International Universal Unification of the Conflict-of-Law Regulation of Cross-Border Unfair Competition

This article puts forward that there are diverse and sound grounds preventing the universal treaty regulating comprehensively the issues of legal protection from crossborder unfair competition by substantive norms from being worked out in the near future. The development of the universal unification of the conflict-of-law rules on the law applicable to the private relations arising out of unfair competition as a possible alternative is also proposed and substantiated. The authors give some possible reasons for the absence of such a treaty and demonstrate the results that have been achieved so far in this field. The concept of the Draft of the relevant Convention is drawn up. The conclusion is made that the latter needs to be centered on the lex mercatus as a single connecting factor (due to its advantages of predictability, account of the interests of the state where the effected market is situated etc.). Furthermore, the Convention should not provide for party autonomy, should set forth the detailed rules for the legal characterization of the basic terms of the Convention, including the scope of the applicable law as well as the public policy clause and the norms on the overriding mandatory provisions.This article puts forward that there are diverse and sound grounds preventing the universal treaty regulating comprehensively the issues of legal protection from crossborder unfair competition by substantive norms from being worked out in the near future. The development of the universal unification of the conflict-of-law rules on the law applicable to the private relations arising out of unfair competition as a possible alternative is also proposed and substantiated. The authors give some possible reasons for the absence of such a treaty and demonstrate the results that have been achieved so far in this field. The concept of the Draft of the relevant Convention is drawn up. The conclusion is made that the latter needs to be centered on the lex mercatus as a single connecting factor (due to its advantages of predictability, account of the interests of the state where the effected market is situated etc.). Furthermore, the Convention should not provide for party autonomy, should set forth the detailed rules for the legal characterization of the basic terms of the Convention, including the scope of the applicable law as well as the public policy clause and the norms on the overriding mandatory provisions

Samuil Kaplan and the development of astrophysical research at the Lviv University (dedicated to the 100th anniversary of his birth)

Samuil Kaplan (1921-1978) was a productive and famous astrophysicist. He was affiliated with a number of scientific centers in different cities of former Soviet Union. The earliest 13 years of his career, namely in the 1948-1961 years, he worked in Lviv University in Ukraine (then it was called the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic). In the present paper, the Lviv period of his life and scientific activity is described on the basis of archival materials and his published studies. Kaplan arrived in Lviv in June 1948, at the same month when he obtained the degree of Candidate of science. He was a head of the astrophysics sector at the Astronomical Observatory of the University, was a professor of department for theoretical physics as well as the founder and head of a station for optical observations of artificial satellites of Earth. He was active in the organization of the astronomical observational site outside of the city. During the years in Lviv, Kaplan wrote more than 80 articles and 3 monographs in 9 areas. The focus of his interests at that time was on stability of circular orbits in the Schwarzschild field, on white dwarf theory, on space gas dynamics, and cosmic plasma physics, and turbulence, on acceleration of cosmic rays, on physics of interstellar medium, on physics and evolution of stars, on cosmology and gravitation, and on optical observations of Earth artificial satellites. Some of his results are fundamental for development of theory in these fields as well as of observational techniques. The complete bibliography of his works published during the Lviv period is presented. Respective scientific achievements of Samuil Kaplan are reviewed in the light of the current state of research in these areas.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in Europian Physical Journal

Right to a Fair Trial in Extraordinary Conditions

The relevance of the study is determined by the necessity to generalize the problems of implementation of the right to a fair trial faced by various states in connection with quarantine restrictions, as well as the experience of the administration of justice under martial law. This made it possible to establish a common understanding of the right to a fair trial within the borders of the Council of Europe member states, as well as the means of solving the issue of justice by the Ukrainian authorities in the conditions of the occupation and the military actions of the Russian army

Innovative ways of transport services development under active automobilization of the population of a post-totalitarian society

На основі аналізу літературних джерел та існуючого досвіду роботи автопідприємств і транспортного обслуговування виявлено проблеми його розвитку в умовах трансформаційної економіки посттоталітарного суспільства. Розглянуто шляхи підвищення ефективності роботи транспорту за рахунок інноваційних управлінських чинників, підвищення безпеки руху, якості послуг, на основі застосування засобів програмування та моделювання процесів організації транспортного обслуговування. Встановлено, що одним з найприйнятніших методів оцінювання ефективності функціонування транспортних систем з точки зору використання економічних і трудових ресурсів є не лише згадувані засоби програмування та моделювання процесу роботи транспортних систем, а й організація раціональних маршрутів руху транспорту по перевантажених вулицях і дорогах у населених пунктах. Встановлено, що за рахунок завантаження транспортних засобів, згадуваних чинників безпеки руху та врахування сучасних вимог експлуатації доріг і транспорту, скорочення витрат часу руху дозволить підвищити ефективність автоперевезень та якість транспортного обслуговування.The problems of the automobile enterprises and transport services development in a transformational economy of a post-totalitarian society based on the analysis of literature and existing experience of their functioning are considered in the article. Ways of improving the efficiency of transport through innovative managerial factors, increase of traffic safety and quality of services on the basis of programming and modeling application in the processes of transport services are provided. It is determined that one of the most acceptable methods for evaluating the efficiency of transport systems from the perspective of economic and labor resources use are not only the programming and modeling tools of the transport systems work process mentioned above but also the organization of rational traffic routes on the overloaded streets and roads in the cities. It is found out that due to the loading of the vehicles, mentioned safety factors, consideration of the modern requirements of the roads and transport exploitation and reduction of the traffic time it will be possible to improve the transport efficiency and the quality of transport services

