Renormalisation and fixed points in Hilbert Space

The energies of low-lying bound states of a microscopic quantum many-body system of particles can be worked out in a reduced Hilbert space. We present here and test a specific non-perturbative truncation procedure. We also show that real exceptional points which may be present in the spectrum can be identified as fixed points of coupling constants in the truncation procedure.Comment: 4 pages, 1 tabl

Geology for planning in Northeastern Illinois. V

Cover title."Prepared for the Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission.""This study has been financed in part by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under provisions of PL 92-500.""August 31, 1976."Includes bibliographical references (leaves 28-29)

Geology for planning in northeastern Illinois. VIII. Regional summary

"May 1, 1977.""Prepared for the Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission."Includes bibliographical references."This study has been financed in part by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the provisions of PL 92-500.

Geology for planning in northeastern Illinois. I

"May 17, 1976.""Prepared for the Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission.""This study has been financed in part by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the provisions of PL 92-500.""This regional study ... was initiated by the Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission (NIPC) under provisions of section 208 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (PL 92-500) ... the entire six county northeastern Illinois region was designated as a water quality problem area"--P. [1]-2.Includes bibliographical references.Background and scope of project -- Geologic setting of northeastern Illinois and description of geologic material -- Physical and minerologic properties of geologic materials -- Hydrologic framework of northeastern Illinois, including well characteristics -- Mapping methods and procedures: Geologic materials in northeastern Illinois to a depth of 20 feet (6.1 meters) -- Principal terrains in northeastern Illinois and generalized recharge-discharge characteristics -- Poorly drained soils in northeastern Illinois -- Water pollution from waste disposal and land treatment practices -- Land utilization considerations -- Natural resources

Geotechnical properties of municipal solid waste at different phases of biodegradation

This paper presents the results of laboratory investigation conducted to determine the variation of geotechnical properties of synthetic municipal solid waste (MSW) at different phases of degradation. Synthetic MSW samples were prepared based on the composition of MSW generated in the United States and were degraded in bioreactors with leachate recirculation. Degradation of the synthetic MSW was quantified based on the gas composition and organic content, and the samples exhumed from the bioreactor cells at different phases of degradation were tested for the geotechnical properties. Hydraulic conductivity, compressibility and shear strength of initial and degraded synthetic MSW were all determined at constant initial moisture content of 50% on wet weight basis. Hydraulic conductivity of synthetic MSW was reduced by two orders of magnitude due to degradation. Compression ratio was reduced from 0.34 for initial fresh waste to 0.15 for the mostly degraded waste. Direct shear tests showed that the fresh and degraded synthetic MSW exhibited continuous strength gain with increase in horizontal deformation, with the cohesion increased from 1 kPa for fresh MSW to 16–40 kPa for degraded MSW and the friction angle decreased from 35° for fresh MSW to 28° for degraded MSW. During the triaxial tests under CU condition, the total strength parameters, cohesion and friction angle, were found to vary from 21 to 57 kPa and 1° to 9°, respectively, while the effective strength parameters, cohesion and friction angle varied from 18 to 56 kPa and from 1° to 11°, respectively. Similar to direct shear test results, as the waste degrades an increase in cohesion and slight decrease in friction angle was observed. Decreased friction angle and increased cohesion with increased degradation is believed to be due to the highly cohesive nature of the synthetic MSW. Variation of synthetic MSW properties from this study also suggests that significant changes in geotechnical properties of MSW can occur due to enhanced degradation induced by leachate recirculation

Spatial and Temporal Variability in Emissions of Fluorinated Gases from a California Landfill

Emissions of twelve (hydro)­chlorofluorocarbons (F-gases) and methane were quantified using large-scale static chambers as a function of cover type (daily, intermediate, final) and seasonal variation (wet, dry) at a California landfill. The majority of the F-gas fluxes was positive and varied over 7 orders of magnitude across the cover types in a given season (wet: 10^–8 to 10^–1 g/m²-day; dry: 10^–9 to 10^–2 g/m²-day). The highest fluxes were from active filling areas with thin, coarse-grained daily covers, whereas the lowest fluxes were from the thick, fine-grained final cover. Historical F-gas replacement trends, waste age, and cover soil geotechnical properties affected flux with significantly lower F-gas fluxes than methane flux (10^–4 to 10⁺¹ g/m²-day). Both flux and variability of flux decreased with the order: daily to intermediate to final covers; coarser to finer cover materials; low to high fines content cover soils; high to low degree of saturation cover soils; and thin to thick covers. Cover-specific F-gas fluxes were approximately one order of magnitude higher in the wet than dry season, due to combined effects of comparatively high saturations, high void ratios, and low temperatures. Emissions were primarily controlled by type and relative areal extent of cover materials and secondarily by season

Field measurements and modeling to resolve m2 to km2 CH4 emissions for a complex urban source: An Indiana landfill study

Large spatial and temporal uncertainties for landfill CH4 emissions remain unresolved by short-term field campaigns and historic greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory models. Using four field methods (aircraft-based mass balance, tracer correlation, vertical radial plume mapping, static chambers) and a new field-validated process-based model (California Landfill Methane Inventory Model, CALMIM 5.4), we investigated the total CH4 emissions from a central Indiana landfill as well as the partitioned emissions inclusive of methanotrophic oxidation for the various cover soils at the site. We observed close agreement between whole site emissions derived from the tracer correlation (8 to 13 mol s–1) and the aircraft mass balance approaches (7 and 17 mol s–1) that were statistically indistinguishable from the modeling result (12 ± 2 mol s–1 inclusive of oxidation). Our model calculations indicated that approximately 90% of the annual average CH4 emissions (11 ± 1 mol s–1; 2200 ± 250 g m–2 d–1) derived from the small daily operational area. Characterized by a thin overnight soil cover directly overlying a thick sequence of older methanogenic waste without biogas recovery, this area constitutes only 2% of the 0.7 km2 total waste footprint area. Because this Indiana landfill is an upwind source for Indianapolis, USA, the resolution of m2 to km2 scale emissions at various temporal scales contributes to improved regional inventories relevant for addressing GHG mitigation strategies. Finally, our comparison of measured to reported CH4 emissions under the US EPA National GHG Reporting program suggests the need to revisit the current IPCC (2006) GHG inventory methodology based on CH4 generation modeling. The reasonable prediction of emissions at individual U.S. landfills requires incorporation of both cover-specific landfill climate modeling (e.g., soil temperature/moisture variability over a typical annual cycle driving CH4 transport and oxidation rates) as well as operational issues (e.g., cover thickness/properties, extent of biogas recovery)