PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AVIATION BIOFUELS IN UKRAINE

The modern environmental problems caused by the activity of aviation industry are figured out in the article. The main tendencies for transition to alternative jet fuels all over the world are described. Attention is paid to the policies of developed countries intended to the implementation of biofuels in aviation, and introduction of new standards for alternative jet fuels quality. Contemporary state of jet fuels production and use in Ukraine is discussed. Ukrainian experience in development of national policy for introduction of alternative jet fuels into civil aviation is described. The current problems, which are the barriers nowadays for jet biofuels implementation in Ukraine are presented in details. At the same time benefits that will be achieved in a result of biofuels application are emphasized.В статье рассмотрено современные экологические проблемы, которые связаны с деятельностью авиационной отрасли. Представлено основные мировые тенденции относительно перехода на альтернативные авиционные топлива. Уделено внимание политике развитых стран мира, которая направлена на внедрение биотоплив в авиацию, а также введению новых стандартов относительно качества авиационных топлив. В статье рассмотрено современное состояние производства и потребления топлив для воздушно-реактивных двигателей в Украине. Представлено опыт Украины в разработке национальной политики по внедрению альтернативных авиационных топлив в гражданскую авиацию. В статье детально раскрыто современные проблемы, которые на сегодняшний день являются преградой для внедрения альтернативных авиационных топлив в Украине. В тоже время акцентиовано внимание на преимуществах, которые будут достигнуты в результате применения биотоплив.У статті розглянуто сучасні екологічні проблеми, пов’язані з діяльністю авіаційної галузі. Описано основні світові тенденції щодо переходу на альтернативні авіаційні палива. Приділено увагу політиці розвинених країн світу, що спрямована на впровадження біопалив у авіацію, а також введенню нових стандартів щодо якості авіаційних палив. У статті висвітлено сучасний стан виробництва та споживання палив для повітряно-реактивних двигунів в Україні. Представлено досвід України у розробленні національної політики щодо впровадження альтернативних авіаційних палив у цивільну авіацію. У статті детально розкрито сучасні проблеми, що на даний час є перепоною до впровадження альтернативних авіаційних палив в Україні. В той же час наголошено на перевагах, що будуть досягнуті у майбутньому у результаті застосування біопалив

SYNTHESIS OF CYCLOPROPA[C]COUMARINS FROM DONOR-ACCEPTOR CYCLOPROPANES

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (grant MK1567.2018.3)

Management of Fluctuation of Financial and Economic Integrated Development of Innovative Enterprise

The main purpose of this article is to study the fluctuation management of financial and economic performance of innovative enterprises’ activity comprehensively in the context of their effective integrated development. The study found that achieving a high level of management of integrated enterprise development by fluctuation indicators, is possible when evaluating the effectiveness of functioning on the basis of a range of methods of improvement the quality management of integrated development of the enterprise on the fluctuation indicators, resource allocation in order to reduce the level of fluctuation of expectations in the process of integrated development between enterprise and stakeholders using a set of basic and additional features to ensure efficiency of the development management at a high level and corresponding changes in key indicators, as well as maintain the balance in the form of alternatives in the disturbing effects of internal and external environmental factors of the enterprise. The life cycle of fluctuation of key indicators of integrated development of the enterprise with separation of three zones of fluctuation of key indicators of integrated development are considered: synchronicity, pleziochrony, disintegration, as well as opposite fluctuations of key indicators, depending on their parity level (low, medium, high) and stages of the cycle. The sources of financing of innovative activity of industrial enterprises are analysed. The results of the conducted researches were used to construct the synchrony matrix of the processes of integrated development of innovative enterprises taking into consideration the fluctuation of key financial and economic indicators. It is determined that Ukraine has considerable potential for innovation activity, however, there are many problems arising in the way of activation and realization of innovative activity of domestic companies. It is established that the management of fluctuation of financial and economic indicators of the integrated development of innovative enterprises will help to increase the efficiency of their activity and to integrate the processes of development both within the company and beyond. The ways of solving the problems of integrated development of domestic innovative enterprises are suggested

