The Rehydration Ability of Whey Ingredients

The purpose of this research was to studythe ability of whey protein concentrates (WPC) and whey permeate produced with ultrafiltration of cheese whey to rehydrate. The products studied were cheese whey concentrate witha PDM percentage of 80% (WPC-80), and cheese whey permeate, both produced under the conditions of the PJSC Dairy “Voronezhsky”.WPC-80 and the whey permeate dissolution processes were studied using microscopy. Water-impermeable hydrophobic layers were formed at the boundary, preventing water penetration into dry particles. The result was a higher dissolution timeforWPC-80 compared with whey permeate. When WPC-80 came into contact with water,it initially formed an obtuse wetting angle with a slow change over time. Whey permeate reached the equilibrium wetting angle more quickly. Quickreconditioning of WPC moisture content required avoiding capillary penetration of water, which created a turbulent liquid flow. The application of these ingredients in different food industry areas can reduce the costs for finished products, contribute to cost-effectiveness, increase the total production, and reduce environmental risks. Keywords: whey protein concentrate, whey permeate powder, water-wetting, dissolutio

Učinak dodatka proteina iz otpada kože na hematološke i biokemijske pokazatelje metabolizma i mliječnost visokoproduktivnih krava

This study was aimed to establish the effect of a fodder protein supplement from minced subcutaneous epithelium of farm animals on hematological, biochemical parameters of metabolism and milk productivity of high-yielding cows during the early lactation. For this, three groups of cows, six animals each, were formed according to the principle of analogous pairs. The control group received the main diet, the second and third experimental groups were daily fed with 300 g and 500 g of protein supplement for 60 days in addition to the main diet, respectively. The effect of prolongation of the supplement was studied over the next 30 days. Hematological and biochemical blood parameters, qualitative and quantitative composition of milk were studied in all animals. The animals of the experimental groups showed an increase in metabolic and redox processes during the experiment. An increase in the metabolism of nutrients in the liver has been found. Due to the sufficient intake of protein in the organism of animals, there was an increase in milk productivity and milk quality indicators.Cilj je ovog istraživanja utvrditi učinak dodatka proteina iz mljevenog potkožnog epitela domaćih životinja, na hematološke i biokemijske parametre metabolizma te proizvodnost visokoproduktivnih krava tijekom rane laktacije. Za to su prema principu analognih parova formirane tri skupine krava, svaka po šest životinja. Kontrolna skupina hranjena je osnovnim obrokom, a druga i treća eksperimentalna skupina svakodnevno su uz osnovnu hranidbu hranjene s 300 g i 500 g proteinskog dodatka tijekom 60 dana. Učinak dodatka proučavan je tijekom sljedećih 30 dana. U svih životinja proučavani su hematološki i biokemijski parametri krvi, te kvalitativni i kvantitativni sastav mlijeka. Životinje pokusnih skupina pokazale su porast metaboličkih i redoks procesa tijekom pokusa. Utvrđen je porast metabolizma hranjivih sastojaka u jetri. Zbog dovoljnog unosa proteina u organizam životinja eksperimentalnih skupina došlo je do povećanja pokazatelja mliječne proizvodnosti i pokazatelja kvalitete mlijeka

Type II restriction endonuclease R.Eco29kI is a member of the GIY-YIG nuclease superfamily

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The majority of experimentally determined crystal structures of Type II restriction endonucleases (REases) exhibit a common PD-(D/E)XK fold. Crystal structures have been also determined for single representatives of two other folds: PLD (R.BfiI) and half-pipe (R.PabI), and bioinformatics analyses supported by mutagenesis suggested that some REases belong to the HNH fold. Our previous bioinformatic analysis suggested that REase R.Eco29kI shares sequence similarities with one more unrelated nuclease superfamily, GIY-YIG, however so far no experimental data were available to support this prediction. The determination of a crystal structure of the GIY-YIG domain of homing endonuclease I-TevI provided a template for modeling of R.Eco29kI and prompted us to validate the model experimentally.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using protein fold-recognition methods we generated a new alignment between R.Eco29kI and I-TevI, which suggested a reassignment of one of the putative catalytic residues. A theoretical model of R.Eco29kI was constructed to illustrate its predicted three-dimensional fold and organization of the active site, comprising amino acid residues Y49, Y76, R104, H108, E142, and N154. A series of mutants was constructed to generate amino acid substitutions of selected residues (Y49A, R104A, H108F, E142A and N154L) and the mutant proteins were examined for their ability to bind the DNA containing the Eco29kI site 5'-CCGCGG-3' and to catalyze the cleavage reaction. Experimental data reveal that residues Y49, R104, E142, H108, and N154 are important for the nuclease activity of R.Eco29kI, while H108 and N154 are also important for specific DNA binding by this enzyme.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Substitutions of residues Y49, R104, H108, E142 and N154 predicted by the model to be a part of the active site lead to mutant proteins with strong defects in the REase activity. These results are in very good agreement with the structural model presented in this work and with our prediction that R.Eco29kI belongs to the GIY-YIG superfamily of nucleases. Our study provides the first experimental evidence for a Type IIP REase that does not belong to the PD-(D/E)XK or HNH superfamilies of nucleases, and is instead a member of the unrelated GIY-YIG superfamily.</p

