Stability of the film flow passing round the cross-section elements in the area of high density irrigation

The paper studies the loss of stability of a liquid film using regular surface roughness. The model of the breakdown process is described and the conditions for the formation of a liquid film breakdown are determined experimentally. It was found that there are two characteristic modes, namely drop and film regimes. Using the methods of thermal anemometry, data were obtained on the distribution of the droplet sizes after a film breakdown and the dependence of the We number on the projection arrangement height was plotted. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant No. 17-38-50069

Купцы и дворяне Лугинины: три поколения владельцев Златоустовских заводов второй половины XVIII в.

The article presents the history of the ownership of Zlatoust mining plants by three generations of the Luginin family. It shows direct dependence of the dynamics of ownership and inheritance of plants on the vicissitudes of the family history. It is established that the founder of the Zlatoust factory farm, L. I. Luginin, relied in his business activities on the help of his son Maxim, who took over the management and control of a new part of the family business — the Ural factories in 1769. M. L. Luginin died in the middle of 1770s and L. I. Luginin was left without an assistant and a trained heir. The grandchildren of the factory owner, due to the life circumstances associated with their new noble status, character traits and age, failed to adopt the grandfather’s experience and did not become an equivalent replacement for their father. After the death of the founder, during the period of guardianship management of the factories, the middle grandson, Larion Maksimovich, showed interest in the factories, but he also died before he had been in the factories for two years. The transfer of ownership of the district to the most unworthy of the heirs, I. M. Luginin, eventually led to the exit of the estate from the possession of the family. Zlatoust factories, located far from the rest of the family’s possessions, required constant control of the owner, his participation in the management. In this case, the succession should have been manifested in the active participation of the heirs in the management of the district, personal control over the execution of orders. It is concluded that the succession of generations of the family is of great importance in the early stages of the organization of the business, when the personal control of the owner is a significant factor in the preservation of the business in the hands of the family. © 2021 Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of RAS. All rights reserved

To the Question of Criminological Security in the Use of Cryptocurrency

The Author examines various approaches to the definition of cryptocurrency, the issues of legislative regulation of cryptocurrency in Russia, proposes measures to counter crimes using cryptocurrency. Based on the study, the Author concludes that in order to regulate cryptocurrency transactions, as well as in order to create a uniform judicial practice in cases related to cryptocurrency, it is necessary to create a unified regulatory framework on the subject matter. The Author proposes to legislatively fix the definition of cryptocurrency, the conditions for its issuance, storage and execution of transactions with it, as well as the circle of persons authorized to carry out operations to create, exchange, etc. with cryptocurrency; conduct training of specialists in the field of cryptocurrency through training courses, lectures, seminars, conferences, etc., including abroad, as well as to ensure the exchange of experience between experts in the field of cryptocurrency; create a technical base in law enforcement to track cryptocurrency transactions; to ensure the formation of scientific schools in the field of cryptocurrency

Financial statements of a company as an information base for decision-making in a transforming economy

In connection with the development of transforming the economy, the need for forecasting and analyzing the consequences of managerial decisions becomes more pressing. To substantiate and evaluate such decisions, a tool for prospective analysis of financial statements of companies is used. In recent years, the content and structure of a company's financial statements have undergone significant changes. With the development of economic relations, the principles of organization and methodology of accounting and reporting are also dynamically changing. The issues of reforming financial statements of a company are constantly discussed at international congresses of accountants and other professional forums. The purpose of the study is to improve the concept of preparing financial statements of a company as an information base for taking decisions in a transforming economy. As a result of the research, the economic essence of company's financial statements is substantiated from the point of view of an integrated approach; the importance of financial statements of an organization for effective management is determined; the main financial and non-financial indicators are systematized; it is proposed to introduce a mandatory requirement for disclosure of non-financial indicators in the corporate reporting system; proposals have been elaborated to improve the methods for analyzing financial statements as a tool for managing a company.peer-reviewe

Exchange of property rights and control as a condition of the innovation process effectiveness at collaboration between university and enterprise

