Implementasi Otonomi Desa dalam Mewujudkan Pemberdayaan Aparatur Pemerintah Desa Dodaga di Kecamatan Wasile Timur Kabupaten Halmahera Timur

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of government officials in the village of EastHalmahera desa.Penelitian implementation of autonomy affairs is using qualitative methods. The government'sability village visits dar three indicators namely; education, training, and experience. Informants were takenfrom the village government elements Dodaga (village head and village secretary), in the village, the communityleaders / religious / cultural. The total number of informants who were interviewed are as many as 8 people.Collecting data using interview techniques, while the data were analyzed using qualitative analysis interactivemodel of Miles and Hubernann.The results showed: (1) Ability apratur village government Dodaga seen from indicators of education is quitegood, but not optimally. (2) The ability of the government apparatus village seen from the indicators of trainingis not maximized because not breathing is done either from the village administration or support you e heGovernment area . (3) The ability of the government apparatus Dodaga seen from the village of indicatorexperience thus even this is not too maximal.Based on these results ditarikkesimpulan that the capacity of Government officials in the implementation of theaffairs of the village of village autonomy in general has been running well but not maximum Deagan seen fromindicators of education, training, and experience.Based on the results of the research, put forward some suggestions to improve the government's ability toimplement urusan otonomi Dodaga Rural villages, as follows: (1) The village government should be allocatedsufficient budget to finance programs and activities. (2) The provision and improvement of infrastructure andfacilities Dodaga village government work needs to be done; and (3) Employee / village government officialsDodagaperluditambah, andquality SD officials / employees also need to be improved through education,training and experience relevant / program pemberdayaan

Guide for Automation of Low Volume Production

There is a remaining need from both academia and practitioners, to gain further knowledge about the decision making process for automation of low volume production. This paper includes insights of drivers for automation, the development of a guide for low volume production and the outcome of using the guide. The research in this study is based on both empirical data and theoretical considerations. The empirical data was collected in five case studies and a questionnaire. This paper is part of a research project with the main objective to develop knowledge about how flexible automation may contribute to improvements in efficiency, ergonomics, quality and production economics in different industries with low volume production. One of the results in the project was a comprehensive guide, developed, refined and improved in an iterative collaborative process, where tools and parts ofthe guide were tested and verified by five manufacturing case companies. The paper describes briefly the development process of the guide and content. The requirements of the guide derived from literature, case companies, questionnaire as well as industrial experts. The resulting guide can be used in several ways, depending on the requirements of the application. The guide includes guiding principles, a decision model for the analysis of the company, choice of automation and facts about automation. In the end of the project, four companies had invested or decided to invest in different types of automation

Cam morphology is strongly and consistently associated with development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis throughout 4 follow-up visits within 10 years

Objective: To determine the association between cam morphology and the development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA) at four time points within 10-year follow-up. Design: The nationwide prospective Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee study includes 1002 participants aged 45–65 years with 2-, 5-, 8-, and 10-year follow-ups. The associations of cam morphology (alpha angle &gt;60°) and large cam morphology (alpha angle &gt;78°) in hips free of osteoarthritis at baseline (Kellgren &amp; Lawrence (KL) grade &lt;2) with the development of both incident RHOA (KL grade≥2) and end-stage RHOA (KL grade≥3) were estimated using logistic regression with generalized estimating equation at each follow-up and using Cox regression over 10 years, adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index.Results: Both cam morphology and large cam morphology were associated with the development of incident RHOA at all follow-ups with adjusted Odd Ratios (aORs) ranging from 2.7 (95% Confidence interval 1.8–4.1) to 2.9 (95% CI 2.0–4.4) for cam morphology and ranging from 2.5 (95% CI 1.5–4.3) to 4.2 (95% CI 2.2–8.3) for large cam morphology. For end-stage RHOA, cam morphology resulted in aORs ranging from 4.9 (95% CI 1.8–13.2) to 8.5 (95% CI 1.1–64.4), and aORs for large cam morphology ranged from 6.7 (95% CI 3.1–14.7) to 12.7 (95% CI 1.9–84.4). Conclusions: Cam morphology poses the hip at 2–13 times increased odds for developing RHOA within a 10-year follow-up. The association was particularly strong for large cam morphology and end-stage RHOA, while the strength of association was consistent over time.</p

