Discrete element modeling of hydrogel extrusion

Hydrogels are widely used in extrusion bioprinting as bioinks. Understanding how the hydrogel microstructure affects the bioprinting process aids researchers in predicting the behavior of biological components. Current experimental tools are unable to measure internal forces and microstructure variations during the bioprinting process. In this work, discrete element modeling was used to study the internal interactions and the elastic deformation of the molecular chains within hydrogel networks during the extrusion process. Two-dimensional models of hydrogel extrusions were created in Particle Flow Code (PFC; Itasca Co., Minneapolis, MN). For our model\u27s calibration, hydrogel compression testing was used in which a cluster of particles is pushed in the vertical direction with a confined load similar to the uniaxial compression test. The parameter sensitivity study was performed using a set of parameters, e.g., coefficient of friction, restitution coefficient, and stiffness. Force distribution among the particles during the extrusion process was then predicted using the results of the study. Using this model, we analyzed the distribution of internal forces

Physical design of USB1.1

In earlier days, interfacing peripheral devices to host computer has a big problematic. There existed so many different kinds’ ports like serial port, parallel port, PS/2 etc. And their use restricts many situations, Such as no hot-pluggability and involuntary configuration. There are very less number of methods to connect the peripheral devices to host computer. The main reason that Universal Serial Bus was implemented to provide an additional benefits compared to earlier interfacing ports. USB is designed to allow many peripheral be connecting using single standardize interface. It provides an expandable fast, cost effective, hot-pluggable plug and play serial hardware interface that makes life of computer user easier allowing them to plug different devices to into USB port and have them configured automatically. In this thesis demonstrated the USB v1.1 architecture part in briefly and generated gate level net list form RTL code by applying the different constraints like timing, area and power. By applying the various types design constraints so that the performance was improved by 30%. And then it implemented in physically by using SoC encounter EDI system, estimation of chip size, power analysis and routing the clock signal to all flip-flops presented in the design. To reduce the clock switching power implemented register clustering algorithm (DBSCAN). In this design implementation TSMC 180nm technology library is used

Trends of metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, Fe, Hg and Ni) concentration in the New Jersey air environment

The atmospheric concentrations and relative trends of ten trace elements (Co, Cd, Fe, Hg, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr and Mn) were studied at Elizabeth and Carteret, New Jersey from July 1987 to September 1989. The specific sites are Industrial and Residential Interface areas. The analytical procedure involved collection of the airborne particulates on a quartz microfiber filter using a high volume sampler. The samples were digested and then analyzed using the atomic absorption spectrometer. Elizabeth usually showed lower values for the metals than Carteret. Average concentrations (ng/m3) for the respective metals over the entire project are: Metal: Co Cd Fe Hg Pb Elizabeth: 9.56 1.78 495.45 0.48 29.66 Carteret: 12.78 3.32 788.64 0.58 49.18 Metal: Ni Zn Cu Cr Mn Elizabeth: 18.78 103.56 44.60 18.96 16.40 Carteret: 33.21 106.81 89.20 27.46 24.28 It was determined that there were significant variations (more than 25%) in average levels of the metals Cadmium, Iron, Lead, Nickel, Copper, Chromium and Manganese, between the Elizabeth and the Carteret sites. In addition there are variations of over 50% in levels of quarterly averages for Iron, Copper, Nickel at the Carteret site and Copper, Nickel and Iron at the Elizabeth site. The results were compared with those of a previous NJIT study from 1981 and 1982 at Elizabeth and Newark, New Jersey where the levels of Lead, Iron, Cadmium, Manganese, Copper, and Nickel were quantitated. For. Pb the following illustrates the very significant decrease observed. Comparison Site % Pb decrease Elizabeth 88/89 - Elizabeth 81/82 91.3 Elizabeth 88/89 - Newark 81/82 92.0 Carteret 88/89 - Elizabeth 81/82 85.5 Carteret 88/89 - Newark 81/82 86.8 These decreases in Lead concentrations are assigned to decreased use of lead in Vehicular fuels. Zinc and Cadmium also showed similar trends to that of Lead with a decrease of 15.55 in 88/89 for Elizabeth when compared with Elizabeth 81/82 and 61.3% decrease when compared with the Newark site. Manganese, Copper and Nickel showed increases in concentration for this 1988/89 study by 50.5%, 68.1% and 65.4% respectively relative to the Elizabeth 1881/82 site. Statistical Analysis on metal concentration as a function at the 3-hour average wind direction reported by the US Meteorological Service has also been performed to determine trends in metal concentration vs wind direction

