13 research outputs found
Distinctive-attribute Extraction for Image Captioning
Image captioning, an open research issue, has been evolved with the progress
of deep neural networks. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent
neural networks (RNNs) are employed to compute image features and generate
natural language descriptions in the research. In previous works, a caption
involving semantic description can be generated by applying additional
information into the RNNs. In this approach, we propose a distinctive-attribute
extraction (DaE) which explicitly encourages significant meanings to generate
an accurate caption describing the overall meaning of the image with their
unique situation. Specifically, the captions of training images are analyzed by
term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), and the analyzed semantic
information is trained to extract distinctive-attributes for inferring
captions. The proposed scheme is evaluated on a challenge data, and it improves
an objective performance while describing images in more detail.Comment: 14 main pages, 4 supplementary page
Do Rotational Shifts Affect Micturition Patterns in Real Practice? A Pilot Study in Healthy, Young Female Nurses
Purpose Healthy, young individuals are known to exhibit circadian variation in urinary functions. However, the effects of chronic circadian disturbance on voiding functions are largely unknown. The present work compared the effects of rotational shifts on the micturition patterns of female nurses to that in female nurses with routine daytime shifts. Methods A total of 19 nurses without lower urinary tract symptoms who worked rotational shifts for an average duration of 2 years were recruited. A voiding diary was kept for 9 consecutive days, and the overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) questionnaire was completed three times, starting 3 days before their night duties until 3 days after completion of their night duties. For comparison, seven nurses with regular shifts completed a 3-day voiding diary and the OABSS questionnaire. Results Female nurses working rotational shifts had lower overall urine production and had decreased urination frequency and nocturia than female nurses working regular shifts, even when the nurses who worked rotational shifts had a regular night's sleep for at least 7 days. Upon reinitiation of night duty, overall urine production increased significantly, with no significant changes in urgency and frequency. When these nurses returned to daytime duty, the volume of urine decreased but nocturnal urine production remained high, and the incidence of nocturia also increased significantly. However, the effects on OABSS score were not significant under the study design used. Conclusions Long-term rotational shifts resulted in adaptive changes such as decreased urine production and frequency in healthy, young female nurses. In addition, their micturition patterns were significantly affected by abrupt changes in their work schedules. Although working in shifts did not increase urgency or frequency of urination in healthy, young female nurses working rotational shifts for an average 2 years, large-scale studies are needed to systematically analyze the influence of shift work timings on micturition in humans
Radiologic Differentiation between Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis and Its Mimics Involving the Skull Base in Humans Using High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) can involve the skull base or the Eustachian tubes. GPA is diagnosed on the basis of clinical manifestations and serological tests, although it is challenging to discriminate GPA from infectious processes driving skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) and malignant processes such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Moreover, current serological tests have a low sensitivity and cannot distinguish GPA from these other conditions. We hypothesized that certain MRI characteristics would differ significantly among conditions and aimed to evaluate whether the features could differentiate between GPA, SBO, and NPC involving the skull base. We retrospectively evaluated the MRI findings of patients with GPA, SBO, and NPC. We performed univariable logistic regression analyses to identify the predictive variables for differentiating between conditions and evaluated their diagnostic values. We showed, for the first time, that certain MRI findings significantly differed between patients with GPA and those with SBO or NPC, including the lesion morphology and extent, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, the contrast enhancement patterns, the presence or absence of necrosis, and retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy. In conclusion, utilizing certain MRI features can improve the diagnostic performance of MRI by differentiating GPA with skull base involvement from other conditions with similar radiologic findings, including SBO and NPC, facilitating treatment plans and, thus, improving patient outcomes
Nonvolatile Electric Double-Layer Transistor Memory Devices Embedded with Au Nanoparticles
We present nonvolatile
transistor memory devices that rely on the formation of electric double
layer (EDL) at the semiconductor–electrolyte interface. The
two critical functional components of the devices are the ion gel
electrolyte and gold nanoparticles (NPs). The ion gel electrolyte
contains ionic species for EDL formation that allow inducing charges
in the semiconductor–electrolyte interface. The gold NPs inserted
between the ion gel and the channel layer serve as trapping sites
to the induced charges to store the electrical input signals. Two
different types of gold NPs were used: one prepared using direct thermal
evaporation and the other prepared using a colloidal process. The
organic ligands attached onto the colloidal gold NPs prevented the
escape of the trapped charges from the particles and thus enhanced
the retention characteristics of the programmed/erased signals. The
low-voltage-driven EDL formation resulted in a programmed/erased memory
signal ratio larger than 10<sup>3</sup> from the nonvolatile indium–gallium–zinc
oxide transistor memory devices at voltages below 10 V, which could
be held for >10<sup>5</sup> s. The utility of the electrolytes
to operate memory devices demonstrated herein should provide an alternative
strategy to realize cheap, portable electronic devices powered with
thin-film batteries
Critical role of elemental copper for enhancing conversion kinetics of sulphur cathodes in rechargeable magnesium batteries
Despite recent remarkable progress associated with the electrolyte, understanding of the reaction mechanism of magnesium-sulphur batteries is not yet mature. In particular, the lethargic redox reactions involved in the electrochemical conversion of sulphur and MgS in the cathode need to be overcome. Here, we unveil the reaction mechanism involving copper (Cu) metal, a common current collector for electrodes in rechargeable batteries. Specifically, Cu can undergo chemical reactions with polysulphides produced from the reaction of sulphur or MgS with Mg2+. Throughout the conversion reaction, these Cu-polysulphide reactions play a critical role to improve reaction kinetics markedly. The present investigation opens new avenues to the emerging Mg-S battery technology, that is, the incorporation of various metals that can speed up the conversion reaction between sulphur and Mg.
Quantum dot-engineered M13 virus layer-by-layer composite films for highly selective and sensitive turn-on TNT sensors
We developed quantum dot-engineered M13 virus layer-by-layer hybrid composite films with incorporated fluorescence quenchers. TNT is designed to displace the quenchers and turn on the quantum dot fluorescence. TNT was detected at the sub ppb level with a high selectivity.open111516sciescopu
Discontinuous pn-Heterojunction for Organic Thin Film Transistors
Utilization
of discontinuous pn-oragnic heterojunction is introduced
as a versatile method to improve charge transport in organic thin
film transistors (OTFTs). The method is demonstrated by depositing
n-type dioctyl perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-C<sub>8</sub>) discontinuously onto base p-type pentacene OTFTs. A more pronounced
impact of the discontinuous upper layer is obtained on the transistor
performances when thinner base layers are employed; a >100-fold
enhancement
in hole mobility and a >20 V shift in threshold voltage are achieved
after applying PTCDI-C<sub>8</sub> discontinuously onto 2 nm thick
pentacene thin films. Local surface potential measurements (Kelvin-probe
force microscopy) and temperature-dependent transport measurements
(77–300 K) reveal that the interfacial dipole formed at the
pn-heterostructures effectively dopes the base pentacene films p-type
and leads to a reduction in transport activation energy