilis, C. vinaceobrunneus, C. vinaceogrisescens, C. wahkiacus, Cyanoboletus hymenoglutinosus, Fomitiporia atlantica, F. subtilissima, Ganoderma wuzhishanensis, Inonotus shoreicola, Lactifluus armeniacus, L. ramipilosus, Leccinum indoaurantiacum, Musumecia alpina, M. sardoa, Russula amethystina subp. tengii and R. wangii are introduced. Descriptions, illustrations, notes and / or reference specimens are designated for Clarkeinda trachodes, Dentocorticium ussuricum, Galzinia longibasidia, Lentinus stuppeus and Leptocorticium tenellum. The other new genera, species new combinations are Anaeromyces robustus, Neocallimastix californiae and Piromyces finnis from Neocallimastigomycota, Phytophthora estuarina, P. rhizophorae, Salispina, S. intermedia, S. lobata and S. spinosa from Oomycota, and Absidia stercoraria, Gongronella orasabula, Mortierella calciphila, Mucor caatinguensis, M. koreanus, M. merdicola and Rhizopus koreanus in Zygomycota