Women in Activism, Assertion and Empowerment: A Study of T. N Sadalakshmi’s Biography Nene Balaani (I am Strength)

Assertion leads to activism and activism leads to empowerment. The interrelatedness and reciprocity implies that empowerment cannot be achieved without holding onto either assertion or activism. Therefore, it is the assertion of oneself leads to activism that strengthens the socio-political position of women to combat to accomplish empowerment. The goal of assertion and activism is to accomplish empowerment by questioning and challenging the existing socio-historical, cultural and political oppressive structures of the society. Considering the Dalit assertion and activism which can be defined as socio-political apparatus derived from the self-contained personalities like Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, Periyar and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar who apparently cling on to the assertion and activism which lead them to question the dominant voices. T. N Sadalakshmi, a Telugu Dalit Bahujan leader and activist who hails from Telangana comes with the assertion and activism with the influence of the self-contained Dalit ideologues like Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, Periyar and Phule who took up assertion and activism as a means of bringing empowerment and a constructive change in the society. The present paper seeks to highlight the dialogues of T. N Sadalakshmi with Gogu Shyamala. Further the paper tries to evaluate T. N Sadalakshmi’s biography Nene Balaani (2011) as such an example to study and understand how as a downtrodden woman empowered herself and further lead the Dalit Bahujan community to assertion, activism and empowerment by embracing the words of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s ‘educate, agitate and organize’

Extremal points for a (n, p)-type Riemann–Liouville fractional-order boundary value problems

The main objective of this work is to use the Krein–Rutman theorem to characterize extremal points for a (n, p)-type Riemann–Liouville fractional-order boundary value problem. The key premise is that a mapping from a linear, compact operatör to its spectral radius, which depends on =, is continuous and strictly increasing as a function of =. A nonlinear problem is also treated as an application of the result for the linear case’s extremal point.Publisher's Versio

UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE AND ACECLOFENAC IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Objective: To develop a simple, economic and validated UV spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of aceclofenac and tramadol hydrochloride in bulk and tablet dosage form.Methods: The UV spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of aceclofenac and tramadol hydrochloride has been developed. Methanol and water in the ratio 60:40 was used as the solvent. Tramadol hydrochloride and aceclofenac showed maximum absorbance at wavelength 214.8 nm and 275.6 nm respectively.Results: The developed method showed tramadol hydrochloride and aceclofenac to be linear in the concentration range of 5–30 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and 0.999 respectively. The result of recovery studies for the tablet was found to be in the range of 98.125%-101.0% and 98.01%-98.36% for tramadol hydrochloride and aceclofenac respectively.Conclusion: The results show that the developed UV spectrophotometric method is simple, economical, accurate, precise and repeatable.Keywords: UV spectrophotometric method, Tramadol Hydrochloride, Aceclofenac, Simultaneous estimation, Tablet dosage form, Validatio

Novel Heuristic Recurrent Neural Network Framework to Handle Automatic Telugu Text Categorization from Handwritten Text Image

In the near future, the digitization and processing of the current paper documents describe efficient role in the creation of a paperless environment. Deep learning techniques for handwritten recognition have been extensively studied by various researchers. Deep neural networks can be trained quickly thanks to a lot of data and other algorithmic advancements. Various methods for extracting text from handwritten manuscripts have been developed in literature. To extract features from written Telugu Text image having some other neural network approaches like convolution neural network (CNN), recurrent neural networks (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM). Different deep learning related approaches are widely used to identification of handwritten Telugu Text; various techniques are used in literature for the identification of Telugu Text from documents. For automatic identification of Telugu written script efficiently to eliminate noise and other semantic features present in Telugu Text, in this paper, proposes Novel Heuristic Advanced Neural Network based Telugu Text Categorization Model (NHANNTCM) based on sequence-to-sequence feature extraction procedure. Proposed approach extracts the features using RNN and then represents Telugu Text in sequence-to-sequence format for the identification advanced neural network performs both encoding and decoding to identify and explore visual features from sequence of Telugu Text in input data. The classification accuracy rates for Telugu words, Telugu numerals, Telugu characters, Telugu sentences, and the corresponding Telugu sentences were 99.66%, 93.63%, 91.36%, 99.05%, and 97.73% consequently. Experimental evaluation describe extracted with revealed which are textured i.e. TENG shown considerable operations in applications such as private information protection, security defense, and personal handwriting signature identification

