Técnicas de etiquetado y desambiguación morfológica del castellano con reducida información contextual

El objetivo de este proyecto es el etiquetado y la desambiguación morfológica de las palabras en castellano sin requerir un alto grado de información contextual. Como parte de la metodología se utilizan dos corpus etiquetados en español. Se establecen unas etiquetas en común, se analizan y se buscan reglas en las que las palabras de los corpus queden etiquetadas correctamente. Los experimentos realizados se dividen en dos etapas. En la primera etapa se experimenta únicamente en función de cada palabra. En el caso de la segunda etapa, los experimentos se llevan a cabo considerando las palabras contiguas y los resultados de la primera etapa. Los experimentos han logrado un porcentaje general de acierto superior al 90%, teniendo en especial consideración la identificación de sustantivos y verbos. Para estas últimas categorías, la recall y la precision superan el 90%. Además, la segunda fase supera en porcentaje de acierto a la primera fase. Estos resultados están respaldados por alto grado de información para esta etapa.Ingeniería Técnica en Informática de Gestió

Urinary Nitric Oxide levels are associated with blood pressure, fruit and vegetable intake and total polyphenol excretion in adolescents from the SI! Program

first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Urinary Nitric Oxide Levels Are Associated with Blood Pressure, Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Total Polyphenol Excretion in Adolescents from the SI! Program by Sonia L. Ramírez-Garza 1ORCID,Emily P. Laveriano-Santos 1,2ORCID,Camila Arancibia-Riveros 1,Jose C. Carrasco-Jimenez 3,Patricia Bodega 4,5ORCID,Amaya de Cos-Gandoy 4,5ORCID,Mercedes de Miguel 4,5,Gloria Santos-Beneit 4,6,Juan Miguel Fernández-Alvira 5ORCID,Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez 5,7,8,Jesús Martínez-Gómez 5ORCID,Ramón Estruch 2,9ORCID,Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós 1,2ORCID andAnna Tresserra-Rimbau 1,2,*ORCID 1 Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain 2 Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain 3 Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain 4 Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain 5 Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain 6 The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA 7 Hospital Universitario Clinico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain 8 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain 9 Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2140; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112140 Received: 4 October 2022 / Revised: 21 October 2022 / Accepted: 25 October 2022 / Published: 28 October 2022 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Cardiovascular Health) Download Browse Figures Review Reports Versions Notes Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is important to cardiovascular health (CVH), and its bioavailability could be regulated by the antioxidant effect of polyphenols, improving endothelial function and consequently blood pressure (BP). However, scant research has been carried out on NO and CVH correlates in adolescent populations. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the association between NO and the CVH status and other health factors in adolescents. NO, total polyphenol excretion (TPE), anthropometric measurements, BP, blood lipid profile, blood glucose, diet, physical activity, and smoking status were recorded, while CVH score was classified as ideal, intermediate, and poor. Negative associations were observed between NO and body mass index, body fat percentage, BP, and triglycerides; and positive associations between NO and skeletal muscle percentage, HDL-cholesterol, fruit and vegetable intake, and TPE was observed. To capture more complex interactions among different factors, multiple linear regression was performed, obtaining a significant association between NO and fruit and vegetable intake (β = 0.175), TPE (β = 0.225), and systolic BP (β = −0.235). We conclude that urinary NO levels are positively associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants such as polyphenols and negatively associated with systolic BP.Peer Reviewed"Article signat per 14 autors/es:" Sonia L. Ramírez-Garza, Emily P. Laveriano-Santos, Camila Arancibia-Riveros, Jose C. Carrasco-Jimenez, Patricia Bodega, Amaya de Cos-Gandoy, Mercedes de Miguel, Gloria Santos-Beneit, Juan Miguel Fernández-Alvira,Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez,Jesús Martínez-Gómez, Ramón Estruch, Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós, and Anna Tresserra-Rimbau"Postprint (published version

Increasing the magnesium concentration in various dialysate solutions differentially modulates oxidative stress in a human monocyte cell line

