Technological Reconstruction of the Global Economy

The chapter addresses the technological evolution of global economy since the yearly post war years until the beginning of world crisis in 2008. The author explains spectacular growth, demonstrated in the world economy, by implication of technologies, invented during “the golden age of technologies”, the dual-use peculiarity for the majority of them and their subsequent transfer from the leading countries to the less developed, enforced the extension in scale of production and markets. It should be recognized that the technological system, launched after the World War II represents the backbone of the contemporary global economy, despite the different role of its main drivers: manufacturing production, trade in goods and services or foreign direct investments. The theoretical model of the steady-state growth most appropriately describes how the increments in capital and investments enforce the economic growth, no matter of where there are originating from. The 2008 global crisis reveals the exhaustion of the “technological source” for continuing growth of the world economy, reflecting in many ways the emerging discrepancy between technological development and economic growth: deindustrialization of the leading economies, “bubble effect”, eroding the foundation for economic sustainability, “Dutch disease” for the oil-dependent countries, the bias toward the energy resources in the world trade in general and, of course, worldwide growing militarization. The chapter highlights the necessity for the revision of that states of affairs in the world economy and proposes in where to start creating the new global technological system as the new backbone for restarting the economic growth and international civil cooperation

Histotopographic and morphometric characteristics of the oral mucosa postoperative wounds healing, depending on the method of connecting the wound edges

Implementation of high-quality tissue connections and hemostasis in oral surgery is an urgent problem of modern dentistry, due to the lack of available universal methods that would help to facilitate the work of oral surgeon and reduce wound healing time. The aim of the research. To investigate and study the regeneration processes in the oral mucosa after high-frequency electric welding, suturing and medical adhesive composition. Materials and methods. This study compared the effect of three connection methods and hemostasis: high-frequency electric welding (EKVZ-300M1 “PATONMED®”, Ukraine), suture method (nylon 5/0 “PIRUS®”, China), adhesive composition (“Histoacryl®”, Germany). 72 rabbits were involved in experiment. An incision of the soft tissues of the vestibulum of the oral cavity of the maxilla with a length of 1.3–1.5 cm was made. On days 3, 7, 14 and 21, tissue samples were excised, histological and morphometric examination of the material were performed. Results. By statistical data processing of 72 rabbits was found that the reliability of differences in the levels of morphometric parameters between groups on each day is very high, as evidenced by the calculated values ​​of the U-test. In 38 cases (90.5 %), the significance level was p≤0.01, in the other 4 cases – p≤0.05. The lowest value level of neutrophilic granulocytes was in rabbits of group No.1 (electric welding). In rabbits of group No. 1 GFBC were not observed in the 8 fields of view throughout the experiment. Conclusions. High-frequency electric welding of soft tissues can be used for effective intraoperative hemostasis and connection of the intraoral wound edges. Due to the absence of a foreign body (adhesive masses, filaments) and moderate alterative effect, histological examination indicates accelerated activation of regenerative processes in the early stages of observation in rabbits of group No. 1

The Influence of the Technological Process on the Surface Quality and Tribological Properties of Powder Details

Nowadays the materials made by methods of powder metallurgy are widely used for producing details of the heavy-duty friction pair. Due to high reliability and effective combination of mechanical and tribological properties such materials are usually used in transport industry, for example for gear assemblies of different kinds of automobiles, brake system of high speed trains, aircrafts etc. There are many variations of powder materials, but for friction pairs the iron based antifriction materials, for example Fe-C-Cu, Fe-P, Fe-Cu-Sn, Fe-Cu-Sn-Pb-MoS2, Fe-C-Cu-Ni-Mo and others are successfully used. In recent years, the requirements for antifriction materials are raised highly because of more intensive freight traffic and speed of vehicles. On the other hand, the demand of more inexpensive materials and effective using of natural resources is the issue of the day.The aim of this paper is to offer the new low-cost metal powder material based on Fe-C compound with content of Ni and Mo up to 0.3%. The influence of the parameters of technological process (pressing and sintering) on physical properties (porosity, density), mechanical properties (hardness) as well as on 2D roughness and 3D texture parameters was studied and is presented in this paper as well. The “Taylor Hobson Ltd” 3D measurement system has been used in metrological study. The analysis of the influence of the technological process on the surface roughness parameters is given. The tribological properties (friction coefficient) were evaluated using “ball-on-disk” testing without lubrication. The analysis of achieved results is prove the appropriateness of using of new low-alloy metal powder material on the iron base for producing details of friction pair. One of the possible applications - bushes for braking systems of railway rolling stock. Using offered material allows reducing the product cost in complex with acceptable wear resistance and durability

Interpersonal relations in the teaching staff and pro-environmental behavior of teachers of general educational organizations