Improvement of the System of Strategic Development Management by Youth Public Organizations in Ukraine

The aim of the article is to study the available ways to improve the strategic management system in youth public organizations, based on successful principles and practices of commercial organizations in combination with the specifics of public activities and youth policy. With regard to the analysis of scientific works of world scientists and the practical experience of the authors, the components of the system of strategic development management are considered, and trend management principles are systematized. As a result of the study, a comprehensive approach to determining the development priorities of youth public organizations and the priority development goals until 2025 are proposed. The necessity of a two-stage formation of a sustainable development strategy in a youth public organization is justified. The article indicates that improving the system of strategic development management by youth public organizations is possible only through the use of innovative approaches. Among the approaches, more attention should be paid to application of trend management principles, the most effective management practices and the latest methods. A promising issue requiring more careful consideration in further studies is the cyclical nature of the process of managing strategic development by youth public organizations. The future transition from sequential to cyclical management in youth organizations will ensure rapid achievement of development priorities

Public intercollegiate associations (departments league) of the same academic orientation can effectively contribute in problem solving of the ministry of education and science of Ukraine

Запропоновано підтримати формування в рамках МОНУ так званих громадських міжвузівських об’єднань кафедр (лігу кафедр), одного навчального спрямування, які можуть ефективно сприяти вирішенню проблем у системі вищої школи. Посилити взаємозв’язки та взаємодію функціонування МОНУ й громадськості в активізації розвитку освіти, науки та виробництва у контексті адаптації національної економіки (держави) до європейських стандартів. Встановлено тенденції цього процесу. Запропоновано шляхи вирішення проблем у цій сфері в умовах трансформаційного суспільства.In this paper it is proposed to support the formation of public intercollegiate associations which have the same academic orientation within the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (league chairs) and can effectively solve the problems in higher school. Strengthening relationships and interaction between the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and public, revitalization of education, science and production in the terms of European standards are the main aims of our country. The important trends of this process are detected. The ways of solving problems in this area are offered

Вирішення оптимізаційної задачі керування роботою газоперекачувальних агрегатів в умовах невизначеності

Since the gas transportation system of Ukraine has excessive capacity, it becomes a relevant task to choose such rotation frequencies of centrifugal compressors of the gas compressor units that would minimize the overall consumption of fuel gas on pumping.Calculation of the volumetric productivity of a centrifugal compressor by the pressure differential on confuser produces an error of tens of percent due to the inaccuracy of measurement. Thus, it is advisable to consider volumetric productivity as a fuzzy magnitude with a triangular shape of the membership that makes it possible to build an adequate mathematical model of the process of natural gas compression. A triangular shape of the membership function is inconvenient when used in order to solve the problem on the optimal control over the process of natural gas compression. That is why, in the present work, it is proposed to approximate it by a Gaussian membership function. This allowed us to state the optimization problem in terms of fuzzy magnitudes and, on this basis, to develop effective methods for solving it with consideration of constraints for the controlling actions.In order to obtain empirical models, based on the results of observing the work of GPU, we applied a method of synthesis of empirical models on the basis of genetic algorithms. We developed algorithmic provision and software in the MATLAB environment and solved the problem of optimal control, which made it possible to determine rotation frequencies of the rotors of centrifugal compressors of natural gas, at which the total costs of the fuel gas for the natural gas compression are minimal.Since technological parameters of the gas pumping unit change over time, there appears a need to recalculate the model's parameters in order to solve the optimization problem on the process of natural gas compression. Determination of frequency of recalculation of the model's parameters is an unsolved scientific problem at present and it is a promising task for further research. Решена задача оптимального управления группы параллельно работающих газоперекачивающих агрегатов при минимизации общих затрат на эксплуатацию нагнетателей при условии ограничения частоты вращения нагнетателя, температуры газа на выходе из нагнетателя и температуры продуктов сгорания на выходе турбины низкого давления. Учтены нечеткость производительности нагнетателя вызванная большой погрешностью измеренияРозв’язано задачу оптимального керування групи паралельно працюючих газоперекачувальних агрегатів при мінімізації загальних витрат на експлуатацію нагнітачів за умови обмеження частоти обертання нагнітача, температури газу на виході із нагнітача та температури продуктів згорання на виході турбіни низького тиску. Враховано нечіткість продуктивності нагнітача спричинена великою похибкою вимірюванн

Methods of the Objects Identification and Recognition Research in the Networks with the IoT Concept Support

An emergence of intelligent devices, a large number of sensors, the issue of their identification and interaction becomes relevant in the era of information technologies development. A control object, a structural diagram of an identification system, an algorithm for the correlation method of identification have been considered in the article, and a general idea of managing the process of recognizing an information network object has been given