Oxidative stress is exacerbated in hemodialysis patients by several factors, including the uremic environment and the use of dialysis fluids (DFs). Since magnesium (Mg) plays a key role in modulating immune function and in reducing oxidative stress, we aimed to evaluate whether increasing the Mg concentration in different DFs could protect against oxidative stress in immunocompetent cells in vitro. Effect of ADF (acetate 3 mM), CDF (citrate 1 mM), and ACDF (citrate 0.8 mM + acetate 0.3 mM) dialysates with Mg at standard (0.5 mM) or higher (1, 1.25, and 2 mM) concentrations were assessed in THP-1 monocyte cultures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were quantified under basal and uremic conditions (indoxyl sulfate (IS) treatment). Under uremic conditions, the three DFs with 0.5 mM Mg promoted higher ROS production and lipid damage than the control solution. However, CDF and ACDF induced lower levels of ROS and MDA, compared to that induced by ADF. High Mg concentration (1.25 and/or 2 mM) in CDF and ACDF protected against oxidative stress, indicated by reduced ROS and MDA levels compared to respective DFs with standard concentration of Mg. Increasing Mg concentrations in ADF promoted high ROS production and MDA content. Thus, an increase in Mg content in DFs has differential effects on the oxidative stress in IS-treated THP-1 cells depending on the dialysate used

Mechanisms of cardiovascular disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease: a process related to accelerated senescence

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), especially those involving a systemic inflammatory process such as atherosclerosis, remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is a systemic condition affecting approximately 10% of the general population. The prevalence of CKD has increased over the past decades because of the aging of the population worldwide. Indeed, CVDs in patients with CKD constitute a premature form of CVD observed in the general population. Multiple studies indicate that patients with renal disease undergo accelerated aging, which precipitates the appearance of pathologies, including CVDs, usually associated with advanced age. In this review, we discuss several aspects that characterize CKD-associated CVDs, such as etiopathogenic elements that CKD patients share with the general population, changes in the cellular balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the associated process of cellular senescence. Uremiaassociated aging is linked with numerous changes at the cellular and molecular level. These changes are similar to those observed in the normal process of physiologic aging. We also discuss new perspectives in the study of CKD-associated CVDs and epigenetic alterations in intercellular signaling, mediated by microRNAs and/or extracellular vesicles (EVs), which promote vascular damage and subsequent development of CVD. Understanding the processes and factors involved in accelerated senescence and other abnormal intercellular signaling will identify new therapeutic targets and lead to improved methods of diagnosis and monitoring for patients with CKD-associated CVDs

Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate lifestyle-related behaviors in elementary school children

Background The SI! Program promotes cardiovascular health through a multilevel school-based intervention on four lifestyle-related components: diet, physical activity, understanding the body and heart, and management of emotions. We report here the development and validation of the KAH (knowledge, attitudes and habits)-questionnaire adapted for elementary school children (6-7 years old) as a tool for the forthcoming evaluation of the SI! Program, where the KAH scoring will be the primary outcome. The efficacy of such an intervention will be based on the improvements in children's KAH towards a healthy lifestyle. Methods The questionnaire validation process started with a pool of items proposed by the pedagogical team who developed the SI! Program for elementary school. The questionnaire was finalized by decreasing the number of items from 155 to 48 using expert panels and statistical tests on the responses from 384 children (ages 6-7). A team of specialized psychologists administered the questionnaire at schools providing standard directions for the final administration. The internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficients. Reliability was measured through the split-half method, and problematic items were detected applying the item response theory. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test of additivity were used for multiple comparisons. Results The final KAH-questionnaire for elementary school children should be administered to children individually by trained staff. The 48 items-questionnaire is divided evenly between the 4 components of the intervention, with an overall Cronbach's α = 0.791 (α = 0.526 for diet, α = 0.537 for physical activity, α = 0.523 for human body and heart, and α = 0.537 for management of emotions). Conclusions The KAH-questionnaire is a reliable instrument to assess the efficacy of the SI! Program on instilling healthy lifestyle-related behaviors in elementary school children

Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate lifestyle-related behaviors in elementary school children

Background: The SI! Program promotes cardiovascular health through a multilevel school-based intervention on four lifestyle-related components: diet, physical activity, understanding the body and heart, and management of emotions. We report here the development and validation of the KAH (knowledge, attitudes and habits)-questionnaire adapted for elementary school children (6-7 years old) as a tool for the forthcoming evaluation of the SI! Program, where the KAH scoring will be the primary outcome. The efficacy of such an intervention will be based on the improvements in children's KAH towards a healthy lifestyle. Methods: The questionnaire validation process started with a pool of items proposed by the pedagogical team who developed the SI! Program for elementary school. The questionnaire was finalized by decreasing the number of items from 155 to 48 using expert panels and statistical tests on the responses from 384 children (ages 6-7). A team of specialized psychologists administered the questionnaire at schools providing standard directions for the final administration. The internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's a coefficients. Reliability was measured through the split-half method, and problematic items were detected applying the item response theory. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test of additivity were used for multiple comparisons. Results: The final KAH-questionnaire for elementary school children should be administered to children individually by trained staff. The 48 items-questionnaire is divided evenly between the 4 components of the intervention, with an overall Cronbach's a = 0.791 (a = 0.526 for diet, a = 0.537 for physical activity, a = 0.523 for human body and heart, and a = 0.537 for management of emotions). Conclusions: The KAH-questionnaire is a reliable instrument to assess the efficacy of the SI! Program on instilling healthy lifestyle-related behaviors in elementary school children.This work is supported by the SHE Foundation (Foundation for Science, Health and Education) and the Daniel and Nina Carasso Foundation.S