The article is devoted to the study of the need for communication, which is the basis of cooperation and the relationship of people with each other. The main question in understanding of the nature of interpersonal relationships is the question of their connection with social relations. This article presents the results of the study of interpersonal relations in the teaching staff and pro-environmental behavior of teashers. The research methods contain a generalization of the best psychological experience in the study of this problem, description, testing, the method of logical generalizations, methods of qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The hypothesis of the relationship between the level of anxiety and the preferred style of interpersonal relationships among teachers is presented. The results obtained in the study can be used to improve the work of teaching collectives, for family and personal counselingб for further research in the field of team management

Tribological and Mechanical Properties of the Nanostructured Superlattice Coatings with Respect to Surface Texture

This research is funded by the Latvian Council of Science, project “Carbon-rich self-healing multifunctional nanostructured smart coatings (NSC) for high-tech applications using high-power confined plasma technology for their deposition”, project No. 2019/1-0385.Ceramic Nanostructured Superlattice Coatings (NSC) have broad applicability to improve the parts’ and assemblies’ tribological and mechanical properties for the needs of the automotive and aerospace industries. Improving the material properties using nanocoatings for such a widely used material as, for example, bearing steel 100Cr6 makes it possible to improve the service life of machine parts. In this paper, the correlation dependence between tribological and mechanical properties of the NSC and its surface texture are considered to determine how much surface texture will affect the tribological performance of the coated workpieces, as well as the measuring and evaluation procedure of the nanocoatings, are presented. Three different NSC described by a general empirical formula {TiMe1Me2-CN/TiAlSi-N}n and based on the modified carbonitride/nitride non-stoichiometric chemical composition were created, and their tribological and mechanical properties measured and analyzed in the context with surface texture. NSC deposited by the advanced PVD (Physical vapor deposition) technique demonstrated significantly higher wear resistance (up to 28 times), reasonably lower friction coefficient (CoF) (up to 4 times), and significantly higher hardness of the coated workpieces (up to 7 times) versus substrate material. A strong correlation between the steady-state dry sliding friction, CoF, and the amplitude and functional surface texture parameters of tribo-track were observed. The first results of the initiated research regarding the correlation analysis of the tribological and mechanical properties, on the one hand, and surface texture, on the other hand, of the NSC are reported here. © 2022 by the authors.Latvian Council of Science project No. 2019/1-0385; Institute of Solid-State Physics, University of Latvia has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-Teaming Phase 2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2

Chronic ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in rabbits: clinical and histopathological

METHODS. Fifteen rabbits were divided into three equal groups of CT subconjunctival-only (SC) and subconjunctival plus intravitreal (SCþIV) inoculation, and controls. Both noncontrol groups received a bilateral SC injection (BSI) and the SCþIV group additionally received a unilateral IV injection (UII) of CT L2 culture, whereas the controls received a BSIþUII of phosphate-buffered saline. During 6 months post injection, the animals were investigated for PS inflammation and infection clinically and microbiologically (cell culture, ELISA, and realtime PCR). Hematoxylin-eosin staining and direct immunofluorescence in situ reaction were used to reveal the signs of tissue inflammation and infection. RESULTS. In the SC group, mild PS disorders (eight eyes) involving vitreal infiltration, the following posterior vitreous detachment and chorioretinitis, and severe PS disorders (two eyes) in the form of panuveitis, were developed. In the SCþIV group, mild (three and three eyes that received SC-only and SCþIV injections, respectively) and severe (two and two eyes that received SC-only and SCþIV injections, respectively) PS disorders were developed. A high titer (1:32-1:128) of CT-specific IgM antibody was present in sera from all the noncontrol animals. The CT antigen was detected in the conjunctiva and PS structures (the vitreous, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid) in 100% and 40% to 75% of all the noncontrol animals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. Conjunctival or intraocular inoculation with CT may result in invasion of the PS structures and durable persistence thereof, with the development of inflammatory and then degenerative changes. These data might advocate for expanding the role of chronic CT infection in etiology and pathogenesis of vitreoretinal disorders

Activitatea antimicrobiană a noilor derivați de 1-[(2,4-(di-tertbutylphenoxy))-3-dialkilamino-2-propanol]