Determination of the basin of attraction of a periodic orbit in two dimensions using meshless collocation

A contraction metric for an autonomous ordinary differential equation is a Riemannian metric such that the distance between adjacent solutions contracts over time. A contraction metric can be used to determine the basin of attraction of a periodic orbit without requiring information about its position or stability. Moreover, it is robust to small perturbations of the system. In two-dimensional systems, a contraction metric can be characterised by a scalar-valued function. In [9], the function was constructed as solution of a first-order linear Partial Differential Equation (PDE), and numerically constructed using meshless collocation. However, information about the periodic orbit was required, which needed to be approximated. In this paper, we overcome this requirement by studying a second-order PDE, which does not require any information about the periodic orbit. We show that the second-order PDE has a solution, which defines a contraction metric. We use meshless collocation to approximate the solution and prove error estimates. In particular, we show that the approximation itself is a contraction metric, if the collocation points are dense enough. The method is applied to two examples

The role of nelarabine in the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: literature review and own experience

Aim. The analysis of experience of nelarabine use in refractory/relapsed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) depending on the immunophenotype and the line of therapy. Materials and methods. All the patients with relapsed or refractory T-ALL aged from 0 to 18 years who received treatment with nelarabine as a part of the therapeutic element R6 were included in the study. For all patients a detailed immunological analysis of leukemia cells with discrimination of immunological variants TI, TII, TIII or TIV was performed. Patients administered with nelarabine as a first therapeutic element were referred to the first-line therapy group, other patients were referred to the second-line therapy group. Nelarabine was administered as intravenous infusion at a dose of 650 mg/m2, on days 1-5. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (allo-HSCT) was considered for all patients. Results. From 2009 to 2017, 54 patients with refractory/relapsed T-ALL were treated with nelarabine. Five-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) was 28% for all patients, cumulative risk of relapse (CIR) was 27%. EFS was significantly higher in nelarabine first-line therapy group in comparison with second-line therapy group (34±8% vs 8±8%, p=0,05). In patients after allo-HSCT EFS, OS and CIR were 51±10%, 50±10% and 39,1±9,5% accordingly. The best results were achieved in patients with TI immunophenotype. No toxicity-related mortality as well as severe neurologic complications or discontinuation of therapy associated with use of nelarabine were reported. Conclusion. The use of nelarabine is an effective strategy for the treatment of relapsed and refractory T-ALL. The best treatment outcomes were obtained in patients with TI immunophenotype and in the first-line therapy group. Optimal dosage regimens can be established during controlled clinical trials

Опыт одномоментных операций при билатеральной нефробластоме у детей

The paper describes the personal experience with one-stage operations for bilateral nephroblastoma (BN) in children. In 2000 to 2012, the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Institute, performed one-stage surgical interventions in 21 (26.2 %) children with BN. Their age ranged from 10 months to 5 years. The one-stage surgery as bilateral nephrectomy was made in 9 children. Nephrectomy with one-stage resection of the contralateral kidney was carried out in 4 children; 4 patients underwent one-stage surgery as resection of one kidney and biopsy of the other and 4 patients had nephrectomy and biopsy of the second kidney. BN is a rare disease as suggested by the data available in the world literature; each new report on patients with BN is of great scientific and practical interest. The rate of BN is 4 to 10 % of all kidney cancers in children. Synchronous and metachronous kidney injuries are encountered in 5–7 and 2–3 % of cases, respectively. Bilateral renal involvement is more commonly diagnosed in younger children. The major peak incidence of BN occurs from ages 3 to 5 years. The disease is rarely diagnosed in children above 10 years. Boys and girls are equally frequently ill. В статье приведен персональный опыт одномоментных операций при билатеральной нефробластоме (БН) у детей. В период с 2000 по 2012 г. в НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии ФГБНУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина» выполнены одномоментные хирургические вмешательства 21 (26,2 %) ребенку, больному БН. Возраст детей колебался от 10 мес до 5 лет. Одномоментное оперативное вмешательство в объеме резекции почки с обеих сторон проведено 9 детям. Нефрэктомия с одномоментной резекцией противоположной почки выполнена 4 детям, 4 больным проведена одномоментная операция в объеме резекции одной почки и биопсии другой почки и 4 пациентам выполнена нефрэктомия и биопсия 2-й почки. БН – редкое заболевание, о чем свидетельствуют данные мировой литературы, каждое новое сообщение о больных БН представляет важный научный и практический интерес. БН составляет от 4 до 10 % всех злокачественных опухолей почек у детей. Синхронное поражение почек наблюдается в 5–7 % случаев, метахронное – в 2–3 %. Билатеральное поражение почек диагностируется чаще у детей более раннего возраста. Основной пик заболеваемости БН приходится на возрастной период от 3 до 5 лет. Редко заболевание диагностируется у детей старше 10 лет. Мальчики и девочки болеют одинаково часто.