A high magnesium concentration in citrate dialysate prevents oxidative stress and damage in human monocytes in vitro

Background. The use of dialysis fluids (DFs) during haemodialysis has been associated with increased oxidative stress and reduced serum magnesium (Mg) levels, contributing to chronic inflammation. Since the role of Mg in modulating immune function and reducing oxidative stress has been demonstrated, the aim of this study was to characterize in vitro whether increasing the Mg concentration in DFs could protect immune cells from oxidative stress and damage. Methods. The effect of citrate [citrate dialysis fluid (CDF), 1 mM] or acetate [acetate dialysis fluid (ADF), 3 mM] dialysates with low (0.5 mM; routinely used) or high (1 mM, 1.25 mM and 2 mM) Mg concentrations was assessed in THP-1 human monocytes. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized/reduced (GSSG/GSH) glutathione were quantified under basal and inflammatory conditions (stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, LPS). Results. The increase of Mg in CDF resulted in a significant reduction of ROS production under basal and inflammatory conditions (extremely marked in 2 mM Mg; P< 0.001). These effects were not observed in ADF. Interestingly, in a dose-dependent manner, high Mg doses in CDF reduced oxidative stress in monocytes under both basal and inflammatory conditions. In fact, 2 mM Mg significantly decreased the levels of GSH, GSSG and MDA and the GSSG/GSH ratio in relation to 0.5 mM Mg. Conclusions. CDF produces lower oxidative stress than ADF. The increase of Mg content in DFs, especially in CDF, could have a positive and protective effect in reducing oxidative stress and damage in immune cells, especially under inflammatory conditions.Instituto de Salud Carlos IIISociedad Española de NefrologíaUniversidad Complutense de MadridUniversidad de AlcaláFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDE

Increasing the Magnesium Concentration in Various Dialysate Solutions Differentially Modulates Oxidative Stress in a Human Monocyte Cell Line

Oxidative stress is exacerbated in hemodialysis patients by several factors, including the uremic environment and the use of dialysis fluids (DFs). Since magnesium (Mg) plays a key role in modulating immune function and in reducing oxidative stress, we aimed to evaluate whether increasing the Mg concentration in different DFs could protect against oxidative stress in immunocompetent cells in vitro. Effect of ADF (acetate 3 mM), CDF (citrate 1 mM), and ACDF (citrate 0.8 mM + acetate 0.3 mM) dialysates with Mg at standard (0.5 mM) or higher (1, 1.25, and 2 mM) concentrations were assessed in THP-1 monocyte cultures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were quantified under basal and uremic conditions (indoxyl sulfate (IS) treatment). Under uremic conditions, the three DFs with 0.5 mM Mg promoted higher ROS production and lipid damage than the control solution. However, CDF and ACDF induced lower levels of ROS and MDA, compared to that induced by ADF. High Mg concentration (1.25 and/or 2 mM) in CDF and ACDF protected against oxidative stress, indicated by reduced ROS and MDA levels compared to respective DFs with standard concentration of Mg. Increasing Mg concentrations in ADF promoted high ROS production and MDA content. Thus, an increase in Mg content in DFs has differential effects on the oxidative stress in IS-treated THP-1 cells depending on the dialysate used.Instituto de Salud Carlos IIISociedad Española de Nefrologí

Magnetic resonance imaging reference values for cardiac morphology, function and tissue composition in adolescents.