High-resolution ex vivo magnetic resonance angiography: a feasibility study on biological and medical tissues

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In biomedical sciences, ex vivo angiography is a practical mean to elucidate vascular structures three-dimensionally with simultaneous estimation of intravascular volume. The objectives of this study were to develop a magnetic resonance (MR) method for ex vivo angiography and to compare the findings with computed tomography (CT). To demonstrate the usefulness of this method, examples are provided from four different tissues and species: the human placenta, a rice field eel, a porcine heart and a turtle.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The optimal solution for ex vivo MR angiography (MRA) was a compound containing gelatine (0.05 g/mL), the CT contrast agent barium sulphate (0.43 mol/L) and the MR contrast agent gadoteric acid (2.5 mmol/L). It was possible to perform angiography on all specimens. We found that ex vivo MRA could only be performed on fresh tissue because formalin fixation makes the blood vessels permeable to the MR contrast agent.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Ex vivo MRA provides high-resolution images of fresh tissue and delineates fine structures that we were unable to visualise by CT. We found that MRA provided detailed information similar to or better than conventional CTA in its ability to visualize vessel configuration while avoiding interfering signals from adjacent bones. Interestingly, we found that vascular tissue becomes leaky when formalin-fixed, leading to increased permeability and extravascular leakage of MR contrast agent.</p

Shaping our future: animal health in a global trading environment

Ireland is currently experiencing both the positive and negative effects of global trade in agricultural products. With increasing global competition, there is little doubt that Irish agricultural product must increasingly compete on the basis of quality, rather than price

Randomized Delayed-Start Trial of Levodopa in Parkinson's Disease

BACKGROUND Levodopa is the main treatment for symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Determining whether levodopa also has a disease-modifying effect could provide guidance as to when in the course of the disease the treatment with this drug should be initiated. METHODS In a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, delayed-start trial, we randomly assigned patients with early Parkinson's disease to receive levodopa (100 mg three times per day) in combination with carbidopa (25 mg three times per day) for 80 weeks (early-start group) or placebo for 40 weeks followed by levodopa in combination with carbidopa for 40 weeks (delayed-start group). The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the mean change from baseline to week 80 in the total score on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS; scores range from 0 to 176, with higher scores signifying more severe disease). Secondary analyses included the progression of symptoms, as measured by the UPDRS score, between weeks 4 and 40 and the noninferiority of early initiation of treatment to delayed initiation between weeks 44 and 80, with a noninferiority margin of 0.055 points per week. RESULTS A total of 445 patients were randomly assigned: 222 to the early-start group and 223 to the delayed-start group. The mean (+/- SD) UPDRS score at baseline was 28.1 +/- 11.4 points in the early-start group and 29.3 +/- 12.1 points in the delayed-start group. The change in UPDRS score from baseline to week 80 was -1.0 +/- 13.1 points and -2.0 +/- 13.0 points, respectively (difference, 1.0 point; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.5 to 3.5; P = 0.44); this finding of no significant between-group difference at week 80 implies that levodopa had no disease-modifying effect. Between weeks 4 and 40, the rate of progression of symptoms, as measured in UPDRS points per week, was 0.04 +/- 0.23 in the early-start group and 0.06 +/- 0.34 in the delayed-start group (difference, -0.02; 95% CI, -0.07 to 0.03). The corresponding rates between weeks 44 and 80 were 0.10 +/- 0.25 and 0.03 +/- 0.28 (difference, 0.07; two-sided 90% CI, 0.03 to 0.10); the difference in the rate of progression between weeks 44 and 80 did not meet the criterion for noninferiority of early receipt of levodopa to delayed receipt. The rates of dyskinesia and levodopa-related fluctuations in motor response did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with early Parkinson's disease who were evaluated over the course of 80 weeks, treatment with levodopa in combination with carbidopa had no disease-modifying effect