SI Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Institute of organic chemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineIntroduction. The microbial biofilm-forming ability is one of the major aspects of the emerging issue of antibiotic resistance, which makes them tolerant to antibiotics and host defense systems and other external stresses, thus contributing to persistent chronic infections. A series of relevant studies confirmed the high efficiency of aminopropanol derivatives as potential antibacterial and antifungal agents. This present study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of new 1-[(2,4-(di-tert-butylphenoxy))-3-dialkylamino-2-propanol] derivatives on the planktonic bacterial/fungal cells and biofilms. Material and methods. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the new compounds were determined by a standard method, along with their effects on biofilms estimated via the gentian violet adsorption-desorption assay. Results. The КVM-219 compound showed the most pronounced effect on planktonic bacterial and fungal cells. The MIC values ranged between 0.78 μg/mL to 12.5 μg/mL, depending on the microbial strain. The KVM-316 compound exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on biofilms, thus preventing their formation by S. aureus (96.1%), E. coli (57.2%), and P. aeruginosa (96.1%). Conclusions. The 15 newly synthesized 1-[(2,4-(di-tert-butylphenoxy))-3-dialkylamino-2- propanol] derivatives revealed marked antibacterial and antifungal effects on planktonic microorganisms. Most of these compounds showed a strain-specific inhibition of biofilm formation by at least 50% for S. aureus 222, E. coli 311, P. aeruginosa 449 and C. glabrata 404 strains.1-[(2,4(di-terț-butylphenoxy))-3-dialkylamino-2-propanol] asupra celulelor planctonice bacteriene/fungice și asupra biofilmelor. Material și metode. Concentrațiile minime inhibitorii (CMI) ale compușilor noi au fost determinate printr-o metodă standard, activitatea antibiofilm a fost testată prin absorbția violetului de gențiană pe structuri formate pe plăci de polistiren, urmată de resolubilizare cu solvent organic și resazurină ca indicator redox. Rezultate. Efectul cel mai pronunțat asupra celulelor planctonice bacteriene și fungice l-a demonstrat compusul КVM - 219, CMI 0,67 μg/ml - 12,5 μg/ml, în funcție de microorganism, iar asupra biofilmelor - compusul KVM-316. KVM-316 a prevenit formarea biofilmelor de către S. aureus (96,1%), E. coli (57,2%) și P. aeruginosa (96,1%). Concluzii. Cei 15 derivați nou sintetizați ai 1-[(2,4-(di-tert-butylphenoxy))-3-dialkylamino-2-propanol] au prezentat efecte antibacteriene și antifungice pronunțate asupra microorganismelor planctonice. Majoritatea acestor compuși au inhibat în mod specific formarea biofilmelor de către tulpinile clinice S. aureus 222, E. coli 311, P. aeruginosa 449 și C. glabrata 404 cu cel puțin 50%

Cortisol and DHEAS Related to Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Schizophrenia

Background: Both dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS) and cortisol are secreted by the adrenal glands and may modulate metabolic syndrome (MetS), which often affects the health of patients with schizophrenia. The relationship between the serum levels of these hormones and MetS has not been established. Purpose: In this pilot study, we investigated the serum levels in schizophrenia patients with and without MetS and compared them with those in healthy volunteers. Patients and Methods: After obtaining informed consent, 110 patients with acute paranoid schizophrenia were recruited directly after admission to the Mental Health Research Institute. The control group consisted of 51 persons reported on questioning to be mentally and somatically healthy. Blood samples to prepare serum were drawn after an 8-h overnight fast during one of the first days of admission. Serum cortisol and DHEAS concentrations were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: A total of 42 patients had MetS and 68 patients were without MetS. The cortisol blood level was significantly (p = 0.012) higher in schizophrenia patients without MetS in comparison to healthy controls, while patients with schizophrenia and a MetS have significantly (p = 0.014) lower DHEAS levels than healthy volunteers. These differences could, however, exclusively be attributed to female participants. Analysis of covariance adjusted for gender and age demon-strated a significant relationship between age and DHEAS levels (F = 9.512, р =0.003). Conclusion: Lower DHEAS serum levels in relationship to MetS become evident in women, but not in men, and have age differences as a confounding factor

Antimicrobial activity of novel 1-[(2,4-(di-tert-butylphenoxy))-3-dialkylamino-2-propanol] derivativesy

Introduction. The microbial biofilm-forming ability is one of the major aspects of the emerging issue of antibiotic resistance, which makes them tolerant to antibiotics and host defense systems and other external stresses, thus contributing to persistent chronic infections. A series of relevant studies confirmed the high efficiency of aminopropanol derivatives as potential antibacterial and antifungal agents. This present study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of new 1-[(2,4-(di-tert-butylphenoxy))-3-dialkylamino-2-propanol] derivatives on the planktonic bacterial/fungal cells and biofilms. Material and methods. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the new compounds were determined by a standard method, along with their effects on biofilms estimated via the gentian violet adsorption-desorption assay. Results. The КVM-219 compound showed the most pronounced effect on planktonic bacterial and fungal cells. The MIC values ranged between 0.78 μg/mL to 12.5 μg/mL, depending on the microbial strain. The KVM-316 compound exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on biofilms, thus preventing their formation by S. aureus (96.1%), E. coli (57.2%), and P. aeruginosa (96.1%). Conclusions. The 15 newly synthesized 1-[(2,4-(di-tert-butylphenoxy))-3-dialkylamino-2-propanol] derivatives revealed marked antibacterial and antifungal effects on planktonic microorganisms. Most of these compounds showed a strain-specific inhibition of biofilm formation by at least 50% for S. aureus 222, E. coli 311, P. aeruginosa 449 and C. glabrata 404 strains