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a precise tool for the assessment of cardiac anatomy, function, and tissue composition. However, studies providing CMR reference values in adolescence are scarce. We aim to provide sex-specific CMR reference values for biventricular and atrial dimensions and function and myocardial relaxation times in this population. METHODS Adolescents aged 15-18 years with no known cardiovascular disease underwent a non-contrast 3-T CMR scan between March 2021 and October 2021. The imaging protocol included a cine steady-state free-precession sequence for the analysis of chamber size and function, as well as T2-GraSE and native MOLLI T1-mapping for the characterization of myocardial tissue. FINDINGS CMR scans were performed in 123 adolescents (mean age 16 ± 0.5 years, 52% girls). Mean left and right ventricular end-diastolic indexed volumes were higher in boys than in girls (91.7 ± 11.6 vs 78.1 ± 8.3 ml/m2, p < 0.001; and 101.3 ± 14.1 vs 84.1 ± 10.5 ml/m2, p < 0.001), as was the indexed left ventricular mass (48.5 ± 9.6 vs 36.6 ± 6.0 g/m2, p < 0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction showed no significant difference by sex (62.2 ± 4.1 vs 62.8 ± 4.2%, p = 0.412), whereas right ventricular ejection fraction trended slightly lower in boys (55.4 ± 4.7 vs. 56.8 ± 4.4%, p = 0.085). Indexed atrial size and function parameters did not differ significantly between sexes. Global myocardial native T1 relaxation time was lower in boys than in girls (1215 ± 23 vs 1252 ± 28 ms, p < 0.001), whereas global myocardial T2 relaxation time did not differ by sex (44.4 ± 2.0 vs 44.1 ± 2.4 ms, p = 0.384). Sex-stratified comprehensive percentile tables are provided for most relevant cardiac parameters. INTERPRETATION This cross-sectional study provides overall and sex-stratified CMR reference values for cardiac dimensions and function, and myocardial tissue properties, in adolescents. This information is useful for clinical practice and may help in the differential diagnosis of cardiac diseases, such as cardiomyopathies and myocarditis, in this population. FUNDING Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI19/01704).Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI19/01704). The authors are indebted to the adolescents who participated in this study. Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez is recipient of grant PI19/01704 by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) - Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria and the European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund (A way to make Europe/Investing in your future), which funded the EnIGMA (Early ImaGing Markers of unhealthy lifestyles in Adolescents) study. Jesús Martínez-Gómez was a postgraduate fellow of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación at the Residencia de Estudiantes (2020–2022) and is a recipient of grant FPU21/04891 (Ayudas para la formación de profesorado universitario, FPU-2021) from the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte Gloria Santos-Beneit is recipient of grant LCF/PR/MS19/12220001 funded by ““la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434). The SHE Foundation is supported by “la Caixa” Foundation (LCF/PR/CE16/10700001). The CNIC is supported by the ISCIII, the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and the Pro CNIC Foundation and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (grant CEX2020-001041-S funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Simon Bartlett (CNIC) provided English editing.S

The SI! Program for Cardiovascular Health Promotion in Early Childhood A Cluster-Randomized Trial

AbstractBackgroundThe preschool years offer a unique window of opportunity to instill healthy life-style behaviors and promote cardiovascular health.ObjectivesThis study sought to evaluate the effect of a 3-year multidimensional school-based intervention to improve life-style–related behaviors.MethodsWe performed a cluster-randomized controlled intervention trial involving 24 public schools in Madrid, Spain, that were assigned to either the SI! Program intervention or the usual curriculum and followed for 3 years. The SI! Program aimed to instill and develop healthy behaviors in relation to diet, physical activity, and understanding how the human body and heart work. The primary outcome was change in the overall knowledge, attitudes, and habits (KAH) score (range 0 to 80). The intervention’s effect on adiposity markers was also evaluated.ResultsA total of 2,062 children from 3 to 5 years of age were randomized. After 3 years of follow-up, the overall KAH score was 4.9% higher in children in the intervention group compared with the control group (21.7 vs. 16.4; p < 0.001). A peak effect was observed at the second year (improvement 7.1% higher than in the control group; p < 0.001). Physical activity was the main driver of the change in KAH at all evaluation times. Children in the intervention group for 2 years and 1 year showed greater improvement than control subjects (5.9%; p < 0.001 and 2.9%; p = 0.002, respectively). After 3 years, the intervention group showed a higher probability than the control group of reducing the triceps skinfold z-score by at least 0.1 (hazard ratio: 1.40, 95% confidence interval: 1.04 to 1.89; p = 0.027).ConclusionsThe SI! Program is an effective strategy for instilling healthy habits among preschoolers, translating into a beneficial effect on adiposity, with maximal effect when started at the earliest age and maintained over 3 years. Wider adoption may have a meaningful effect on cardiovascular health promotion. (Evaluation of the Program SI! for Preschool Education: A School-Based Randomized Controlled Trial [Preschool_PSI!]; NCT01579708