Financial Fraud Detection using Improved Artificial Humming Bird Algorithm with Modified Extreme Learning Machine

More and more industries, including the financial sector, are moving their operations online as internet usage continues to rise at an exponential rate. As a result, financial fraud is on the rise in all its guises and in all parts of the world, causing enormous economic damage. The purpose of financial fraud detection systems is to identify potential dangers, such as unauthorised access or unusual attacks. In recent years, this problem has been attacked using a variety of machine learning and data mining methods. Aalgorithms, on the other hand, are better able to deal with only a small quantity of labelled data and a large amount of unlabeled data, making them useful in situations where it would be impractical to rely solely on supervised learning algorithms to train a good-performing classifier. In this research, we propose a Semi-supervised Extreme Learning Machine (SKELM) built on top of the weighted kernel, which we call SELMWK. For the purpose of detecting financial fraud, this research proposes an enhanced artificial hummingbird algorithm (IAHA). The algorithm combines two essential techniques to enhance its capacity for optimisation. To begin, the Chebyshev chaotic map is used to seed the first population of artificial hummingbirds, which boosts the population's overall ability to do global searches. Second, the guided foraging phase incorporates the Levy flight to enlarge the search field and forestall early convergence. The experimental results demonstration that the suggested technique recovers the Internet monetary fraud detections

On Split-State Quantum Tamper Detection and Non-Malleability

Tamper-detection codes (TDCs) and non-malleable codes (NMCs) are now fundamental objects at the intersection of cryptography and coding theory. Both of these primitives represent natural relaxations of error-correcting codes and offer related security guarantees in adversarial settings where error correction is impossible. While in a TDC, the decoder is tasked with either recovering the original message or rejecting it, in an NMC, the decoder is additionally allowed to output a completely unrelated message. In this work, we study quantum analogs of one of the most well-studied adversarial tampering models: the so-called split-state tampering model. In the $t$-split-state model, the codeword (or code-state) is divided into $t$ shares, and each share is tampered with "locally". Previous research has primarily focused on settings where the adversaries' local quantum operations are assisted by an unbounded amount of pre-shared entanglement, while the code remains unentangled, either classical or separable. We construct quantum TDCs and NMCs in several $\textit{resource-restricted}$ analogs of the split-state model, which are provably impossible using just classical codes. In particular, against split-state adversaries restricted to local (unentangled) operations, local operations and classical communication, as well as a "bounded storage model" where they are limited to a finite amount of pre-shared entanglement. We complement our code constructions in two directions. First, we present applications to designing secret sharing schemes, which inherit similar non-malleable and tamper-detection guarantees. Second, we discuss connections between our codes and quantum encryption schemes, which we leverage to prove singleton-type bounds on the capacity of certain families of quantum NMCs in the split-state model

Novel technique for reversing phrenic nerve paresis secondary to interscalene brachial plexus block

Interscalene brachial plexus block is the reference analgesic technique for shoulder surgery. Phrenic nerve palsy with hemidiaphragmatic paresis is an established complication that results in symptomatic dyspnoea in a small number of subjects, and is poorly tolerated. Established management is supportive and assumes that, once administered, the duration of the block is unalterable. A case is presented of saline washout as a rescue measure for severe dyspnoea due to phrenic nerve palsy following interscalene brachial plexus block. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of this method used to reverse a single-injection brachial plexus block.Keywords: brachial plexus block, diaphragm, local anaesthetics, phrenic nerv