INTRODUCTION Currently, the innovative development of the enterprise is considered to be an urgent task. Implementation of innovation in the economic activity of the enterprise is a complex process. Thus, effective innovation process conditions and factors, as well as mechanisms of its control need further investigation. METHODS The study is based on general research methods such as the analysis and synthesis, the deduction and induction, the interrelation between historical and logical, laws of dialectics, and the analysis of cause and effect relationship. Special methods include the institutional approach, methods of the theory of property rights and the theory of innovation. The study is based on the works of scholars such as J.A. Schumpeter, N.D. Kondratieff, D.C. North, R.H. Coase, D. Hahn, S.Y. Glaz'ev, D.S. Lvov, J.L. Abalkin, K.S. Mullakhmetov, S.P. Robbins, M. Coulter, R.L. Daft, V. Horvath, and others. RESULTS Conducted study revels beneficial effect of property rights exchange in the innovation process. Property rights act as a vital institution of increasing confidence and values in the innovation process. The identified main stages of the innovation process are considered in a following sequence: idea → intellectual property asset → intangible assets → shares. The exchange of proprietary rights allows determining the required ratio of economic resources and create behavior scenario of the innovation process participants. DISCUSSION Special attention is paid to the transitions from stage to stage in the innovation process, as well as improvement of control procedures at each stage. It is found that the main risks occur during the transition of the innovation process from one stage to another. These stages should be taken into account when exchanging and control of property rights. The authors distinguish between sales of knowledge and intellectual property management since property rights transformation in these two cases is different. FINAL REPORT The application of the institutional approach and the property rights theory to improve the effectiveness of the innovation process is a promising and relevant tool of economic activity of university and enterprise

Chlamydia pan-genomic analysis reveals balance between host adaptation and selective pressure to genome reduction

Background Chlamydia are ancient intracellular pathogens with reduced, though strikingly conserved genome. Despite their parasitic lifestyle and isolated intracellular environment, these bacteria managed to avoid accumulation of deleterious mutations leading to subsequent genome degradation characteristic for many parasitic bacteria. Results We report pan-genomic analysis of sixteen species from genus Chlamydia including identification and functional annotation of orthologous genes, and characterization of gene gains, losses, and rearrangements. We demonstrate the overall genome stability of these bacteria as indicated by a large fraction of common genes with conserved genomic locations. On the other hand, extreme evolvability is confined to several paralogous gene families such as polymorphic membrane proteins and phospholipase D, and likely is caused by the pressure from the host immune system. Conclusions This combination of a large, conserved core genome and a small, evolvable periphery likely reflect the balance between the selective pressure towards genome reduction and the need to adapt to escape from the host immunity

DETECTION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROFLORA IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS

This paper presents results, which were obtained during investigation of 106 children with acute intestinal infections in order to determine the presence of cryptosporidia and to evaluate their intestinal microbial status. The cryptosporidia's oocysts were found in 31 of children (29,2 %) that were mainly under the 3 age old. At the same time the authors found the dysbacteriosis of the second and. third, degrees in 92,5 % of patients. Six patients (5,7 %) became cryptosporidium negative and improved their intestinal microbial status. The obtained results showed that lactobacterias containing probiotics are effective in treatment of children with acute intestinal infections for normalizing of intestinal biocenosis and. to eradicate cryptosporidia

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ВЫБОРА ОПТИМАЛЬНОЙ ПРОБИОТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕРАПИИ ОСТРЫХ КИШЕЧНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ С ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ И ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ПАТОЛОГИЕЙ ЖЕЛУДОЧНО-КИШЕЧНОГО ТРАКТА

Studied the comparative efficacy of probiotics with different composition of strains in the complex treatment of acute intestinal infection in 89 children with functional disorders and chronic gastrointestinal tract. Conducted a dynamic study of the intestinal microflora bacteriological method and gas-liquid chromatography with the definition of short-chain fatty acid content of the level of carbohydrates in the feces and stool data. Set different dates for stopping diarrhea and features state of the intestinal ecosystem indicators after treatment in patients receiving comprehensive probiotic containing bifidobacteria and enterococcus, or probiotic containing lactobacillus. Изучена сравнительная эффективность применения пробиотиков с различным штаммовым составом в комплексном лечении острой кишечной инфекции у 89 детей с функциональной и хронической патологией желудочно-кишечного тракта. Проведено динамическое исследование состояния кишечной микрофлоры классическим бактериологическим методом и методом газожидкостной хроматографии с определением короткоцепочечных жирных кислот, содержания уровня углеводов в фекалиях и копроцитологических данных. Установлены различные сроки ликвидации диареи и особенности состояния показателей кишечной экосистемы после лечения в группах пациентов, получавших комплексный пробиотик, содержащий бифидобактерии и энтерококки, или лактосодержащий препарат.