“PETERSBURG TEXT” BY TATYANA TOLSTAYA (motifs in the story “The Okkervil River”)

In the article devoted to the analysis of “The Okkervil River”, a short story by Tatyana Tolstaya, a variety of motifs are distinguished and interpreted. Those refer the reader to the main motifs of Russian classical literature, however, their semantics is reconsidered by the contemporary writer and presented with different connotations. Saint Petersburg chronotope is analyzed, its simplification and shifts of spatial frameworks are considered. The ironic depreciation of the image of Saint Petersburg – Leningrad sets a playful (derisive) tone of the narration about the “little hero”, Simeonov, a descendant of poor Eugene from “The Bronze Horseman” by Pushkin, as well as Gogol’s and Dostoevsky’s “little heroes”. One of the leading motifs of the narration is that of a circle, closely interacting with the image-motif of the luring “silver voice”. It allows for revealing musical allusions, encouraging the development of the “romancing” intertextuality of the story

Trends in Social Transformations in the Discourse of Building the Information Society

The main goal of the empirical study was to study the possibilities of managing the process of levelling the negative consequences of social transformations of the social structure of modern Russian society in the information context. The empirical base is represented by the results of a sociological survey conducted in the northern territories of Russia by interviewing representatives of the social stratum, which in the long term of building the information society should disappear – low-income families. The study used a secondary analysis of the data of fundamental sociological research.El objetivo principal del estudio empírico fue estudiar las posibilidades de gestionar el proceso de nivelación de las consecuencias negativas de las transformaciones sociales de la estructura social de la sociedad rusa moderna en el contexto de la información. La base empírica está representada por los resultados de una encuesta ociológica realizada en los territorios del Norte de Rusia por los representantes del estrato social, que a largo plazo de la construcción de la sociedad de la información debe desaparecer - familias con pocos recursos. El estudio se utilizó un análisis secundario de los datos fundamentales de la investigación sociológica

Synthesis of Boronated Amidines by Addition of Amines to Nitrilium Derivative of Cobalt Bis(Dicarbollide)

A series of novel cobalt bis(dicarbollide) based amidines were synthesized by the nucleophilic addition of primary and secondary amines to highly activated B-N+≡C–R triple bond of the propionitrilium derivative [8-EtC≡N-3,3′-Co(1,2-C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)]. The reactions with primary amines result in the formation of mixtures of E and Z isomers of amidines, whereas the reactions with secondary amines lead selectively to the E-isomers. The crystal molecular structures of E-[8-EtC(NMe2)=HN-3,3′-Co(1,2-C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)], E-[8-EtC(NEt2)=HN-3,3′-Co(1,2- C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)] and E-[8-EtC(NC5H10)=HN-3,3′-Co(1,2-C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)] were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction

Highly Purified Conjugates of Natural Chlorin with Cobalt Bis(dicarbollide) Nanoclusters for PDT and BNCT Therapy of Cancer

To combine the neutron-capturing and photodynamic properties of boron nanoclusters and derivatives of natural chlorins, respectively, in one molecule, conjugate of chlorin e6 methyl ester with cyclen and dioxane and nitrile derivatives of cobalt bis(dicarbollide) were synthesized. The conditions for the purification of compounds by HPLC were selected since the work with natural compounds is complicated by the production of closely related impurities

The Rehydration Ability of Whey Ingredients

The purpose of this research was to studythe ability of whey protein concentrates (WPC) and whey permeate produced with ultrafiltration of cheese whey to rehydrate. The products studied were cheese whey concentrate witha PDM percentage of 80% (WPC-80), and cheese whey permeate, both produced under the conditions of the PJSC Dairy “Voronezhsky”.WPC-80 and the whey permeate dissolution processes were studied using microscopy. Water-impermeable hydrophobic layers were formed at the boundary, preventing water penetration into dry particles. The result was a higher dissolution timeforWPC-80 compared with whey permeate. When WPC-80 came into contact with water,it initially formed an obtuse wetting angle with a slow change over time. Whey permeate reached the equilibrium wetting angle more quickly. Quickreconditioning of WPC moisture content required avoiding capillary penetration of water, which created a turbulent liquid flow. The application of these ingredients in different food industry areas can reduce the costs for finished products, contribute to cost-effectiveness, increase the total production, and reduce environmental risks. Keywords: whey protein concentrate, whey permeate powder, water-wetting, dissolutio

Live-Cell STED Microscopy with Genetically Encoded Biosensor

Of the various super-resolution techniques, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy achieves the best temporal resolution at high spatial resolution, enabling live-cell imaging beyond the diffraction limit. However, STED and most other super-resolution imaging methods utilize a particular type of information extractable from the raw data, namely the positions of fluorophores. To expand on the use of super-resolution techniques, we report here the live-cell STED microscopy of a dynamic biosensor. Using the fluorescent H₂O₂ sensor HyPer2 for subdiffraction imaging, we were able not only to image filaments with superior resolution by localizing emission but also to trace H₂O₂ produced within living cell by monitoring brightness of the probe. STED microscopy of HyPer2 demonstrates potential utility of FP-based biosensors for super-resolution experiments in situ and in vivo