Dual targeting of p53 and c-MYC selectively eliminates leukaemic stem cells

e Glasgow and Manchester Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres (ECMC), which are funded by CR-UK and the Chief Scientist’s Office (Scotland). We acknowledge the funders who have contributed to this work: MRC stratified medicine infrastructure award (A.D.W.), CR-UK C11074/A11008 (F.P., L.E.M.H., T.L.H., A.D.W.); LLR08071 (S.A.A., E.C.); LLR11017 (M.C.); SCD/04 (M.C.); LLR13035 (S.A.A., K.D., A.D.W., and A.P.); LLR14005 (M.T.S., D.V.); KKL690 (L.E.P.); KKL698 (P.B.); LLR08004 (A.D.W., A.P. and A.J.W.); MRC CiC (M.E.D.); The Howat Foundation (FACS support); Friends of Paul O’Gorman (K.D. and FACS support); ELF 67954 (S.A.A.); BSH start up fund (S.A.A.); MR/K014854/1 (K.D.)

Review on computational methods for Lyapunov functions

Lyapunov functions are an essential tool in the stability analysis of dynamical systems, both in theory and applications. They provide sufficient conditions for the stability of equilibria or more general invariant sets, as well as for their basin of attraction. The necessity, i.e. the existence of Lyapunov functions, has been studied in converse theorems, however, they do not provide a general method to compute them. Because of their importance in stability analysis, numerous computational construction methods have been developed within the Engineering, Informatics, and Mathematics community. They cover different types of systems such as ordinary differential equations, switched systems, non-smooth systems, discrete-time systems etc., and employ di_erent methods such as series expansion, linear programming, linear matrix inequalities, collocation methods, algebraic methods, set-theoretic methods, and many others. This review brings these different methods together. First, the different types of systems, where Lyapunov functions are used, are briefly discussed. In the main part, the computational methods are presented, ordered by the type of method used to construct a Lyapunov function

Algal Photosynthesis as the Primary Driver for a Sustainable Development in Energy, Feed, and Food Production

High oil prices and global warming that accompany the use of fossil fuels are an incentive to find alternative forms of energy supply. Photosynthetic biofuel production represents one of these since for this, one uses renewable resources. Sunlight is used for the conversion of water and CO2 into biomass. Two strategies are used in parallel: plant-based production via sugar fermentation into ethanol and biodiesel production through transesterification. Both, however, exacerbate other problems, including regional nutrient balancing and the world's food supply, and suffer from the modest efficiency of photosynthesis. Maximizing the efficiency of natural and engineered photosynthesis is therefore of utmost importance. Algal photosynthesis is the system of choice for this particularly for energy applications. Complete conversion of CO2 into biomass is not necessary for this. Innovative methods of synthetic biology allow one to combine photosynthetic and fermentative metabolism via the so-called Photanol approach to form biofuel directly from Calvin cycle intermediates through use of the naturally transformable cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Beyond providing transport energy and chemical feedstocks, photosynthesis will continue to be used for food and feed applications. Also for this application, arguments of efficiency will become more and more important as the size of the world population continues to increase. Photosynthetic cells can be used for food applications in various innovative forms, e.g., as a substitute for the fish proteins in the diet supplied to carnivorous fish or perhaps—after acid hydrolysis—as a complex, animal-free serum for growth of mammalian cells in vitro